Assessment of Breast Cancer Prevention Practices among Women Attending Primary Health Care in Abha City, Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, with breast cancer being the most common (2.26 million new cases and 685,000 deaths). In Saudi Arabia, breast cancer ranked the first among females in 2014, accounting for 15.9% of all cancers reported among Saudi nationals and 28.7% of all cancers reported among females of all ages. Early detection of breast cancer could decrease the risks, have a better prognosis, and have better outcomes/more successful treatments. Prevalence of breast cancer reached more than 25% of all diagnosed cancer in the kingdom among women. Aim: This study aims to assess the knowledge and performance of women attending primary care centers about breast self-examination and mammogram screening for prevention and early detection of breast cancer in Abha city primary healthcare centers, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Research Method: cross sectional design was conducted by using questionnaire, which was distributed to primary care center nurses. The collected data was statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 25. Results: The study found that participants had poor awareness and knowledge about breast self-examination, risk factors for breast cancer, and trends and practices in early diagnosis of breast cancer. Conclusion and Recommendations: It recommends increasing awareness campaigns and providing educational programs to improve knowledge and practices.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) among People Living with HIV (PLWHIV) Attending at CTC Mawenzi Regional Hospital Kilimanjaro, Northern Tanzania

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis virus (HBV) coinfection are common due to shared modes of transmission between these viruses. Also studies have shown that HIV appears to be a risk factor for reactivation of hepatitis B in patients who have developed hepatitis B surface antibodies HBsAg which is considered as a marker of chronic HBV infection. The magnitude of HIV/HBV coinfection among people living with HIV in Tanzania is not well known. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of HBsAg among HIV Positive Clients at CTC at Mawenzi Regional Hospital. Methods: It was a cross sectional study that included 100 HIV Positive CTC clients at Mawenzi Regional Hospital. Ethical clearance was obtained at KCMUCo ethical committee, structured questionnaires with closed-ended question were used to collect the information needed done by interviewing the person, blood sample was collected from median cubital vein and HBsAg Rapid Test Strips were used. Data processing and analysis were done using SPSS version 20. Results: Of 100 HIV patients, only 8 (8%) tested positively for HBsAg. There was a significant association between residence and HBV infection. People from rural areas had high prevalence compared to urban areas (OR 8.71, 95% CI: 1.029 - 73.66). Other social demographic and clinical characteristics in this study had no significant association with HBsAg positivity. Conclusion: Significant numbers of 8% HIV patients are HBsAg positive. HIV patients from rural residency are more likely to acquire HBV than Urban residents that showed significant association.

An international study on implementation and facilitators and barriers for parent-infant closeness in neonatal units

Importance:Parent-infant closeness and active parent participation in neonatal care are important for parent and infant health.Objective:To give an overview of current neonatal settings and gain an in-depth understanding of facilitators and barriers to parent-infant closeness,zero-separation,in 19 countries.Methods:Neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)professionals,representing 45 NICUs from a range of geographic regions in Europe and Canada,were purposefully selected and interviewed June–December 2018.Thematic analysis was conducted to identify,analyze and report patterns(themes)for parent-infant closeness across the entire series of interviews.Results:Parent-infant separation during infant and/or maternity care is very common(42/45 units,93%),despite the implementation of family integrated care(FICare)practices,including parent participation in medical rounds(17/45,38%),structured education sessions for parents(16/45,36%)and structured training for healthcare professionals(22/45,49%).NICU professionals encountered four main themes with facilitators and barriers for parent-infant closeness on and between the hospital,unit,staff,and family level:Culture(jointly held characteristics,values,thinking and behaviors about parental presence and participation in the unit),Collaboration(the act of working together between and within different levels),Capacities(resources and policies),andCoaching(education to acquire and transfer knowledge and skills).Interpretation:Implementing parent-infant closeness in the NICU is still challenging for healthcare professionals.Further optimization in neonatal care towards zero-separation and parent-infant closeness can be achieved by enforcing the’’four Cs for Closeness’:Culture,Collaboration,Capacities,andCoaching.