Carrot-weed (Parthenium hysterophorous L.) is a flowering plant of the Asteraceae family (tribe: Heliantheae). The weed became famous due to its notorious invasive role in the environment and agricultural fields. The ...Carrot-weed (Parthenium hysterophorous L.) is a flowering plant of the Asteraceae family (tribe: Heliantheae). The weed became famous due to its notorious invasive role in the environment and agricultural fields. The plant has arisen as the seventh most disturbing weed globally. In Africa, the weed is spreading very fast and information on its biology, impact, and management is scarce. Therefore, this review provides general information about the carrot weed’s current distribution status and its impact on agricultural crops, animals and human health in Africa. The review also highlights areas for research in managing this noxious weed in the African habitats.展开更多
[目的]寻找安全、高效、广谱的胡萝卜田除草剂。[方法]采用盆钵法评估了13种封闭除草剂对胡萝卜安全性,并对部分除草剂田间应用效果进行评价。[结果]供试的13种除草剂中,吡氟酰草胺、二甲戊灵对胡萝卜安全性较好,供试剂量下胡萝卜苗鲜...[目的]寻找安全、高效、广谱的胡萝卜田除草剂。[方法]采用盆钵法评估了13种封闭除草剂对胡萝卜安全性,并对部分除草剂田间应用效果进行评价。[结果]供试的13种除草剂中,吡氟酰草胺、二甲戊灵对胡萝卜安全性较好,供试剂量下胡萝卜苗鲜质量与对照无显著差异,胡萝卜生长抑制率在10%以下。进一步试验表明,吡氟酰草胺56.25~900 g a.i./hm^(2)对4种胡萝卜品种中的3种均具有较高安全性,1种胡萝卜品种在高剂量吡氟酰草胺处理下生长抑制显著。田间对吡氟酰草胺、二甲戊灵单用及混合使用效果进行评价,二甲戊灵540 g a.i./hm^(2)对醴肠、铁苋菜、反枝苋防效较差,对马齿苋、牛筋草及马唐等防效中等。吡氟酰草胺225 g a.i./hm^(2)处理对马齿苋、反枝苋、牛筋草及马唐防效达100%,对醴肠、铁苋菜鲜质量防效分别为77.21%、90.26%。50%吡氟酰草胺WG 180~405 g a.i./hm^(2)+450 g/L二甲戊灵CS 540 g a.i./hm^(2)混用处理对铁苋菜的鲜质量防效为80.25%~100%,对马齿苋、反枝苋、牛筋草及马唐防效达100%,高剂量下对醴肠防效较为理想。50%吡氟酰草胺WG 225 g a.i./hm^(2)处理及50%吡氟酰草胺WG 180~405 g a.i./hm^(2)+450 g/L二甲戊灵CS 540 g a.i./hm^(2)处理胡萝卜幼苗全株白化,后逐渐恢复;50%吡氟酰草胺WG 180~225 g a.i./hm^(2)+450 g/L二甲戊灵CS 540 g a.i./hm^(2)处理胡萝卜增产15%以上,显著高于人工除草处理胡萝卜产量。[结论]吡氟酰草胺180~225 g a.i./hm^(2)与二甲戊灵540 g a.i./hm^(2)混合用于胡萝卜田除草效果较好,增产显著。展开更多
文摘Carrot-weed (Parthenium hysterophorous L.) is a flowering plant of the Asteraceae family (tribe: Heliantheae). The weed became famous due to its notorious invasive role in the environment and agricultural fields. The plant has arisen as the seventh most disturbing weed globally. In Africa, the weed is spreading very fast and information on its biology, impact, and management is scarce. Therefore, this review provides general information about the carrot weed’s current distribution status and its impact on agricultural crops, animals and human health in Africa. The review also highlights areas for research in managing this noxious weed in the African habitats.
文摘[目的]寻找安全、高效、广谱的胡萝卜田除草剂。[方法]采用盆钵法评估了13种封闭除草剂对胡萝卜安全性,并对部分除草剂田间应用效果进行评价。[结果]供试的13种除草剂中,吡氟酰草胺、二甲戊灵对胡萝卜安全性较好,供试剂量下胡萝卜苗鲜质量与对照无显著差异,胡萝卜生长抑制率在10%以下。进一步试验表明,吡氟酰草胺56.25~900 g a.i./hm^(2)对4种胡萝卜品种中的3种均具有较高安全性,1种胡萝卜品种在高剂量吡氟酰草胺处理下生长抑制显著。田间对吡氟酰草胺、二甲戊灵单用及混合使用效果进行评价,二甲戊灵540 g a.i./hm^(2)对醴肠、铁苋菜、反枝苋防效较差,对马齿苋、牛筋草及马唐等防效中等。吡氟酰草胺225 g a.i./hm^(2)处理对马齿苋、反枝苋、牛筋草及马唐防效达100%,对醴肠、铁苋菜鲜质量防效分别为77.21%、90.26%。50%吡氟酰草胺WG 180~405 g a.i./hm^(2)+450 g/L二甲戊灵CS 540 g a.i./hm^(2)混用处理对铁苋菜的鲜质量防效为80.25%~100%,对马齿苋、反枝苋、牛筋草及马唐防效达100%,高剂量下对醴肠防效较为理想。50%吡氟酰草胺WG 225 g a.i./hm^(2)处理及50%吡氟酰草胺WG 180~405 g a.i./hm^(2)+450 g/L二甲戊灵CS 540 g a.i./hm^(2)处理胡萝卜幼苗全株白化,后逐渐恢复;50%吡氟酰草胺WG 180~225 g a.i./hm^(2)+450 g/L二甲戊灵CS 540 g a.i./hm^(2)处理胡萝卜增产15%以上,显著高于人工除草处理胡萝卜产量。[结论]吡氟酰草胺180~225 g a.i./hm^(2)与二甲戊灵540 g a.i./hm^(2)混合用于胡萝卜田除草效果较好,增产显著。
