THE RELATION BETWEEN CHRONIC HBsAg CARRIER STATE AND GENETIC FACTOR

HBsAg positive families including 375 indiduals were investigated in genetic epidemiology.The results showed the HBsAg carrier rate of the blood relatives was significantly higherthan that of the non-blood relatives(P<0.01).The HBsAg carrier rate decreased with the degreeof relatives,that is,the HBsAg carrier rate of the lst degree relatives was higher than that of the 2nddegree relatives and the HBsAg carrier rate or the 2nd degree relatives wus higher than that of the3rd degree relatives(P<0.01).The HBsAg carrier rate of the individuals living together with theprobands was higher than that of those living apart (P<0.01).But the other two marker of HBVinfectivity,anti-HBs and anti-HBc didn't show significant difference mentioned above.The resultsanalysed by means of Logistic Regression model showed blood relationship played an important rolein HBsAg carrier state.In addition,the history of common environment was associated with HBsAgcarrier state.The average of heritability in the 1st,2nd,3rd degree relatives was 88.80%.Analysis.of genetic model showed HBsAg carrier saute corresponded to the ckaracteristic of multifactorial genetic disease,excluding the possibility of single gene genetic disease.

Supplementary Material: Stepping Stone Mechanism: Carrier-Free Long-Range Magnetism Mediated by Magnetized Cation States in Quintuple Layer

The long-range magnetism observed in group-V tellurides quintuple layers is the only working example of carrierfree dilute magnetic semiconductors（DMS）, whereas the physical mechanism is unclear, except the speculation on the band topology enhanced van Vleck paramagnetism. Based on DFT calculations, we find a stable longrange ferromagnetic order in a single quintuple layer of Cr-doped Bi_2Te_3 or Sb_2Te_3, with the dopant separation more than 9 ？. This configuration is the global energy minimum among all configurations. Different from the conventional super exchange theory, the magnetism is facilitated by the lone pair derived anti-bonding states near the cations. Such anti-bonding states work as stepping stones merged in the electron sea and conduct magnetism.Further, spin orbit coupling induced band inversion is found to be insignificant in the magnetism. Therefore, our findings directly dismiss the common misbelief that band topology is the only factor that enhances the magnetism.We further demonstrate that removal of the lone pair derived states destroys the long-range magnetism. This novel mechanism sheds light on the fundamental understanding of long-range magnetism and may lead to discoveries of new classes of DMS.

纳米CMOS器件中热载流子产生缺陷局域分布的表征

本文针对纳米小尺寸CMOS器件,提出了一种根据表面势模型表征热载流子产生电荷陷阱和界面态局域分布的方法。热载流子注入(Hot Carrier Injectione,HCI)应力会在栅氧化层和Si/SiO_(2)界面中产生电荷陷阱和界面态,随着应力时间递增,这些缺陷的增多引起阈值电压等器件参数的漂移,在漏致势垒降低(Drain Induced Barrier Lowering,DIBL)效应下,可以选取表面势最大值处的阈值电压偏移量来表征沟道相应位置处HCI致电荷陷阱和界面态。研究发现,通过测量施加HCI应力前后器件阈值电压偏移量随源/漏极电压的分布,结合表面势模型计算出源/漏极电压随沟道表面势峰值的分布,可以得到HCI致电荷陷阱和界面态沿沟道的局域分布。利用此方法,精确地表征了在32 nm CMOS器件中HCI应力引起的电荷陷阱和界面态沿沟道的分布,并进一步分析了HCI效应的产生机理。

基于改进舰尾流模型和多层耦合分析的机载雷达测量建模

为提高复杂海洋环境中无人舰载机(Unmanned carrier-based aircraft, UCA)自动着舰时导航定位的准确性,研究舰尾流对机载雷达测量过程的动态影响问题,建立一种基于多层级耦合性分析的测量影响动态建模分析方法.首先,利用直接分解法和前向差分法建立一种基于离散化状态空间的时变舰尾流模型,以克服传统传递函数方法存在的局限性;其次,基于舰尾流各分量均与飞机飞行速度相关的客观事实,通过在时变系统中考虑舰尾流分量间的相互作用关系来构建一种更符合实际系统特征的分量自耦合舰尾流模型;紧接着,采用UCA姿态角变化能够改变坐标转换矩阵的思想,研究舰尾流与UCA位姿变化间的耦合联系,提出一种准确性更高的舰尾流对UCA位姿的深度影响模型;然后,以航母姿态变化对舰载雷达测量结果的影响模型为基础,通过考虑本研究场景的内在特性,建立UCA姿态变化对雷达测量结果的影响模型分析方法;紧接着,采用示意图方式获得位移变化对机载雷达测量结果的影响模型;最后,针对舰船受海洋大气(风、浪、流)干扰而出现失速这一现象,建立实际海洋环境中舰尾流对机载雷达测量结果的非线性非高斯影响分析模型.仿真实验研究验证了上述模型分析方法的有效性和优越性.

专利创造性判断中公知常识认定问题研究

公知常识是专利创造性判断中常见理由,但既有的法律法规对其的认定规则并不完善,专利审查和司法裁判中对通过举证证明和说理证明来认定公知常识的顺序和界限并没有明确的规定。因此,在坚持专利创造性判断中,保护具有创造性劳动的前提下,应当明确举证证明和说理证明的先后顺序,并有必要通过引入“众所周知的事实”来对需要举证证明和说理证明的公知常识进行划分。在此基准下,尝试扩大公知常识的载体范围以适应日新月异的技术发展,并使得公知常识的认定趋于客观化和公开化。

基于Mask R-CNN的电力关键设备载波运行状态检测

为解决因载波信号大幅波动造成的电力设备运行状态检测失准问题,提出基于Mask R-CNN的电力关键设备载波运行状态检测方法。在Mask R-CNN网络模型中,通过定义小波基向量的方法确定电力载波暂态系数的计算结果。联合电量阻抗特征,求解连续阈值区间表达式,将获取到的电力载波信号放置在已定义阈值区间内。计算奇异值检测系数的取值条件,完成电力关键设备载波运行状态检测。对比实验结果表明,所提方法可以将电力载波信号波动幅值控制在±17 dB之间,对载波信号波动行为起到了明显的抑制作用,能够提升电网主机对电力设备运行状态检测的准确性。

某大型集装箱船舵机舵承体装置在浮态下的修复方案

文章以某大型集装箱船的全悬挂贝克舵为例,针对其在航行过程中出现舵机舵承体装置底座螺栓断裂、返松、移动的问题,进行了现场勘验和分析,提出了浮态下固定舵叶、拆松带键干式舵柄及拆卸舵杆等修理方案,并对原舵承体基座孔就地镗正、舵机舵承体装置镶套修复、舵柄内孔新增液压膨胀油槽等,使得修后的舵机运转平稳,故障隐患问题得以彻底消除。

国资持有型商业载体布局特色及提升策略探析——以苏州环金鸡湖商业区为例

金鸡湖是苏州新城市中心整体商业规划的核心,伴随着金鸡湖“国家商务旅游示范区”和国家5A级旅游景区的建设,“政府引领、国资先行”的商业发展模式和功能布局在国内城市中已具备较强的示范作用。以位于苏州环金鸡湖商圈在营的国资持有型商业载体为研究对象,通过实地商业调研、企业政府访谈、案例对比借鉴等方式,对其现有发展情况进行归纳、分析和科学评估,并从业态策划、运营管理、特色场景等方面提出了转型升级的优化建议。

Serum concentration of sFas and sFasL in healthy HBsAg carriers,chronic viral hepatitis B and C patients

AIM: To estimate the amount of apoptosis among healthy HBsAg carriers, patients with chronic HBV infection treated with lamivudine and patients with chronic HCV infedJon treated with interferon alpha and ribavirin. Activity of apoptosis was evaluated by serum sFas/sFasL concentration measurement.Moreover dependence between apoptosis and HBV-DNA or HCV-RNA levels was studied.METHODS: Eighty-six persons were included into study: 34 healthy HBsAg carriers, 33 patients with chronic HBV infection and 19 patients with chronic HCV infection. Serum levels of sFas/sFasL were measured by ELISA assay. HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA were measured by RT-PCR assay. Levels of sFas/sFasL were determined before and 2 and 12 wk after therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C infection.HBV-DNA or HCV-RNA was detected before treatment and 6 mo after treatment.RFSULTS: Twenty-four (71%) healthy HBsAg carriers showed HBV-DNA over 10^5/mL, which was comparable to the patients with chronic hepatitis B. Independently from HBV-DNA levels,the concentration of sFas among healthy HBsAg carriers was comparable to healthy persons. Among patients with chronic hepatitis B and C, the concentration of sFas was significantly higher in comparison to healthy HBsAg carriers and healthy persons. In chronic hepatitis B patients the concentration of sFas was decreased during lamivudine treatment. Among chronic hepatitis C patients the concentration of sFas was increased during IFN alpha and ribavirin treatment, sFasL was not detected in control group. Furthermore sFasL oo:urred more frequently in chronic hepatitis C patients in comparison to chronic hepatitis B patients.CONCLUSION: There are no correlations between apoptosis and HBV-DNA levels. However ther is an association between apoptosis and activity of inflammation in patients with chronic HBV infection. Apoptosis can be increased in patients with chronic hepatitis C by effective treatment which may be a result of apoptosis stimulation by IFN-α.

基于三状态PWM的电动汽车电机驱动系统多模式调制策略研究

在电动汽车电驱动系统中,逆变器中的高频开关动作是产生开关损耗影响逆变器效率的主要因素,特别是为适应驱动电机高速化的趋势,不得不采用较高的开关频率,从而在低速时产生不必要的开关损耗,使逆变器效率偏低。因此,该文提出一种基于三状态脉冲宽度调制(TSPWM)的多模式调制策略来减少逆变器的开关损耗,提高全工况范围的逆变器效率。根据工况动态改变调制模式:在不同转速下采取变载频分段异步TSPWM;根据电机的相电流幅值动态地改变TSPWM不连续调制的钳位模式,使电流幅值较大的相保持在钳位状态以减小损耗。为了解决不同模式切换时相位突变导致电流或转矩冲击的问题,提出一种基于载波周期角度计算的电压矢量相位补偿算法,通过精确分析调制模式改变时刻对电压矢量角的影响,计算出切换后的补偿角度对空间电压矢量角进行补偿,从而实现不同模式的平滑切换。最后,通过算法仿真和电机实验验证了所提策略的有效性。结果表明,采用基于TSPWM的多模式调制策略的电机驱动系统,其逆变器效率得到了显著提升,且具有较小的共模电压。

EFFECTS OF ACUPUNCTURE ON THE IMMUNOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS IN HEPATITIS B VIRUS CARRIERS

A contrast study on the effects of manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture wasconducted in 60 cases of chronic hepatitis B carriers.The results demonstrated that theimmunological functions,both cellular and humoral,were markedly regulated asevidenced by the negative turnover rates of HBsAg,HBeAg,anti-HBc and HBcAg,as wellas the positive turnover rate of anti-HBe.

<i>In-Situ</i>Study of Non-Equilibrium Charge Carriers’ Behavior under Ultra-Short Pulsed Electrons Irradiation in Silicon Crystal

The recombination processes for charge carriers have been studied in n-type silicon crystals which were irradiated by pico-second duration pulse electrons with energy of 3.5 MeV (ultrafast irradiation), and maximum dose of 3.3 × 1013 el/cm2. In-situ measurements were carried out under artificial conditions simulating natural environment (space, semiconductor detectors, etc.). The observed phenomena were investigated experimentally in-situ using a high-speed oscilloscope equipped with a special preamplifier. Following irradiation to particular doses, some peculiarities of the recovery time of the semiconductor equilibrium condition (“characteristic time”), were obtained. Thus, it was found that the value of the “characteristic time” differs by an order of magnitude from the lifetime of the non-equilibrium (minority) charge carrier measured in an ex-situ regime. However, their behavior, as a function of irradiation dose, is similar and decreases with dose increase. Investigations of the dependencies of electro-physical parameters on irradiation dose, using Hall effect measurements, showed that at particular doses the radiation defects thus created, have an insignificant influence on the concentration of the charge carriers, but change their scattering properties appreciably, which affects the time parameters for the recombination of the semiconductor charge carriers. This investigation uses a novel approach to solid-state radiation physics, where in situ measurements were conducted in addition to conventional pre- and post-irradiation.

Intrinsic Carrier Concentration as a Function of Stress in(001),(101) and(111) BiaxiallyStrained-Si and Strained-Si_(1-x)Ge_x

Intrinsic carrier concentration(ni) is one of the most important physical parameters for understanding the physics of strained Si and Si1-xGex materials as well as for evaluating the electrical properties of Si-based strained devices. Up to now, the report on quantitative results of intrinsic carrier concentration in strained Si and Si1-xGex materials has been still lacking. In this paper, by analyzing the band structure of strained Si and Si1-xGex materials, both the effective densities of the state near the top of valence band and the bottom of conduction band( Nc and Nv) at 218, 330 and 393 K and the intrinsic carrier concentration related to Ge fraction(x) at 300 K were systematically studied within the framework of KP theory and semiconductor physics. It is found that the intrinsic carrier concentration in strained Si(001) and Si1-xGex(001) and(101) materials at 300 K increases significantly with increasing Ge fraction(x), which provides valuable references to understand the Sibased strained device physics and design.

Carrier rate of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among urban pregnant women in a secondary health facility in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria

A serological survey conducted among 196 pregnant women resident in and around Maiduguri, an urban town in north eastern Nigeria showed that 33 (16.8%) were asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg). They are within the age range of 14-40 years with mean (± SD) age of 24.7 (± 6.3). The women attend antenatal clinic at the State Specialist Hospital, a secondary health facility in Maiduguri, Borno state. The women are all heterosexuals. The distribution of HBsAg carrier rate according to age of women studied showed a significant (p = 0.0061) increase of the prevalence of HBsAg from 4 (8.7%) in the lower age group (39 years). According to the number of pregnancies, the prevalence of HBsAg infection increased significantly from 6 (9.2%) among primiparous to 13 (13.7%) and 14 (38.9%) among multiparous and grand multiparous respectively. The carrier rate of HBsAg infection among the pregnant women studied based on their duration of pregnancies and their social class showed no significant differences. However, according to the factors known to be commonly associated with the highest risk of transmission of HBV such as history of blood transfusion, Tribal marks/tattooing, use of sharps, sharing of articles, history of jaundice in the women and husbands, history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) of the women and husbands and the type of marriage (monogamous or polygamous), number of sexual relationships per week, only the history of blood transfusion was significantly associated with HBsAg carrier rate (RR = 3.71., 95% Confidence Interval (C.I.), 1.89-7.30, p = 0.0078). The study confirms that pregnant women who attend antenatal clinic in this secondary health facility are at higher risk of being infected with the HBV, which could lead to both prenatal and post natal transmission to their newborns.

亚临床结核病研究进展

亚临床结核病是处于结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染与活动性结核病之间的一种疾病状态,早期发现和干预可降低其发展为活动性结核病的风险,对改善预后和阻断其传播有积极意义。作者就目前已报道的亚临床结核病定义、临床特征、传播力、发病机制、生物标志物、筛查和诊断方法等国内外相关研究现状进行综述,旨在明确当前亚临床结核病的研究进展和挑战,为我国加速亚临床结核病相关研究及探索更为有效的结核病防控策略提供新的思考方向。

一种快速准确的大功率IGBT建模方法

高压大功率绝缘栅双极晶体管(insulated gate bipolar transistor,IGBT)的准确建模对IGBT应用中的损耗计算、机理分析、骚扰特性预测有重要意义。基区载流子分布计算是IGBT建模的核心内容,对于计及不同注入条件下大功率IGBT载流子分布计算,现有模型存在计算量大或精度低等缺点。文中首先研究大功率IGBT工作过程中基区载流子的分布特性,然后,以准静态和非准静态条件下基区载流子分布的差异性为突破口提出一种快速、准确、适用于大功率IGBT的建模方法。依据器件内基区耗尽层的边界是处于栅极区域附近还是越过栅极区域,该方法将IGBT工作状态分为两部分,并分别基于准静态假设和非准静态假设对两部分建模。由此可在不失精度的情况下避免载流子二维分布计算,有效地减小在计及不同注入条件下的计算量。最后,通过与现有方法和试验对比,验证所提方法在精度和计算速度方面的优势。

气溶胶迁移规律研究进展

随着核电的发展,超铀核素气溶胶产生的辐射危害成为不可忽视的问题,如何找出气溶胶的迁移规律是解决这一问题的关键。本文综合分析了影响气溶胶迁移行为及规律的研究成果,得出气溶胶迁移主要受胶体自身特征、载体气流状态、外界物理场的影响。胶体自身特征影响迁移侧重研究气溶胶自身特性对迁移过程中沉降、扩散和凝并的影响,属于研究理想状态下气溶胶迁移规律。载体气流状态影响迁移侧重研究载体气流的运动状态、载体气体和气溶胶颗粒之间的两相流,主要描述载体气流流态作用下气溶胶颗粒在载体气流中的分布状态。外界物理场影响迁移针对温度场、磁场、电场、湿度场展开研究,适合描述实际过程中气溶胶的迁移状态。现有迁移行为及规律未涉及多因素影响下的气溶胶迁移行为和多物理场耦合作用下气溶胶的迁移规律及其迁移模型。

舰载机无杆式牵引车行驶稳定性分析

对舰载机无杆式牵引车的行驶稳定性进行了理论研究,仿真和量化分析了重要参数质心位置对行驶稳定性的影响.考虑舰船多自由度耦合运动对牵引车产生的惯性力,建立了2自由度时变非线性舰载机无杆式牵引车系统动力学模型,理论研究了目标系统的稳定性和系统不稳定表现形式的判定方法,给出了系统稳态响应和频率响应的求解方法.建立了系统动力学仿真模型,通过仿真实验和敏感度计算,量化分析了质心位置的变化对牵引车行驶稳定性的影响程度,为舰载机无杆式牵引车行驶稳定性的研究提供了理论基础和优化方向.

吸附载体固态发酵的研究进展

吸附载体固态发酵与传统的营养基质固态发酵相比,具有料床通透性好、不易板结、培养基成分便于调整、供氧更充分、产品更便于分离且部分惰性载体可重复使用等优势,具备较高的应用潜力。从天然载体和人工载体两方面介绍了吸附载体固态发酵的研究进展,包括其涉及的产品领域,以及发酵和分离提取工艺的特点,其中着重介绍了聚氨酯泡沫(PUF)载体在酶制剂、有机酸、小分子药物等产品发酵领域的应用现状,并对吸附载体固态发酵的发展前景进行了探讨。

基于ESO补偿的故障舰载机滑模容错着舰控制技术

舰载机着舰是一项具有强非线性、强耦合性、环境干扰复杂等特点的系统工程。舰载机故障状态下的自动着舰任务更是极具风险与挑战。针对舰载机着舰过程中执行器随机漂移故障、部分损伤故障所引起的控制系统性能恶化问题,提出了一种基于扩张状态观测器(ESO)补偿的滑模容错控制方法。该方法通过ESO对系统的未建模动态、舰尾流扰动以及故障状态进行实时精确估计,进而设计滑模控制律确保误差收敛,采用高阶线性微分跟踪器(LTD)获取控制律所需的各阶微分信号。仿真结果表明,所设计的方法具有良好的跟踪性能、抗干扰能力以及故障容错性能。