Introduction: Measles is a viral disease that is a major public health problem in both developed and developing countries. It is a contagious disease resulting from infection with the measles virus and is still respon...Introduction: Measles is a viral disease that is a major public health problem in both developed and developing countries. It is a contagious disease resulting from infection with the measles virus and is still responsible for more than 100,000 deaths per year. Although vaccination is one of the most successful and cost-effective public health interventions to reduce mortality and morbidity, approximately 1.4 million children worldwide die from vaccine-preventable diseases each year. In Zambia, MCV2 was 66% below WHO recommended target of 95%. This study therefore assessed the acceptability of second dose measles vaccination services among caretakers/mothers with children less than two years of age in Livingstone, Zambia. Methods: The study used analytical cross-sectional study design. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with acceptability of the second dose of measles vaccine. A semi structured questionnaire was administered to collect data on socio demographic characteristics and factors related to acceptability of the second dose of measles vaccine. SPSS version 26.0 was used for descriptive and inferential analysis at 5% level of significance. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in acceptability of the second dose of measles vaccine by gender, marital status, type of employment, income level, socio-cultural and traditional beliefs, and education level. However, there was a statistically significant difference in acceptability of the second dose of measles vaccine by knowledge level of second dose of measles vaccine. A Chi square test result indicated that second dose acceptability was higher with less children than that of respondents with many children (χ2(5) = 15.3, p and knowledge levels (χ2(2) = 14.8, p Changes in knowledge level from medium to high reduced the odds of second dose measles vaccine acceptability. Furthermore, this study showed that acceptance of the second measles vaccination increased from mothers/caretakers with low knowledge (3.6%) to medium knowledge (13.3%) and finally high knowledge (83.1%). Conclusion: Tailored messaging to increase knowledge among mothers and caregivers on the importance of the second dose of measles vaccine is critical in improving acceptability. Therefore, the researchers recommend that the health providers should continue to raise awareness associated with the low acceptability of the second dose of measles vaccine and improve on child preventable diseases such as measles.展开更多
This thesis focuses on the analysis of Harold Pinter’s use of verbal and visual means in The Caretaker. The verbal means are: the ambiguity of the meaning of language; the evasiveness of language; silence. The functi...This thesis focuses on the analysis of Harold Pinter’s use of verbal and visual means in The Caretaker. The verbal means are: the ambiguity of the meaning of language; the evasiveness of language; silence. The functions of visual means are: end-connection; theme-revelation; atmosphere-creation. A meticulous study of Pinter’s dramatic technique can enhance the understanding of the theme of the play.展开更多
Caretaker-adolescent communication is an appealing source for influencing adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes and behavior, because caretakers are an accessible and often willing source of information for their childre...Caretaker-adolescent communication is an appealing source for influencing adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes and behavior, because caretakers are an accessible and often willing source of information for their children. With the realization of the importance of caretakers in influencing adolescent behaviours, it becomes interesting to explore their perceptions about caretaker-adolescent communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH). An exploratory qualitative research design was conducted in all six districts of Unguja-Zanzibar. Twelve focus group discussions (FGDs) with caretakers who were purposively selected were conducted. Thematic analysis guided the interpretation of the data. The main themes that were identified are perceived the risk of adolescents;style, time and content of communication;barriers to parent-child communication on SRH;and helping our children pass through adolescence safely. The findings show that participants have acknowledged the apparent risky sexual behaviors of their adolescents, and that information on SRH should be offered to children before they reach puberty. Participants had the opinion that communication on SRH should be in the form of warning, threat and unidirectional. Topics such as teenage pregnancy, STIs and HIV, and drug and alcohol were proposed to be openly discussed. However, topics on condom and contraceptives use faced strong opposition. Lack of favorable time, caretakers’ limited knowledge and skills, myth on SRH communication, and being uncomfortable were among the caretaker-adolescent communication barriers identified by caretakers. The findings suggest that participants are keen to help their adolescents to avoid SRH problems, most importantly they emphasised on the need to empower caretakers by equipping them with knowledge of SRH, good communication skills and religious knowledge. Communal parenting on the other hand has been identified as the major weapon in shaping adolescents’ behaviour. This information provides insight in designing family-based intervention aiming at increasing communication about SRH between caretakers and adolescents.展开更多
This study was conducted to explore the perceptions of adolescents on caretaker-adolescent communication on sexuality. Using an Information-Motivation-Behavioural Skills model, this article highlights areas to emphasi...This study was conducted to explore the perceptions of adolescents on caretaker-adolescent communication on sexuality. Using an Information-Motivation-Behavioural Skills model, this article highlights areas to emphasise when planning strategies to improve caretaker-adolescent communication on sexuality. Twelve focus group discussions were held with adolescents aged between 15 and 19 years, and data were analysed using content analysis. The participants found it important for caretakers to communicate with adolescents about sexuality to avoid sexual and related health risks. Caretakers were the most preferred communicators, by adolescents, on sexuality matters. It became apparent that information about the use of condoms was the most unpopular topic during the discussions, while information about the use of contraceptives seemed to be more interesting to the majority of the participants. From the adolescents’ point of view, the barriers to communication about sexuality on the caretakers’ side, include, the belief that such information might encourage promiscuity;some caretakers do not find it easy to discuss matters related to sexuality with their children;and others feel that some adolescents know more about sexuality than themselves. On the other hand, barriers on adolescents’ side include, “fear” of the caretakers, some of whom seem harsh, unfriendly, and sometimes unapproachable. Following the findings, it is being suggested that intervention strategies that would help to alleviate communication barriers would consequently facilitate caretaker-adolescent discussions about sexuality and reproductive health.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Measles is a viral disease that is a major public health problem in both developed and developing countries. It is a contagious disease resulting from infection with the measles virus and is still responsible for more than 100,000 deaths per year. Although vaccination is one of the most successful and cost-effective public health interventions to reduce mortality and morbidity, approximately 1.4 million children worldwide die from vaccine-preventable diseases each year. In Zambia, MCV2 was 66% below WHO recommended target of 95%. This study therefore assessed the acceptability of second dose measles vaccination services among caretakers/mothers with children less than two years of age in Livingstone, Zambia. Methods: The study used analytical cross-sectional study design. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with acceptability of the second dose of measles vaccine. A semi structured questionnaire was administered to collect data on socio demographic characteristics and factors related to acceptability of the second dose of measles vaccine. SPSS version 26.0 was used for descriptive and inferential analysis at 5% level of significance. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in acceptability of the second dose of measles vaccine by gender, marital status, type of employment, income level, socio-cultural and traditional beliefs, and education level. However, there was a statistically significant difference in acceptability of the second dose of measles vaccine by knowledge level of second dose of measles vaccine. A Chi square test result indicated that second dose acceptability was higher with less children than that of respondents with many children (χ2(5) = 15.3, p and knowledge levels (χ2(2) = 14.8, p Changes in knowledge level from medium to high reduced the odds of second dose measles vaccine acceptability. Furthermore, this study showed that acceptance of the second measles vaccination increased from mothers/caretakers with low knowledge (3.6%) to medium knowledge (13.3%) and finally high knowledge (83.1%). Conclusion: Tailored messaging to increase knowledge among mothers and caregivers on the importance of the second dose of measles vaccine is critical in improving acceptability. Therefore, the researchers recommend that the health providers should continue to raise awareness associated with the low acceptability of the second dose of measles vaccine and improve on child preventable diseases such as measles.
文摘This thesis focuses on the analysis of Harold Pinter’s use of verbal and visual means in The Caretaker. The verbal means are: the ambiguity of the meaning of language; the evasiveness of language; silence. The functions of visual means are: end-connection; theme-revelation; atmosphere-creation. A meticulous study of Pinter’s dramatic technique can enhance the understanding of the theme of the play.
文摘Caretaker-adolescent communication is an appealing source for influencing adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes and behavior, because caretakers are an accessible and often willing source of information for their children. With the realization of the importance of caretakers in influencing adolescent behaviours, it becomes interesting to explore their perceptions about caretaker-adolescent communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH). An exploratory qualitative research design was conducted in all six districts of Unguja-Zanzibar. Twelve focus group discussions (FGDs) with caretakers who were purposively selected were conducted. Thematic analysis guided the interpretation of the data. The main themes that were identified are perceived the risk of adolescents;style, time and content of communication;barriers to parent-child communication on SRH;and helping our children pass through adolescence safely. The findings show that participants have acknowledged the apparent risky sexual behaviors of their adolescents, and that information on SRH should be offered to children before they reach puberty. Participants had the opinion that communication on SRH should be in the form of warning, threat and unidirectional. Topics such as teenage pregnancy, STIs and HIV, and drug and alcohol were proposed to be openly discussed. However, topics on condom and contraceptives use faced strong opposition. Lack of favorable time, caretakers’ limited knowledge and skills, myth on SRH communication, and being uncomfortable were among the caretaker-adolescent communication barriers identified by caretakers. The findings suggest that participants are keen to help their adolescents to avoid SRH problems, most importantly they emphasised on the need to empower caretakers by equipping them with knowledge of SRH, good communication skills and religious knowledge. Communal parenting on the other hand has been identified as the major weapon in shaping adolescents’ behaviour. This information provides insight in designing family-based intervention aiming at increasing communication about SRH between caretakers and adolescents.
文摘This study was conducted to explore the perceptions of adolescents on caretaker-adolescent communication on sexuality. Using an Information-Motivation-Behavioural Skills model, this article highlights areas to emphasise when planning strategies to improve caretaker-adolescent communication on sexuality. Twelve focus group discussions were held with adolescents aged between 15 and 19 years, and data were analysed using content analysis. The participants found it important for caretakers to communicate with adolescents about sexuality to avoid sexual and related health risks. Caretakers were the most preferred communicators, by adolescents, on sexuality matters. It became apparent that information about the use of condoms was the most unpopular topic during the discussions, while information about the use of contraceptives seemed to be more interesting to the majority of the participants. From the adolescents’ point of view, the barriers to communication about sexuality on the caretakers’ side, include, the belief that such information might encourage promiscuity;some caretakers do not find it easy to discuss matters related to sexuality with their children;and others feel that some adolescents know more about sexuality than themselves. On the other hand, barriers on adolescents’ side include, “fear” of the caretakers, some of whom seem harsh, unfriendly, and sometimes unapproachable. Following the findings, it is being suggested that intervention strategies that would help to alleviate communication barriers would consequently facilitate caretaker-adolescent discussions about sexuality and reproductive health.
