Blind Channel Identification for Cyclic-Prefixed MIMO-OFDM Systems with Virtual Carriers

This paper applies the repetition index scheme(RIS)to the channel identification of cyclic prefixed(CP)multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(MIMO-OFDM)systems with virtual carriers(VCs)in the environment of the number of receive antennas being no less than that of transmit antennas.The VCs will cause a rank deficiency problem in computing the subspace information.With the subcarrier mapping matrix,the received signal is simplified to remove the rank deficiency.We use the RIS scheme to generate many times of equivalent symbols so the channel identification can converge with few received OFDM blocks.The RIS scheme will convert the white noise into non-white noise.With the Cholesky factorization,a noise whitening technique is developed to turn the non-white noise back to white noise.We further analyze the necessary conditions of identifiability of channel estimation.Simulations are performed to show the superiority of the proposed method.

Dual transfer channels of photo-carriers in 2D/2D/2D sandwich-like ZnIn2S4/g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene S-scheme/Schottky heterojunction for boosting photocatalytic H2 evolution

Construction of multi-channels of photo-carrier migration in photocatalysts is favor to boost conversion efficiency of solar energy by promoting the charge separation and transfer.Herein,a ternary ZnIn_(2)S_(4)/g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene hybrid composed of S-scheme junction integrated Schottky-junction was fabricated using a simple hydrothermal approach.All the components(g-C_(3)N_(4),ZnIn_(2)S_(4) and Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene)demonstrated two-dimensional(2D)nanosheets structure,leading to the formation of a 2D/2D/2D sandwich-like structure with intimate large interface for carrier migration.Furthermore,the photogenerated carriers on the g-C_(3)N_(4) possessed dual transfer channels,including one route in S-scheme transfer mode between the g-C_(3)N_(4) and ZnIn_(2)S_(4) and the other route in Schottky-junction between g-C_(3)N_(4) and Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene.Consequently,a highly efficient carrier separation and transport was realized in the ZnIn_(2)S_(4)/g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene heterojunction.This ternary sample exhibited wide light response from 200 to 1400 nm and excellent photocatalytic H_(2) evolution of 2452.1μmol∙g^(–1)∙h^(–1),which was 200,3,1.5 and 1.6 times of g-C_(3)N_(4),ZnIn_(2)S_(4),ZnIn_(2)S_(4)/Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene and g-C_(3)N_(4)/ZnIn_(2)S_(4) binary composites.This work offers a paradigm for the rational construction of multi-electron pathways to regulate the charge separation and migration via the introduction of dual-junctions in catalytic system.

Sparse channel recovery with inter-carrier interference self-cancellation in OFDM

A new sparse channel estimation method of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing（OFDM） system based on intercarrier interference（ICI） self-cancellation is investigated. Firstly,based on the characteristic that the ICI generated by a subcarrier to the two adjacent subcarriers is approximately equal, a data pair with opposite sign and equal magnitude is modulated onto two adjacent subcarriers as pilot pair to eliminate the effect of ICI on pilots. Secondly, a new OFDM channel estimation model based on linear time-varying（LTV） model and compressed sensing（CS） is constructed, which obtains the mean of the gains of the multipath.Finally, a pilot pair optimization algorithm based on two layers loop is used to realize the minimization of the mutual coherence of the measurement matrix. For time-varying channel scenes with different numbers or delay of multipath and maximum Doppler frequency shift, the performances of several channel estimation methods are verified by simulation. The result shows that the new method has obvious advantage in both the performance of the channel estimation and the spectral efficiency.

UFMC系统中基于阈值的改进DFT信道估计算法

针对通用滤波多载波(Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier,UFMC)系统中传统的基于离散傅里叶变换(Discrete Fourier Transform,DFT)的信道估计算法存在噪声区间不连续、信道长度内噪声消除不彻底、信号经DFT运算后频谱泄露高等问题,提出一种基于阈值的改进DFT信道估计算法。算法在频域通过加窗以降低信道冲激响应(Channel Impulse Response,CIR)能量泄露,在时域通过设置阈值和指数平滑可最大限度滤除样本内噪声。理论分析与仿真结果表明,与传统的DFT估计算法相比,所提算法误比特率(Bit Error Ratio,BER)更低,在高信噪比下有1.5 dB左右的性能提升,能够进一步减少噪声对系统性能的影响,可有效提高信道估计的准确度。

基于可微分架构搜索的多载波信号自动调制识别

针对城市多径信道下缺乏多载波信号通用数据集,以及传统信号特征与网络模型难以有效识别低信噪比下失真信号调制类型的问题,提出一种基于可微分架构搜索的多载波信号自动调制识别算法。首先,产生了常见OFDM、FBMC与OTFS多载波信号经过典型城市多径信道的接收信号数据集,选取对调制参数不敏感的信号时频图作为特征向量来训练神经网络;其次,采用可微分架构搜索方法自动搜索最佳网络结构,避免了网络结构设计的反复验证工作;最后,在特征学习过程中引入联合注意力机制,将失真信号特征进行空间转换以降低多径干扰影响,同时计算特征图各通道信息权重并排序,以提升相关特征图通道的分类效果。仿真结果表明,所提算法不仅能提升在城市多径信道环境下尤其是低信噪比时的识别正确率,而且对调制参数变化和小样本场景具有更好的鲁棒性。

基于部分能量耦合线圈的无线能量与信号同步传输方法研究

针对无线电能传输系统中能量发送端与接收端进行全双工通信的需求,提出一种基于部分能量耦合线圈的无线能量与信号同步传输方法。利用能量耦合线圈的内侧和外侧部分线圈分别作为信号正反向传输耦合机构,并在信号接收回路中采用LC并联支路抑制同侧信号载波的串扰。通过构建系统模型,分析能量传输与信号传输的增益以及系统传输干扰,得到系统参数对传输特性影响规律。为提高信号传输增益以及减小信号正反向传输之间的串扰,优化了耦合机构线圈布置方案。最后,搭建了传输功率为20 W的无线能量与信号全双工同步传输平台,实验结果表明,在电能传输不受影响的同时,实现了正向传输速率200 kbps、反向传输速率400 kbps的信号全双工同步传输,验证了所提方法的可靠性和有效性。

基于高动态环境下B2a信号的双通道跟踪算法

在北斗三号B2a信号中,针对在高动态环境下信号多普勒变化较大,导致导航接收机跟踪环路收敛速度较慢、稳定性差等问题,基于北斗B2a信号传统跟踪环路算法设计出基于三阶锁频辅助四阶锁相的双通道联合跟踪载波跟踪环,并对此跟踪算法进行仿真分析。实验结果表明双通道联合跟踪算法对信号的利用率明显提升且环路收敛速度快,在信号较差的情况下也能实现稳定跟踪,并且稳定性和准确度明显提升。

基于自适应p持续的移动自组网信道接入和资源分配算法

针对基于p持续的移动自组网(MANET)信道接入和资源分配问题,提出一种具有低复杂度的自适应信道接入和资源分配算法。首先,考虑到自组网无中心分布式组网特点,以每个节点的信道利用率最大化为目标建立优化问题;其次将该问题建模为马尔可夫决策过程并定义状态、动作和奖励函数;最后基于策略梯度训练网络参数,联合优化竞争概率、优先级增长因子以及通信节点数量。仿真实验结果表明,所提算法可以显著提高p-持续载波侦听多址接入(CSMA)协议的性能,与固定竞争概率和p值预定义的方案相比,所提算法的信道利用率提高了45%和17%;此外,当节点数量小于35时,所提算法优于固定接入节点数量的方案。同时,在节点数据包到达率较高时,所提算法可以充分利用信道,减少时隙资源浪费。

Array (Smart) Antennas Improve GSM Performance

As wireless data applications over cellular networks become more widespread, the pressure to increase capacity will become even more intense. Capacity in the 800 and 900 MHz bands, where bandwidth is restricted, is already becoming a limiting factor. This paper attempts to address how the application of smart antenna systems has brought about improvements in call quality and increased capacity through reduced Interference in Mobile Communication. The smart antenna may be in a variety of ways to improve the performance of a communications system. Perhaps most importantly is its capability to cancel co-channel interference. It helps in improving the system performance by increasing the channel capacity, spectrum efficiency, extending range coverage, speech quality, enabling tighter reuse of frequencies within a cellular network and economically, feasible increased signal gain, greater, reduced multipath reflection. It has been argued that Smart antennas and the Algorithms to control them are vital to a high-capacity communication system development.

基于信道参数与频率联合估计的PCMA信号单通道盲分离

在成对载波多址信号的单通道盲分离过程中,通常需要将两路信号的频偏、初相、时延和成形滤波器的综合影响作为信道参数进行估计,因此即使在恒参信道下,频偏误差的存在也会导致信道参数的动态变化。目前的盲分离方法一般采用最小均方(Least Mean-Square,LMS)算法或递归最小二乘(Recursive Least-Square,RLS)算法进行信道参数跟踪,然而这类方法显然没有充分利用频偏导致信道参数周期性变化的先验信息。通过建立残余频偏与信道参数的误差模型,利用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法实现了频偏误差与时不变信道参数的联合估计。仿真实验表明,在频偏误差和恒参信道叠加的变参信道下,提出的方法在收敛能力、跟踪精度、分离性能上相比现有方法均有明显提升。

AN IMPROVED CHANNEL DETECTION METHOD FOR IEEE 802.11N MIMO SYSTEM

Coexistence and interoperability between 20 MHz and 40 MHz device and modes of op-erations are stressed in standard IEEE 802.11n system.It is mandate to report the both sub-channels states to Medium Access Control(MAC) at receiver,since for 40 MHz device,it should serve not only 20 MHz but also 40 MHz signals receiving.Both energy detection and carrier sense are employed to detect channel state.In the case of 20/40 M mode,the power difference between the two sub-channels is also detected in order to report the channel state accurately.The simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed methods are much better than the methods which just employ energy detection.Besides,the simulation results show that the proposed methods ensure that the channel sensing is not a roadblock of IEEE 802.11n system design.

Performance analysis of hybrid carrier DS CDMA communication system

A hybrid carrier (HC) DS CDMA communication system is proposed, combining 4-weighted fractional Fourier transform (4-WFRFT) with code division multiple access (CDMA) technique. The signals are modulated in a certain order fractional Fourier domain and transformed by 4-WFRFT to compose the hybrid carrier signals. In the time domain CDMA technique is adopted for multiple accesses and time diversity gain. Compared to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, in which Fourier transform is adopted, the signal energy in HC system is distributed on the time-frequency plane more evenly and symmetrically. Thus, when there is a deep fading notch or single-frequency interference in the channel, the proposed method can split the interference to a broader range in order to reduce the influence, resulting in the better system performance. Moreover, the performances of the proposed system, such as peak-to-average power rate (PAPR) and security are also discussed in the paper.

Polarization and Breakdown Analysis of AlGaN Channel HEMTs with AlN Buffer

We have demonstrated the first carrier density model for AlGaN channel with AlN buffer using spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization comparison with experimental and theoretical results. From the results we proved that the formation of 2DEG in undoped structure relied both on spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization. The electron distribution of Al concentration (0 < x < 0.5) was measured for both AlGaN channel and barrier. Barrier thickness assumed between 20 and 25 nm for validating the experimental results. The carrier concentration was observed at the specific interface of the N- and Ga-face by assuming x1, x2 = 0. The model results are verified with previously reported experimental data.

Performance of Polar Codes for OFDM-Based UWB Channel

A multiuser Ultra Wide Band (UWB) channel suffers seriously from realistic impairments. Among this, multipath fading and interferences, such as Multiple Access Interference (MAI) and Inter Symbol Interference (ISI), that significantly degrade the system performance. In this paper, a polar coding technique, originally developed by Arikan, is suggested to enhance the BER performance of indoor UWB based Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) communications. Moreover, Interleave Division Multiple Access (IDMA) scheme has been considered for multiuser detection depending on the turbo type Chip-By-Chip (CBC) iterative detection strategy. Three different models as Symmetric Alpha Stable (SαS), Laplace model and Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), have been introduced for approximating the interferences which are more realistic for UWB system. The performance of the proposed Polar-coded IDMA OFDM-based UWB system is investigated under UWB channel models proposed by IEEE 802.15.3a working group and compared with Low Density Parity Check (LDPC)-coded IDMA OFDM-based UWB system in terms of BER performance and complexity under the studied noise models. Simulation results show that the complexity of the proposed polar-coded system is much lower than LDPC-coded system with minor performance degradation. Furthermore, the proposed polar-coded system is robust against noise and interferences in UWB indoor environment and gains a significant performance improvement by about 5 dB compared with un-coded IDMA-OFDM-UWB system under the studied noise models.

基于FBMC信号的低截获雷达通信一体化波形设计

针对正交频分复用(OFDM)雷达通信一体化波形方案中循环前缀引起的弱回波掩盖问题和敌方战场低截获概率问题,该文提出了基于滤波器组的多载波偏移正交幅度调制(FBMC-OQAM)的低截获雷达通信一体化波形设计方案。分别构建FBMC雷达通信一体化波形与目标检测概率、通信信道容量之间的数学模型,在保证一定系统雷达与通信性能的条件约束下,设计最小化系统总发射功率联合优化问题,优化各个子载波发射功率分配方案。该算法利用测量值和信道状态信息,对下一个脉冲的发射波形参数进行优化设计,实现自适应传输。此外,从平均模糊函数角度分析了FBMC作为雷达信号的可行性和优势。仿真结果表明,与等功率分配方案相比,该文提出的功率分配方案可有效降低一体化系统总发射功率,从而实现低截获性能,并且FBMC波形可有效降低循环前缀引起的距离旁瓣,提高雷达分辨率与信息速率。

非高斯噪声下电力线载波通信压缩感知信道估计方法

传统的基于压缩感知的电力线载波通信信道估计方法,多数在高斯噪声假设下对信道系数进行估计。实际过程中,电力线电磁环境复杂,噪声往往并不服从高斯分布。本文考虑非高斯环境下电力线载波通信信道估计问题,利用高斯混合密度对噪声统计特性进行描述,在此基础上,结合信道系数的稀疏特性对信道系数进行估计。利用数值仿真对本文所提算法的性能进行测试,结果表明,与传统信道估计算法相比,本文所提出的方法具有更好的信道估计性能。

被动窃听环境中基于信道状态信息的物理层安全预编码设计

在被动窃听的多径信道场景下,窃听者(EaVEsdropper,Eve)仅被动窃听,不发射任何无线电信号,发射端(Alice)无法确定Eve的任何信息,给信息的安全传输带来了极大挑战。为了保障信息的安全传输,在Alice已知合法接收者(Bob)的信道状态信息(CSI)但是未知Eve的CSI的情况下,提出一种保障Bob的物理层安全的预编码方案,通过提高Bob接收信号的质量来提高系统的安全性能。首先,在不考虑Eve的情况下,仅根据已知的Bob的CSI给出可达Bob信道容量上界的预编码方案;利用Alice-Bob和Alice-Eve链路之间的信道特异性获得稳定的安全容量;然后,在瑞利平坦衰落环境下,通过Bob的中断概率推导出Bob的平均误码率(BER)准确的闭合表达式。仿真实验结果表明,所提方案在不改变接收机复杂度的基础上,能够保证Bob的信道容量始终优于Eve的信道容量。同时,所提方案能够在Eve的BER性能受到较大抑制的条件下,有效改善Bob的BER性能,即使Eve位置条件优于Bob也能保证安全容量始终存在。

基于载波调制的光纤通信网络传输质量提升方法

光纤通信网络传输信道畸变,影响了光纤通信网络传输质量,为此,提出了基于载波调制的光纤通信网络传输质量提升方法。构建光纤通信网络传输的传输大数据采集和特征分析模型,结合模糊聚类方法进行光纤通信网络输出信道的扩频处理,采用载波调制方法进行光纤通信网络的波特均衡控制,抑制光纤通信网络传输信道畸变,优化光纤通信网络传输质量。结果表明,采用该方法进行光纤通信网络传输精度可达96.2%,网络信道均衡性较好,输出误码率较低,在16 dB和13 dB时可达最低误码率,有效提升了光纤通信网络传输质量。

基于MC-FH/DPSK 水声通信信道编码研究

基于多载波跳频差分相移键控(multi-carrier frequency-hopping/DPSK,MC-FH/DPSK)的水声通信系统,与四进制频移键控(4FSK)跳频通信系统相比,频带利用率成倍提升,但系统误码率仍达不到10^(−5)级。通过将信道编解码技术与MC-FH/DPSK通信系统相结合,使误码率达到10^(−5)级。在实测水声信道下进行了Turbo码及准循环低密度奇偶校验码(QC-LDPC)码的纠错性能仿真,结果表明:实测信道中,2种编码方式在一定信噪比下都能达到10^(−5)的误码率要求,但QC-LDPC码比Turbo码具有更强的纠错性能。在符号持续时间为8 ms,编码速率为1/2,信息长度为840 bit情况下,采用SOVA译码方式的Turbo码,在Eb/N0≥22 dB时误码率低于10^(−5),而采用BP译码方式的QC-LDPC码,在Eb/N0≥20 dB时即可使误码率降至10^(−5)以下,获得了2 dB的信噪比增益。

基于VSCBOMP算法的FBMC/OQAM系统信道估计

偏移正交调制的滤波器组多载波(filter bank multi-carrier/offset quadrature amplitude modulation,FBMC/OQAM)相比于传统正交频分复用(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing,OFDM)系统具有误码率低、频谱利用率高等优点,但目前较少有采用压缩感知方法来进行FBMC/OQAM的信道估计的研究。针对FBMC/OQAM系统提出基于变步长条件回溯正交匹配追踪(variable step-size conditional backtracking orthogonal matching pursuit,VSCBOMP)的信道估计算法。该算法在每次迭代过程中选择多个原子,当支撑集充满之后,利用回溯剔除相关性较差的原子。同时,加入了变步长的思想,提高了运算效率。在随后的稀疏随机信号恢复实验及FBMC/OQAM系统信道估计仿真实验中验证了该算法。仿真结果表明,该算法比传统的正交匹配追踪类算法运行时间短,亦能获得更高的估计精度。