Early diagnostic value of carotid artery ultrasound parameters combined with epicardial adipose layer thickness in coronary heart disease

BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease is associated with coronary atherosclerosis indicated by carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT)thickening and altered vascular elasticity.The epicardial adipose layer can secrete proinflammatory factors that promote the formation of coronary atherosclerosis.Thus,the epicardial fat layer thickness(EAT)may also predict coronary heart disease.AIM To determine the role of common carotid artery ultrasound parameters and EAT in the early diagnosis of coronary artery disease.METHODS Based on coronary angiography,patients with newly suspected coronary heart disease were divided into case(n=107)and control(n=41)groups.The carotid ultrasound parameters,including vascular stiffness(β),elastic coefficient(EP),pulse wave conduction velocity(PWV-β),CIMT,and EAT were compared between the case and control groups and among patients with different lesion numbers in the case group.Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the early diagnostic value of EAT,common carotid artery elasticity,and CIMT for coronary heart disease.RESULTS EP,β,PWV-β,CIMT,and EAT were significantly higher in the case group compared with the levels in the control group(all P<0.001).In the case group,lesions were detected in one vessel in 34 patients,two vessels in 38 patients,and three vessels in 35 patients.Within the case group,β,EP,PWV-β,CIMT,and EAT levels significantly increased with an increased number of lesions(all P<0.001).EAT positively correlated withβ,EP,PWV-β,and CIMT(all P<0.01).The area under the curve for diagnosing coronary heart disease using EAT combined with CIMT and carotid elasticity was 0.893,and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.890 and 0.837.CONCLUSION EAT correlated well with changes in carotid artery elasticity and CIMT in patients with coronary heart disease.The combination of EAT,carotid artery elasticity,and CIMT facilitates the early diagnosis of coronary heart disease.

Quality control of ultrasonic measurement of carotid artery intima-media thickness

Background To report quality control methods and baseline reproducibility data of the ultrasound measurements of carotid artery intima-media thickness in the project of Establishment of an Integrated System for Coronary Heart Disease Prevention and Treatment. Methods Standard ultrasound scanning and measuring protocols were established by the study group. All sonographers and readers were trained by the carotid ultrasound core lab and all digital ultrasound images were centrally read. Ten subjects were scanned twice （with 1 week interval） by 2 sonographers independently and images were read by a single reader to evaluate the sonographer variability. Twenty subjects＇ images were read twice （with 1 week interval） by a single reader to assess the reader variability and the reproducibility of IMT measured at different carotid segments. Results The intraclass correlation （ICC） of intra- and inter-sonographer and intra- reader for mean IMT measurements was 0.99, 0.98 and 0.97 respectively; while for max IMT, it was 0.97, 0.99 and 0.95 respectively. Among different carotid segments and sites, ICC for mean 1MT measurements of common carotid （CCA）, carotid artery bulb （Bulb）, internal carotid artery （ICA）, overall near wall and overall far wall was 0.97, 0.99, 0.89, 0.93 and 0.98 respectively. Conclusion The reproducibility of IMT measurements according to our protocol is acceptable, although better reproducibility is found when measuring the mean IMT than max IMT, CCA and Bulb IMT than ICA IMT, and far wall IMT than near wall IMT.

Clinical and dietary predictors of common carotid artery intima media thickness in a population with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study

AIM To determine the clinical and dietary predictors of common carotid artery intima media thickness(CCA IMT) in a cohort of subjects with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. METHODS Participants with type 1(n = 23) and type 2 diabetes(n = 127) had mean and mean maximum CCA IMT measured using B mode ultrasound. Dietary intake was measured using a food frequency questionnaire. Clinical and dietary predictors of mean and mean maximum CCA IMT were determined using linear regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS The main predictors of mean and mean maximum CCA IMT were age and weight. After multivariate adjustment there were no dietary predictors of CCA IMT. However,in subjects that were not prescribed a lipid lowering medication alcohol consumption was positively associated with CCA IMT after multivariate adjustment. No difference existed in CCA IMT between subjects with type 1 or type 2 diabetes once age was adjusted for. CONCLUSION CCA IMT was predominantly predicted by age and weight in these subjects with diabetes. The finding that CCA IMT was not different between people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes warrants further investigation in a larger cohort.

Coronary atherosclerosis burden is not advanced in patients with β-thalassemia despite premature extracardiac atherosclerosis： a coronary artery calcium score and carotid intima-media thickness study

Background Thalassemic patients demonstrate an increased rate of extracardiae vascular complications and increased carotid wall intima-media thickness （cIMT）, but very low prevalence of coronary artery disease （CAD）. We investigated the atheroma burden by assessing the coronary artery calcium （CAC） and elMT in these patients. Methods We examined 37 patients with β-thalassemia and 150 healthy control volunteers with multi-detector computer tomography （CT） and ultrasonography to determine CAC score and cIMT, respectively. Results Propensity score matching （C-statistic： 0.88; 95% CI： 0.83-0.93） resulted in 27 pairs of patients; severe CAC was observed in 2 （7.4%） and 0 of β-thalassemia patients and healthy volunteers respectively （P = 0.5）. Median calcium score was 0 （0-0） in β-thalassemia patients and 0 （0-4） in healthy volunteers （P = 0.8）. Median intima-media thickness was higher in β-thalassemia patients compared to control group [0.45 （0.06-0.65） vs. 0.062 （0.054-0.086）; P = 0.04]. Conclusions Patients with β-thalassemia in comparison with healthy control subjects exhibit similar CAC score and increased cIMT. Our findings indicate a disparate rate of progression of atherosclerosis between coronary and extracardiac arteries in these patients lending support to the epidemiological evidence.

Relationship between peripheral arterial disease, carotid intima-media thickness and C-reactive protein in elderly diabetic patients

Purpose: To study the association between carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) level as markers for PAD in elderly patients with DM. Subjects: A case-control study on 90 participants aged 60 years and older divided into 60 cases (30 patients with DM alone and 30 patients with DM and comorbidities) and 30 healthy controls. All were assessed by measuring CIMT, ankle brachial index (AB), and markers for cardiovascular disease such as high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL). Results: hs-CRP levels showed statistically significant difference being highest among patients with DM and comorbidities and lowest among controls (P < 0.001). Also, symptoms of PAD were significantly higher among cases than controls. ABI was able to detect PAD in many asymptomatic patients. Color changes were present in only 43.30% (n = 26) of positive PAD cases while delayed wound healing, claudication pain, rest pain, cold extremities, and trophic changes were present in 23.30% (n = 14), 16.71% (n = 10), 16.71% (n = 10), 45.00% (n = 27), and 21.7% (n = 13). Using logistic regression analysis revealed that DM, CIMT, and hs-CRP were independent predictors for PAD (OR = 4.194, 7.236, 1.003;P value = 0.044, 0.25, 0.031) after adjustment of other coronary risk factors such as sex, smoking, hypertension, TC, and TG. Conclusion: Diabetic elderly have higher prevalence of asymptomatic PAD thannon-diabetics using solely ABI. DM, CIMT, and hs-CRP are independent predictors for the occurrence of PAD. Hs-CRP levels are highest among diabetics with comorbidities.

A REVIEW ON ARTERY WALL SEGMENTATION TECHNIQUES AND INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS MEASUREMENT FOR CAROTID ULTRASOUND IMAGES

Stroke and heart attack,which could be led by a kind of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease named as atherosclerosis,would seriously cause human morbidity and mortality.It is important for the early stage diagnosis and monitoring medical intervention of the atherosclerosis.Carotid stenosis is a classical atherosclerotic lesion with vessel wall narrowing down and accumulating plaques burden.The carotid artery of intima-media thickness(IMT)is a key indicator to the disease.With the development of computer assisted diagnosis technology,the imaging techniques,segmentation algorithms,measurement methods,and evaluation tools have made considerable progress.Ultrasound imaging,being real-time,economic,reliable,and safe,now seems to become a standard in vascular assessment methodology especially for the measurement of IMT.This review firstly attempts to discuss the clinical relevance of measurements in clinical practice at first,and then followed by the challenges that one has to face when approaching the segmentation of ultrasound images.Secondly,the commonly used methods for the IMT segmentation and measurement are presented.Thirdly,discussion and evaluation of different segmentation techniques are performed.An overview of summary and future perspectives is given finally.

Metformin effect on internal carotid artery blood flow assessed by area under the curve of carotid artery Doppler in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome

BACKGROUND Insulin resistance(IR)was reported in most polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS)cases.Metformin,a biguanide drug,successfully reduced IR.Homeostatic Model Assessment for IR(HOMA-IR)and Doppler parameters assessed metformin's effectiveness.AIM To verify whether the area under the curve of the internal carotid artery(AUC-ICA)Doppler wave can be a useful marker for assessing IR among PCOS cases who presented with menstrual irregularity and were treated with metformin over 6 mo.METHODS An observational,cross-sectional study recruited 54 eligible PCOS women;the anthropometrics were as follows:age,body mass index(BMI),menstrual cycle days,biochemical serum cholesterol,low and high-density lipoprotein,sex hormone-binding globulin,fasting blood glucose,and HOMA-IR,hormonal testosterone,luteinizing hormone over follicle-stimulating hormone ratio,and ultrasonic pulsatility index(PI)and resistance index(RI),carotid artery intima-media thickness(CIMT)and(AUC-ICA)parameters were initially recorded and repeated 3 mo and 6 mo later with metformin tab 500 mg;three times/day for 6 mo.In addition,AUC-ICA was assessed by taking repeated systolic and diastolic wave height measurements.RESULTS Metformin caused a progressive reduction in BMI,menstrual cycle days,biochemical hormonal,and Doppler parameters(CIMT,PI,RI,and AUC-ICA).AUC-ICA correlated strongly to all PCOS parameters.AUC-ICA correlated inversely with treatment time(r=-0.98,P<0.001)and positively with HOMA-IR(r=0.98,P<0.0001).Via the best subset regression model,the AUC-ICA had the highest predictive value for HOMA-IR.CONCLUSION AUC-ICA preceded PI,RI,and CIMT with a strong,meaningful correlation to all PCOS parameters,making it a reliable marker for the assessment of IR,especially during metformin therapy.Further studies are recommended to promote the application in practice.

Comparison of ultrasound-measured properties of the common carotid artery to tobacco smoke exposure in a cohort of Indonesian patients

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to use point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS) to investigate the relationship between tobacco smoke exposure and the characteristics of the common carotid artery(CCA). The effect of both primary and secondary smoking on CCA properties was evaluated.METHODS: We performed a prospective cross-sectional study across 20 primary care clinics in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia in July 2016. Point of care ultrasound was performed on a convenience sample of Indonesian patients presenting to clinic. The CCA wall stiffness and carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT) were measured during diastole and systole. These measurements were correlated with smoke exposure and cardiovascular disease.RESULTS: We enrolled 663 patients in the study, with 426 patients enrolled in the smoking category and 237 patients enrolled in the second-hand smoke category. There was an overall positive correlation with the measured lifestyle factors and the ultrasound-measured variables in the group of individuals who smoked. For all variables, age seemed to contribute the most out of all of the lifestyle factors for the positive changes in CIMT and CCA wall stiffness.CONCLUSION: Our data yielded correlations between CCA properties and cardiovascular risk, as well as between CIMT and arterial stiffness. We were also able to demonstrate an increase in thickness of the CIMT in patients who have been exposed by tobacco through the use of ultrasound. Further large scale studies comparing patients with multiple cardiac risk factors need to be performed to confi rm the utility of ultrasound fi ndings of cardiovascular disease and stroke.

TyG和TyG-BMI与冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性

目的分析冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化与TyG及TyG-BMI的关系。方法选取2021年1月~2022年12月天津市人民医院心内科收治并进行冠脉造影和颈动脉超声检查患者592例为研究对象。依据冠脉造影结果分为正常对照组(n=103)及CAD组(n=489)。收集患者临床资料,计算TyG指数和TyG-BMI水平。分析TyG和TyG-BMI与冠心病患者颈动脉病变程度的相关性。结果与正常对照组比较,CAD组TyG指数和TyGBMI水平明显升高(均P<0.01)。按照Gensini评分三分位数将患者分为三组,中分组(均P<0.05)和高分组(均P<0.01)TyG指数和TyG-BMI水平显著高于低分组。高分组TyG指数和TyG-BMI水平显著高于中分组(均P<0.01)。Spearman相关性分析显示TyG与TyG-BMI和Gensini评分呈现正相关,且TyG指数关联性更强(均P<0.01)。与颈动脉正常组相比,颈动脉粥样硬化组TyG指数更高(P<0.01),TyG-BMI更高(P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析发现年龄(OR=1.114,95%CI:1.05~1.18,P<0.01)与高血压(OR=2.913,95%CI:1.27~6.70,P<0.05)是颈动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素),HDL-C(OR=0.108,95%CI:0.03~0.43,P<0.01)是保护因素。多元Logistic回归分析结果提示高水平TyG和TyG-BMI是颈动脉斑块形成的危险因素。以颈动脉正常为参照,排除混杂因素(如性别、年龄、BMI、收缩压、吸烟史、高血压病史、糖尿病史、药物服用情况)后,高TyG指数组CAD患者发生颈动脉斑块形成的风险是低TyG组的2.56倍,高TyG-BMI组发生颈动脉斑块的风险是低水平TyG-BMI组的4.35倍。Spearman相关性分析发现,TyG指数和颈动脉斑块厚度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而TyGBMI和斑块厚度无相关。ROC曲线分析结果显示,TyG指数对冠心病患者合并颈动脉斑块形成具有较好的预测价值。结论TyG指数和TyG-BMI是冠心病患者颈动脉斑块形成的危险因素,且TyG指数对颈动脉斑块的预测价值优于TyG-BMI。

早发型2型糖尿病患者子女颈动脉全息血管硬度及影响因素分析

目的评估早发型2型糖尿病患者子女颈动脉弹性功能,并分析影响其弹性的因素。资料与方法前瞻性分析2020年10月—2021年8月河南省人民医院2型糖尿病患者子女63例,根据其父母糖尿病发病年龄(<40岁为早发型,≥40岁为晚发型)分为父母早发糖尿病子女组(早发组,32例)和父母晚发糖尿病子女组(晚发组,31例)。同期选择32例年龄、性别及体重指数相匹配的健康志愿者作为对照组。应用全息血管内-中膜厚度测量和全息血管硬度分析技术测量受试者颈总动脉内-中膜厚度、血管壁位移、血管收缩期管径、硬度指数和脉搏波传导速度,比较上述参数的组间差异。结果早发组颈动脉内-中膜厚度、脉搏波传导速度、硬度指数高于晚发组及对照组(t=0.054~1.228,P均<0.05),血管壁位移低于晚发组及对照组(t=0.048、0.109,P<0.05)。结论2型糖尿病患者子女颈动脉僵硬度明显高于正常对照组,且早发组的颈动脉弹性下降较晚发组更明显。

非酒精性脂肪性肝病严重程度与颈动脉斑块、内-中膜厚度相关性研究及危险因素分析

目的:探讨非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)严重程度与颈动脉斑块、内-中膜厚度(cIMT)之间的关系,并分析其危险因素。方法:收集2021年1至11月行肝脏、颈动脉超声检查并诊断为NAFLD的患者154例,评估患者NAFLD严重程度、颈动脉斑块及血管狭窄程度测量患者cIMT值,计算肝纤维化评分,并进行统计学分析。结果:NAFLD轻度组患者cIMT值、血管狭窄发生率低于中-重度组患者(W=6905.500,P<0.001);有颈动脉斑块组患者cIMT值明显高于无颈动脉斑块组患者(W=3361.500,P<0.001);BMI是NAFLD严重程度的独立危险因素,年龄和NAFLD严重程度是cIMT的独立危险因素,年龄、高血压、肝纤维化评分是颈动脉斑块出现的独立危险因素,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:NAFLD患者cIMT的增加、颈动脉狭窄与NAFLD严重程度有关,其颈动脉斑块发生率与cIMT呈正相关。另外,其肝纤维化评分增加,对颈动脉斑块出现也有提示意义。

急性脑梗死患者血清CTRP3及CTRP9水平与颈总动脉内膜中层厚度的相关性分析

目的 探讨急性脑梗死患者血清C1q/肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白(CTRP)3和CTRP9水平与颈总动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的相关性。方法 前瞻性纳入2020年12月至2023年5月河北北方学院附属第一医院收治的急性脑梗死患者87例作为观察组,另选取同期在该院体检的健康者85名作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验法检测两组研究对象血清中CTRP3、CTRP9水平,并通过彩色多普勒超声系统测量颈总动脉IMT。比较两组研究对象的血清CTRP3、CTRP9水平及颈总动脉IMT,比较两组研究对象的颈总动脉硬化程度,不同动脉硬化程度急性脑梗死患者血清CTRP3、CTRP9水平,分析血清CTRP3,CTRP9水平与急性脑梗死患者颈总动脉IMT的相关性。结果 观察组患者的血清CTRP3、CTRP9水平分别为(238.34±65.23)、(138.34±52.65)ng/mL,均明显低于对照组[(372.14±83.47)、(249.25±78.32)ng/mL],颈总动脉IMT为(1.34±0.41) mm,显著高于对照组[(0.74±0.12)mm],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的颈总动脉硬化程度正常占比为9.20%,明显低于对照组(72.94%),内膜增厚和斑块形成占比分别为31.03%、57.47%,均明显高于对照组(17.64%、9.41%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随着颈总动脉IMT的增加,血清CTRP3和CTRP9的水平显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清CTRP3和CTRP9水平与颈总动脉IMT均呈负相关(r=-0.461、-0.592,P<0.05),而CTRP3和CTRP9之间呈正相关(r=0.498,P<0.05)。结论 急性脑梗死患者血清CTRP3和CTRP9水平与颈总动脉IMT有明显负相关性。CTRP3和CTRP9可能作为动脉粥样硬化和急性脑梗死的潜在生物标志物,为临床预测和干预缺血性脑卒中提供重要信息。

老年钙化性心脏瓣膜病患者Crouse积分、IMT与瓣膜钙化程度的关系

目的探讨老年钙化性心脏瓣膜病患者颈动脉斑块积分(Crouse积分)、内膜中层厚度(intima media thickness,IMT)与瓣膜钙化程度的关系。方法回顾性分析2020年4月至2023年3月收治的106例老年钙化性心脏瓣膜病患者的临床资料(观察组)。另选择90例颈动脉粥样硬化的非心脏瓣膜病患者作为对照组1、选取95例非老年钙化性心脏瓣膜病患者作为对照组2。单因素方差分析检验三组Crouse积分、IMT、管腔狭窄程度及老年钙化性心脏瓣膜病不同心瓣膜钙化程度患者Crouse积分、IMT。Pearson分析Crouse积分、IMT与心瓣膜钙化程度的相关性;受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析Crouse积分、IMT对老年钙化性心脏瓣膜病患者瓣膜钙化的预测价值。结果观察组Crouse积分、IMT、管腔狭窄程度均明显高于对照组1和对照组2(P<0.05)。老年钙化性心脏瓣膜病不同心瓣膜钙化程度患者Crouse积分、IMT比较:1级<2级<3级(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,Crouse积分、IMT与老年钙化性心脏瓣膜病瓣膜钙化程度均呈明显正相关关系(r=0.585、0.623,P<0.05)。绘制Crouse积分、IMT预测老年钙化性心脏瓣膜病患者瓣膜钙化的ROC曲线示,Crouse积分、IMT联合预测的AUC为0.802(95%CI为0.738~0.867),明显高于各指标单一预测的AUC,最佳诊断敏感度和特异度分别为0.887、0.794(P<0.05)。结论老年钙化性心脏瓣膜病患者Crouse积分、IMT存在异常增高,且与瓣膜钙化程度呈正相关,测量上述指标有助于对心脏瓣膜钙化程度进行评估。

冠心病患者彩超下颈动脉弹性指标及心外膜脂肪层厚度与病情严重程度的关系分析

目的分析冠心病(CHD)患者彩超下颈动脉弹性指标、心外膜脂肪层厚度(EFT)与病情严重程度的关系。方法选取2019年1月至2022年2月赣州市中医院收治的120例CHD患者作为实验组,根据患者病情严重程度分为A组(轻度,n=30)、B组(中度,n=48)、C组(重度,n=42),另选取同期接受健康检查的50名健康者作为对照组。采用彩超检查患者颈动脉弹性指标、EFT并探讨两者与病情严重程度的关系。结果实验组内中膜厚度(IMT)、血管僵硬度(β)、弹性模量(Ep)均高于对照组,脉搏波传导速度(PWV-β)快于对照组,顺应性(AC)低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。C组IMT、β、Ep均高于A组和B组,PWV-β快于A组和B组,AC低于A组和B组,且B组Ep高于A组,PWV-β快于A组,AC低于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余组间两两比较差异无统计学意义。实验组EFT厚于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);C组EFT厚于B组、A组,B组厚于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,IMT、β、Ep、AC、EFT升高,PWV-β加快,AC降低是影响CHD患者病情严重程度的独立危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论IMT、β、Ep、AC、EFT升高,PWV-β加快,AC降低是影响CHD患者病情严重程度的独立危险因素,颈动脉弹性指标、EFT可作为评估CHD患者疾病严重程度的重要指标,值得临床推广应用。

颈动脉斑块负荷联合超声定量参数在评估急性脑梗死患者神经功能缺损程度中的应用价值

目的探讨颈动脉斑块负荷联合超声定量参数在评估急性脑梗死(ACI)患者神经功能缺损程度中的应用价值。方法选取2020年1月至2023年1月河南中医药大学第一附属医院收治的106例ACI患者作为研究对象,所有患者均接受彩色多普勒超声检查。采用国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评估ACI患者神经功能缺损程度,并以此分为轻度缺损组、中度缺损组及重度缺损组。比较不同组别ACI患者颈动脉斑块负荷指标与超声定量参数,使用Pearson相关性检验颈动脉斑块负荷指标、超声定量参数与患者NIHSS评分的相关性;绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析颈动脉斑块负荷指标联合超声定量参数对ACI患者神经功能缺损程度的评估价值。结果106例ACI患者中,轻度、中度缺损组各35例,重度缺损组36例。重度缺损组斑块厚度、管壁面积、血管总面积及标准化管壁指数(NWI)高于中度、轻度缺损组,且中度缺损组高于轻度缺损组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);重度缺损组管腔面积低于中度、轻度缺损组,中度缺损组低于轻度缺损组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。重度缺损组颈总动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)、舒张末期血流速度(EDV)高于中度、轻度缺损组,中度缺损组高于轻度缺损组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);重度缺损组颈总动脉收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)低于中度、轻度缺损组,中度缺损组低于轻度缺损组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性检验显示,斑块厚度、管壁面积、血管总面积、NWI、IMT、EDV与NIHSS评分呈正相关(r>0,P<0.05),PSV、管腔面积与NIHSS评分呈负相关(r<0,P<0.05)。绘制ROC曲线,结果显示,颈动脉斑块负荷指标联合超声定量参数对中度、重度神经功能缺损均有较高的评估价值,曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.936、0.987。结论颈动脉斑块负荷联合超声定量参数可有效评估ACI患者的神经功能缺损程度。

普罗布考联合他汀类药物治疗颈动脉斑块的meta分析

目的探究普罗布考联合他汀类药物治疗颈动脉斑块的疗效。方法以“普罗布考”“他汀”“颈动脉”为中文关键词,检索中文数据库中国知网、维普网、万方数据库,以“carotid artery”“probucol”“statins”为英文关键词,检索英文数据库PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase,筛选普罗布考联合他汀类药物治疗颈动脉斑块的随机对照试验。检索时间为数据库建立至2023年12月17日。以单用他汀类药物治疗为对照组,他汀类药物联合普罗布考治疗为联合治疗组。参照Cochrane偏倚风险评估对纳入的研究进行质量评价。主要结局指标包括颈动脉内-中膜厚度(intima-media thickness,IMT),次要结局指标包括TC水平、hs-CRP水平、卒中事件发生等。采用RevMan 5.1软件进行meta分析。结果最终纳入11项随机对照试验,共纳入3251例患者。meta分析显示,在降低I MT方面,联合治疗组优于对照组[标准化均数差(standardized mean difference,SMD)-0.93,95%CI-1.66~-0.20,P<0.001];在降低TC水平方面,联合治疗组优于对照组(SMD-1.08,95%CI-1.60~-0.55,P<0.001);在降低hs-CRP水平方面,两组差异无统计学意义(SMD-1.22,95%CI-2.48~0.04,P=0.060);在减少卒中事件发生方面,联合治疗组优于对照组(RR 0.34,95%CI 0.17~0.65,P=0.001)。结论普罗布考联合他汀类药物治疗颈动脉斑块疗效更优,可降低患者的TC水平,并减少卒中事件发生。

血清LHR、SAA与ACS患者颈动脉粥样斑块稳定性的相关性分析

目的探讨低密度脂蛋白胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(LHR)、血清淀粉酶样蛋白A(SAA)与急性冠脉综合症(ACS)患者颈动脉粥样斑块稳定性的相关性。方法选取2022年1月至2023年1月ACS患者147例和健康对照患者30例,根据颈动脉B超结果将ACS患者分为不稳定斑块组、稳定斑块组及无斑块组。比较ACS三个亚组一般临床资料及血清LHR、SAA水平;评估ACS患者颈动脉斑块性质与两种血清因子的相关性。结果三组患者血清SAA、LHR、IMT比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清LHR、SAA与IMT均呈正相关。ROC曲线分析显示血清LHR、SAA对ACS患者不稳定斑块具有诊断意义(P<0.05),且2者联合诊断价值优于单项,AUC值达0.753。结论ACS患者血清SAA、LHR与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成及稳定性相关,可作为早期识别不稳定斑块的诊断指标。

颈动脉超声相关参数与冠脉粥样硬化病变程度的相关性

目的:研究颈动脉超声相关参数与冠脉粥样硬化病变程度的相关性。方法:依据冠脉病变支数,于我院行冠脉造影确诊的116例冠心病患者被分为单支病变组(38例)、双支病变组(39例)与≥3支病变组(39例),选择同期健康体检者41例作为健康对照组。比较各组一般临床资料、颈动脉超声参数,并分析其与冠脉粥样硬化病变程度的相关性。结果:与健康对照组比较,单支病变组、双支病变组、≥3支病变组总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平、颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)、Crouse积分均显著升高,双支病变组、≥3支病变组斑块回声灰阶中位数(GSM)均显著降低;与单支病变组比较,双支病变组、≥3支病变组TG、LDL-C水平、Gensini积分、Crouse积分及≥3支病变组TC水平均显著升高,≥3支病变组斑块回声GSM显著降低;与双支病变组比较,≥3支病变组TC水平、Gensini积分、Crouse积分均显著升高,斑块回声GSM显著降低(P<0.05或<0.01)。Pearson相关性分析显示,冠心病患者Gensini积分与Crouse积分呈显著正相关(r=0.580,P=0.001);Spearman相关性分析显示,IMT与冠脉病变支数呈显著正相关(r=0.582,P=0.001),斑块回声GSM与其呈显著负相关(r=-0.518,P=0.001)。结论:颈动脉超声相关参数与冠脉粥样硬化病变程度呈显著相关性。

超声检测无名动脉及右锁骨下动脉IMT病变在60岁以下成人中的应用价值

目的:研究超声检测无名动脉分叉部(innominate artery bifurcation,INA Bif)及右锁骨下动脉起始部(right subclavian artery origin,RSCA Ori)内中膜厚度病变在60岁以下成人中的临床应用价值。方法:随机选取于本院行颈部血管超声检查的体检者685例,按年龄分为4组,对他们的颈动脉、椎动脉、RSCA Ori、INA Bif的内中膜厚度(intimamedia thickness,IMT)病变情况及各血管管腔血流情况进行检测。结果:INA Bif和RSCA Ori显示欠清6例,超声显示满意度99.12%。单纯性INA Bif或RSCA Ori IMT病变例数远高于单纯性颈动脉IMT病变例数。结论:超声检测INA Bif及RSCA Ori IMT病变相对于单纯检测颈动脉IMT病变的敏感度大大提高,能更早期提示动脉粥样硬化,指导临床干预,具有重要临床意义。

泽泻汤加减对老年原发性高血压1级痰湿壅盛证患者的疗效研究

目的 观察泽泻汤加减对老年原发性高血压1级(极高危)痰湿壅盛证患者的临床疗效。方法 选取2021年5月—2023年4月本院老年病科收治的103例原发性高血压1级(极高危)老年患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组(n=51)与研究组(n=52)。对照组给予生活方式干预,研究组在对照组基础上使用泽泻汤加减治疗。治疗2周后,比较2组疗效、中医证候积分、血压、血脂水平以及最大颈动脉内膜中层厚度(dIMTmax)。结果 研究组总有效率为90.38%,高于对照组的56.86%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组主症、次症积分均较治疗前降低,且研究组主症、次症积分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组收缩压、舒张压均较治疗前下降,且研究组收缩压、舒张压低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平均较治疗前降低,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平较治疗前升高,且研究组总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平低于对照组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组dIMTmax为(0.92±0.12) mm,小于对照组的(1.10±0.15) mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 泽泻汤加减治疗能有效改善老年原发性高血压患者的临床症状,调节血压、血脂水平,减轻血管内皮损伤,减小颈动脉内膜中层厚度。