High-Yielding and Carotenoid-Rich Clones Identification among Thirty-One Cassava Clones with Colored Flesh

Cassava is the second most important food crop produced and consumed in Côte d’Ivoire, after yam. White-fleshed varieties, which are low in total carotenoids, are widespread, while coloured-fleshed varieties (yellow to orange), carotenoid-rich, are rare. However, the consumption of carotenoid-rich cassava varieties could help to alleviate health problems related to vitamin A deficiency. This study aims to identify high agronomic performance, carotenoid-rich and versatile cassava varieties among 31 clones introduced from IITA. They were compared to three controls, Bocou2, Yacé and Bonou2, according to agronomic and technological parameters. Results found that out of the 31 clones, six (I082425, I084157, I084563, I085894, I083774 and I070520) were more productive than the control Bocou2 (46.01 ± 14.88 t·ha-1);the clone I083774 had the highest yield (55.88 ± 6.16 t·ha-1). Twenty-one clones had dry matter contents, ranging from 37% to 41%, significantly similar to Yacé control (42.70%). Thirteen clones had highest total carotenoid contents than the control Bocou2. Clones I084157 and I082425 recorded the highest total carotenoid contents with 17.57 ± 1.92 and 18.39 ± 1.19 μg·g-1 respectively. Overall 31 tested clones were fibrous to varying degrees while 27 clones had mild or neutral post-cooking flavours and 17 clones had poor cooking. The clone I084157 is the best compromise of agronomic and technological desired traits.

野菊花类胡萝卜素类色素的稳定性研究

研究野菊花类胡萝卜素类色素在不同情况下的稳定性,结果表明:光照射下野菊花类胡萝卜素类色素褪色明显。处理温度从0℃升至100℃时,色素的保存率从99.50%增加至113.91%。低pH对色素有减色作用,高pH有增色作用,当pH升到9.0以后保存率大于100.00%。色素遇金属离子表现为变色,Ca2+减色效果明显,除Fe3+外的其它各试验离子都有絮状物形成。糖、酸、防腐剂、还原剂、氧化剂、抗氧化剂等对色素保存率的影响不明显,但有悬浮物产生。

玉米黄质的研究进展及展望

玉米黄质是天然的类胡萝卜素之一,因最先在玉米中被提取而得名。鉴于玉米黄质在预防老年性黄斑变性(致盲的主要原因)、白内障、心血管疾病和癌症等方面起着重要的作用,且人体自身不能合成它,只能从膳食中获得,人们开始对作物中的玉米黄质的研究重视起来。此文结合国内外最新的研究进展对玉米黄质的性质和来源,它的生理功能和生物合成以及玉米黄质的提取、测定方法和在食品工业等方面的应用进行了综述,并对目前富含玉米黄质作物的研究工作的重点做了展望。