Carex species are widely used in many parts of the world and contain a large number of ecologically diverse species.Among the Carex species,some of them are known to be glycophytes,while others are halophytes.Carex mo...Carex species are widely used in many parts of the world and contain a large number of ecologically diverse species.Among the Carex species,some of them are known to be glycophytes,while others are halophytes.Carex morrowii Boott(Cyperaceae)is resistant to trample through their root structure and has an essential ornamental value in the landscape with their leaves.However,no information was found about the level of salinity tolerance/sensitivity of the Carex morrowii among these species.In the present study,changes in trace element contents(Na,K,Ca,Cu,Mn,Mg,Ni,Fe,P,Zn,and N)and their transport from roots to leaves,osmotic regulation,alterations in chlorophyll and carotenoid contents,nitrogen assimilation(nitrate reductase activity;NRA)and total soluble protein content in both roots and leaves of Carex morrowii under different salinity concentrations(50 mM,100 mM,200 mM and 300 mM NaCl)were examined in detail.Our study provides the first detailed data concerning the responses of leaves and roots and the determination of the level of salinity tolerance/sensitivity of the Carex morrowii.The K+/Na+ratio was preserved up to 200 mM NaCl,and accordingly,the element uptake and transport ratios showed that they could control moderate NaCl levels.Ca homeostasis that is maintained even in 200 mM NaCl concentration can be effective in maintaining the structural integrity and selective permeability of the cell membranes,while 300 mM NaCl concentration caused decreased photosynthetic pigments,and deterioration in element content and compartmentation.Moreover,these data suggest that plant parts of Carex morrowii respond differently against varied levels of salinity stress.Although the decrease in NR activity at 200 mM and 300 mM NaCl concentrations in the leaves,NR activity was maintained in the roots.Consequently,Carex morrowii is moderately tolerant to salinity and the carotenoid content and osmotic regulation of Carex morrowii appears to be instrumental in its survival at different salinity levels.Especially the roots of Carex morrowii have a remarkable role in salinity tolerance.展开更多
Carex rigescens （Franch.） V. Krecz is a wild turfgrass perennial species in the Carex genus that is widely distributed in salinised areas of northern China. To investigate genome-wide salt-response gene networks in ...Carex rigescens （Franch.） V. Krecz is a wild turfgrass perennial species in the Carex genus that is widely distributed in salinised areas of northern China. To investigate genome-wide salt-response gene networks in C. rigescens, transcriptome analysis using high-throughput RNA sequencing on C. rigescens exposed to a 0.4% salt treatment （Cr_Salt） was compared to a non-salt control （Cr_Ctrl）. In total, 57 742 546 and 47 063 488 clean reads were obtained from the Cr Ctrl and Cr Salt treatments, respectively. Additionally, 21 954 unigenes were found and annotated using multiple databases. Among these unigenes, 34 were found to respond to salt stress at a statistically significant level with 6 genes up-regulated and 28 downregulated. Specifically, genes encoding an EF-hand domain, ZFP and AP2 were responsive to salt stress, highlighting their roles in future research regarding salt tolerance in C. rigescens and other plants. According to our quantitative RT-PCR results, the expression pattern of all detected differentially expressed genes were consistent with the RNA-seq results. Furthermore, we identified 11 643 simple sequence repeats （SSRs） from the unigenes. A total of 144 amplified successfully in the C. rigescens cultivar LOping 1, and 69 of them reflected polymorphisms between the two genotypes tested. This is the first genome-wide transcriptome study of C. rigescens in both salt-responsive gene investigation and SSR marker exploration. Our results provide further insights into genome annotation, novel gene discovery, molecular breeding and comparative genomics in C. rigescens and related grass species.展开更多
Carex tussock plays an important role in supporting biodiversity and carbon sequestration of wetland ecosystems,while it is highly threatened by climate change and anthropogenic activities.Therefore,identifying the po...Carex tussock plays an important role in supporting biodiversity and carbon sequestration of wetland ecosystems,while it is highly threatened by climate change and anthropogenic activities.Therefore,identifying the potential distribution patterns of Carex tussocks wetland is vital for their targeted conservation and restoration.The current and future(2050s and 2070s)potential habitats distribution of Carex tussocks in Northeast China were predicted using a Maximum Entropy(Maxent)model based on 68 current data of Carex tussock distributions and three groups of environmental variables(bioclimate,topography,soil properties).Results show that isothermality,seasonal precipitation variability and altitude are important factors that determine the distribution of Carex tussock.The high suitable habitat of Carex tussock is about 5.7×10^(4)km^(2) and mainly distributed in the Sanjiang Plain,Songnen Plain,Changbai Mountains and Da Hinggan Mountains.The area of stable habitats of Carex tussock is significantly higher than the lost and expanded habitats in the future climate scenarios,and the unsuitable habitats mainly occur in Da Hinggan Mountains,Xiao Hinggan Mountains and Changbai Mountains.Overall,Carex tussock wetlands at high altitude and high latitude are more sensitive to climate change,and more attention should be invested in high latitude and high altitude areas.展开更多
文摘Carex species are widely used in many parts of the world and contain a large number of ecologically diverse species.Among the Carex species,some of them are known to be glycophytes,while others are halophytes.Carex morrowii Boott(Cyperaceae)is resistant to trample through their root structure and has an essential ornamental value in the landscape with their leaves.However,no information was found about the level of salinity tolerance/sensitivity of the Carex morrowii among these species.In the present study,changes in trace element contents(Na,K,Ca,Cu,Mn,Mg,Ni,Fe,P,Zn,and N)and their transport from roots to leaves,osmotic regulation,alterations in chlorophyll and carotenoid contents,nitrogen assimilation(nitrate reductase activity;NRA)and total soluble protein content in both roots and leaves of Carex morrowii under different salinity concentrations(50 mM,100 mM,200 mM and 300 mM NaCl)were examined in detail.Our study provides the first detailed data concerning the responses of leaves and roots and the determination of the level of salinity tolerance/sensitivity of the Carex morrowii.The K+/Na+ratio was preserved up to 200 mM NaCl,and accordingly,the element uptake and transport ratios showed that they could control moderate NaCl levels.Ca homeostasis that is maintained even in 200 mM NaCl concentration can be effective in maintaining the structural integrity and selective permeability of the cell membranes,while 300 mM NaCl concentration caused decreased photosynthetic pigments,and deterioration in element content and compartmentation.Moreover,these data suggest that plant parts of Carex morrowii respond differently against varied levels of salinity stress.Although the decrease in NR activity at 200 mM and 300 mM NaCl concentrations in the leaves,NR activity was maintained in the roots.Consequently,Carex morrowii is moderately tolerant to salinity and the carotenoid content and osmotic regulation of Carex morrowii appears to be instrumental in its survival at different salinity levels.Especially the roots of Carex morrowii have a remarkable role in salinity tolerance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31472139)
文摘Carex rigescens （Franch.） V. Krecz is a wild turfgrass perennial species in the Carex genus that is widely distributed in salinised areas of northern China. To investigate genome-wide salt-response gene networks in C. rigescens, transcriptome analysis using high-throughput RNA sequencing on C. rigescens exposed to a 0.4% salt treatment （Cr_Salt） was compared to a non-salt control （Cr_Ctrl）. In total, 57 742 546 and 47 063 488 clean reads were obtained from the Cr Ctrl and Cr Salt treatments, respectively. Additionally, 21 954 unigenes were found and annotated using multiple databases. Among these unigenes, 34 were found to respond to salt stress at a statistically significant level with 6 genes up-regulated and 28 downregulated. Specifically, genes encoding an EF-hand domain, ZFP and AP2 were responsive to salt stress, highlighting their roles in future research regarding salt tolerance in C. rigescens and other plants. According to our quantitative RT-PCR results, the expression pattern of all detected differentially expressed genes were consistent with the RNA-seq results. Furthermore, we identified 11 643 simple sequence repeats （SSRs） from the unigenes. A total of 144 amplified successfully in the C. rigescens cultivar LOping 1, and 69 of them reflected polymorphisms between the two genotypes tested. This is the first genome-wide transcriptome study of C. rigescens in both salt-responsive gene investigation and SSR marker exploration. Our results provide further insights into genome annotation, novel gene discovery, molecular breeding and comparative genomics in C. rigescens and related grass species.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41871101)the Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province(No.20190201115JC)the‘Strategic Priority Research Program’of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA23060402)。
文摘Carex tussock plays an important role in supporting biodiversity and carbon sequestration of wetland ecosystems,while it is highly threatened by climate change and anthropogenic activities.Therefore,identifying the potential distribution patterns of Carex tussocks wetland is vital for their targeted conservation and restoration.The current and future(2050s and 2070s)potential habitats distribution of Carex tussocks in Northeast China were predicted using a Maximum Entropy(Maxent)model based on 68 current data of Carex tussock distributions and three groups of environmental variables(bioclimate,topography,soil properties).Results show that isothermality,seasonal precipitation variability and altitude are important factors that determine the distribution of Carex tussock.The high suitable habitat of Carex tussock is about 5.7×10^(4)km^(2) and mainly distributed in the Sanjiang Plain,Songnen Plain,Changbai Mountains and Da Hinggan Mountains.The area of stable habitats of Carex tussock is significantly higher than the lost and expanded habitats in the future climate scenarios,and the unsuitable habitats mainly occur in Da Hinggan Mountains,Xiao Hinggan Mountains and Changbai Mountains.Overall,Carex tussock wetlands at high altitude and high latitude are more sensitive to climate change,and more attention should be invested in high latitude and high altitude areas.
