Comprehensive Measurement for Carrying Capacity of Resources and Environment of City Clusters in Central China

Studying the carrying capacity of resources and environment of city clusters in the central China has important practical guidance significance for promoting the healthy, sustainable and stable development of this region. According to their influencing factors and reciprocity mechanism, using system dynamics approaches, this paper built a SD model for measuring the carrying capacity of resources and environment of the city clusters in the central China, and through setting different development models, the comprehensive measurement analysis on the carrying capacity was carried out. The results show that the model of promoting socio-economic development under the protection of resources and environment is the optimal model for promoting the harmony development of resources, environment, society and economy in the city clusters. According to this model, the optimum population scale of the city clusters in 2020 is 42.80×106 persons, and the moderate economic development scale is 22.055×1012 yuan (RMB). In 1996-2020, the carrying capacity of resources and environment in the city clusters took on obvious phase-change characteristics. During the studied period, it is basically at the initial development stage, and will come through the development process from slow development to speedup development.

The Impact of Marine Aquaculture on the Environment;the Importance of Site Selection and Carrying Capacity

A growing increase in the world’s population and a gradual decline in poverty necessitate a search for new sources of protein in order to guarantee food security. Aquaculture has been identified as a potential sector capable of meeting the requirements for increased protein production without making excessive demands on the ecosystem. Although water makes up 70% of the earth’s surface, aquaculture cannot feasibly be practised everywhere;it requires a unique set of natural, social and economic resources to be managed in an environmentally responsible way. Finding suitable sites for aquaculture is becoming an ever increasing problem in the development of the sector as precautions need to be taken in setting up sites to ensure appropriate environmental characteristics exist and that good water quality can be maintained. Additionally, the effects of aquaculture on coastal and inland resources must be clearly determined to implement policies and regulatory frameworks to control its impact. Marine cage farming is gaining momentum, specifically in the Mediterranean and Black Sea coastal regions. For these sites to be further developed there is a need to minimize the effects on the environment and conflicts with other coastal users. To this aim the concept of allocated zones for aquaculture (AZA) is being adopted to provide specific areas for marine aquaculture to avoid environmental degradation. When choosing an (AZA) suitable site, it is vital to calculate ‘carrying capacity’ to reduce the risks and to protect the marine ecosystems. In this study the MERAMOD model was used to investigate the carrying capacity of marine fish farms. Modelling offers the possibility to simulate and predict the environmental impact of fish farms.

The Coordination Effect of Marine and Land Resources Carrying Capacity of Coastal Areas in China

The carrying capacity of marine and land resources is one of the indicators to measure the sustainable development level of coastal areas,reflecting the supporting capacity of the ecological environment for human activities and the impact of human activities on the regional environment.This paper establishes an evaluation index system to determine the evaluation value of the carrying capacity of marine and land resources in China’s coastal areas,the evaluation index of marine and land resources supply capacity(economic and social development demand)subsystem,and the degree of coordinated development of the subsystems in 11 coastal areas from 2006 to 2017.The results showed that the average supply and demand capacity of the two subsystems in each region is not high;the average demand level of economic and social development is higher than the supply capacity of marine and land resources;the carrying capacity of marine and land resources is slightly overloaded in most areas;the collaborative development between the supply and demand subsystems is barely coordinated with moderate imbalance;most regions need to move in the direction of green development to ensure the supply capacity of marine and land resources.

Geological resources and environmental carrying capacity evaluation review,theory, and practice in China

Evaluations of resources and environmental carrying capacities (GRECC)are the premise of land space planning and use control.Resource allocations and environmental capacity are the basic conditions that restrict development in a region.In this paper,based on a systematic review of China's geological environment,groundwater resources,mineral resources,other geological resources and the environmental carrying capacity research status,the relationship between the natural resource environmental system and the socio-economic system is studied.Then a "coordination theory of resources and environmental carrying"is proposed.Next,on the basis of an evaluation experiment performed at different scales and for different types of regions,the technical methods for an evaluation of the geological resources and environmental carrying capacity at the regional (inter-provincial)and provincial scales in China are established for the first time.This paper presents a standardized method based on technical ideas, evaluation methods,and index systems for geological resource and environmental carrying capacity evaluation.Finally,an evaluation of the groundwater resource carrying capacity in China is used as an example for the demonstration of the groundwater resource background and use of state evaluation methods.

Safety Evaluation of Water Environment Carrying Capacity of Five Cities in Ningxia Based on Ecological Footprint of Water Resources

[Objectives]To make safety evaluation of water environment carrying capacity of five cities in Ningxia based on ecological footprint of water resources.[Methods]With the help of the grey relational model,15 indicators were selected from the natural,economic,and social aspects,and the most influential factors in the three fields were selected.Based on the concept of ecological priority,the water resources carrying capacity of the five cities in Ningxia from 2010 to 2019 was calculated with the help of the water resources ecological footprint model.Then,the indicators of the water resources ecological footprint model were coupled with the existing indicators to establish a comprehensive evaluation indicator system.Finally,the changes of the water environment carrying capacity of the five cities in Ningxia were analyzed with the help of the principal component analysis(PCA).[Results]The ecological pressure of water resources and the ecological deficit of water resources in the five cities were relatively large.Specifically,Yinchuan City had the most obvious deficit of water resources but good carrying capacity;Zhongwei City had a large ecological deficit of water resources,poor carrying capacity,and the largest ecological pressure index of water resources;Guyuan City had low water resources ecological deficit,water resources ecological carrying capacity and water resources ecological pressure index.[Conclusions]Through the analysis of the coupling indicator system,it can be seen that the water environment carrying capacity of the five cities is in an upward trend,indicating that the water environment in each region tends to become better.

The Progress of Resources and Environment Carrying Capacity: from Single-factor Carrying Capacity Research to Comprehensive Research

As a concept to describe development restrictions,resources and environment carrying capacity（RECC）research has developed over more than 100 years since it was first proposed at the beginning of the 20th century.It is now regarded as a significant factor in evaluating the level of cooperation between regional population,resources,and environment;and it is currently used as an effective and operational tool to guide regional sustainable development.This article first reviews the origin of RECC and its early headway.It then reviews the historical development of RECC from single factors,such as land resources carrying capacity,water resources carrying capacity and environmental carrying capacity（environmental capacity）,to more comprehensive research,such as comprehensive evaluation,emergy analysis,and ecological footprint analysis.In general,it appears that comprehensive research will become increasingly important in RECC research.However,there are several deficiencies in the current state of comprehensive research.Firstly,comprehensive RECC research lacks a common measurement standard,though some scholars have attempted to create one.Secondly,the RECC evaluation of open systems and dynamic studies should be strengthened.Thirdly,more attention should be paid to standardization,digitalization,and systematization to promote the applicability of RECC research to national practical demands.

基于陆海统筹的资源环境承载力评价方法探讨

海洋、海岸带蕴含的资源丰富,与人类生存发展息息相关。近年来,随着海洋经济的迅速增长,自然岸线和滨海湿地面积减少、生物多样性降低、典型生态系统受损、近岸海域灾害频发、渔业资源减少等问题日益显现。如何从战略高度提升海洋经济,开发和保护并举,确保海岸带、海洋资源取用合理是新时代的重要课题。陆地和海洋是生态系统不可分割的组成部分,开展陆海统筹的资源环境承载力评价是衡量区域经济发展与生态环境是否协调可持续发展的有效途径。文章系统地梳理了承载力概念的发展历程,对比了常用的海洋资源环境承载力评价方法,初步构建了陆海统筹的资源环境承载力评价指标体系,并提出使用熵值法来确定指标权重,采用状态空间评价模型或TOPSIS模型进行承载力综合评价,可以体现陆地和海洋相互影响、相互制约的关系,并具有较强的可操作性,评价结果可以反映区域资源环境承载力的空间差异或随时间变化情况,能够为海洋和海岸带保护利用提供有效借鉴。

哈尔滨市水资源环境承载能力评价

哈尔滨市是全国主要缺水城市之一.为了合理使用水资源,维持水资源的可持续发展状况,维护社会经济,进行哈尔滨市水资源环境承载能力评价研究显得十分必要.本研究分析了水资源环境承载力主要影响因素,采用隶属度函数确定各单项指标隶属度,结合Delphi法得出评判结果矩阵,并采用数据离散化,提高了此评价方法的表达能力.根据水资源环境承载力评价结果,分析了哈尔滨市水资源环境承载力变化趋势,为以后相关研究提供了依据.

东北地区城镇化与资源环境承载力耦合关系的时空变化

理清城镇化与资源环境承载力耦合关系可为城市可持续发展转型提供决策参考。在分析2003—2019年东北地区城镇化与资源环境承载力时空格局的基础上,采用耦合协调度模型定量剖析了二者耦合关系的时空变化特征。结果显示:2003—2019年,东北地区综合城镇化水平提升了114.29%,总体呈现“东高西低”、辽中南城市群和哈长城市群核心城市引领全域发展的局面;资源环境承载力呈增加趋势,增幅36.09%,空间上聚集于哈大线周边区域;资源环境承载力水平与综合城镇化水平的耦合协调度总体上呈上升趋势,近年增幅有所下降,且辽西北、吉林南部和黑龙江西北部耦合协调度相对较低,核心城市和重要城市耦合协调度普遍较高。亟须提升核心城市对中小城镇的辐射引领能力,并加强生态退化地区的环境保护和高质量发展。

黄河“几”字弯都市圈资源环境承载力与经济发展耦合协调研究

在生态文明建设理念下,如何实现生态脆弱区资源环境与经济的协调发展,已成为我国亟待解决的问题之一。以典型生态脆弱区黄河“几”字弯都市圈21个地级市为例,基于2005年、2010年、2015年、2020年的资源环境与经济发展数据,运用熵权TOPSIS法分析资源环境承载力状况,并引入耦合协调度模型揭示资源环境承载力与经济发展水平耦合协调关系及其时空演变特征,结果表明:黄河“几”字弯都市圈资源环境承载力呈波动上升趋势,区域差异显著;资源环境承载力与经济发展水平的耦合协调度整体逐渐趋向于更高程度的耦合;通过莫兰指数分析发现,黄河“几”字弯都市圈资源环境承载力与经济发展水平耦合协调度为显著空间正相关。

长江流域建立水资源刚性约束制度的关键问题与对策研究

南方丰水地区建立水资源刚性约束制度,是为了更好地促进生态环境高水平保护和经济社会高质量发展。基于长江流域水资源开发利用、管理现状及特点,分析了长江流域建立水资源刚性约束制度需重点研究的关键问题,并从水资源和水环境承载能力、用水定额标准、计量监测、水资源规划论证、监管考核和市场机制等方面,提出长江流域建立水资源刚性约束制度的对策建议。

Application of an evaluation method of resource and environment carrying capacity in the adjustment of industrial structure in Tibet

With the degradation of natural resources and environment caused by industrial development in some developing countries,the requirement of implementing a“social ecological”approach to development is imminent.Resource and environment carrying capacity provides a means of assessing regional development potential by measuring regional sustainable development in terms of economy,population and resources&environment.This study develops a conceptual framework for resource and environment carrying capacity estimation to support the co-development planning of industries,population and resources&environment.First,the framework constructs an index system for evaluating importance of industry or influence based on the role of industry played in the local socio-economic system.Then,the framework computes the quantitative relations through the importance of local industry,population size and resource utilization and environment effects,and subsequently estimates the resource and environment carrying capacity of the study area.With a particular attention to its land resources,water resources and environment,the Tibet case study shows that:the non-ferrous metal mining,tourism,liquor and refined tea industries play a pillar role in the Tibet’s socio-economic system;under each industrial structure,land resource carrying capacity is the weakest,and water resources carrying capacity is the strongest;to focus on tourism will improve local resource and environment carrying capacity.The research results provide a solid guide for Tibet government’s co-actions in industrial restructuring,ecological protection,and the pursuit of economic development.This study will contribute to bridge the gap between theoretical research and practical applications of resource and environment carrying capacity,and help local governments plan the regional“socio-ecological”sustainable development.

Regional Differentiation and Classification for Carrying Constraints on the Resources and Environment of China

Research on the relationship between national resource constraint-region types and environmental carrying capacity is essential for the continued development of Chinese industrialization and urbanization.Thus,utilizing a series of key indexes including the per-capita potential of available land resources,the per-capita potential of available water resources,the degree of environmental stress,and the degree of ecological restriction,a step-by-step,integrated measuring method is presented here to understand the constrained carrying elements of water and land resources as well as environment and ecology.Spatial differences are analyzed and area types classified at the county level across China.Results reveal that：（1）Almost 90%of China is strongly constrained by both resources and the environment,while nearly 50%of national territory is strongly constrained by two elements,especially in areas of intensive population and industry to the east of the Helan-Longmen Mountain line;（2）Densely populated areas of eastern and central China,as well as on the Tibetan Plateau,are strongly constrained by a shortage of land resources,while North China,the northwest,northeast,the Sichuan basin,and some southern cities are experiencing strong constraints because of water shortages.In contrast,the North China plain,the Yangtze River delta,northern Jiangsu,Sichuan province,Chongqing municipality,Guizhou and Guangxi provinces,the northeast plain,and the northern Loess Plateau are constrained by high levels of environmental stress.Areas of China that are strongly ecologically constrained tend to be concentrated to the southwest of the Tianshan-Dabie Mountain line,as well as in the northeast on the Loess Plateau,in the Alashan of Inner Mongolia,in northeast China,and in the northern Jiangsu coastal area;（3）Constraints on national resources and environmental carrying capacity are diverse and cross-cut China,meanwhile,multi-element spatial distribution does reveal a degree of relative centralization.With the exception of the Tibetan Plateau which is resources-ecological constraint,other areas subject to cross constraints are mainly concentrated to the east of the Helan-Longmen Mountain line.

无锡市区水资源与水环境承载力动态特征研究

水资源和水环境问题已成为无锡市社会经济发展的重要制约因素。文章从社会经济-水资源-水环境系统互馈机理出发,采用空间系统动力学方法建立“社会经济-水资源-水环境”耦合模型,对不同气候和社会经济发展情景下无锡市区水资源和水环境承载力的时空动态特征进行研究。结果显示:①不同情景下各行政区水资源和水环境承载系数满足滨湖区>锡山区>惠山区>新吴区>梁溪区的关系;②不同情景下水资源和水环境承载力有所差异,节水型丰水年(C1)情景下梁溪区、滨湖区、锡山区、惠山区和新吴区水资源承载力系数和水环境承载力系数月平均值分别是发展型枯水年(B3)情景下的2.23倍和2.36倍、2.13倍和3.22倍、2.13倍和2.55倍、2.12倍和2.53倍、1.58倍和1.74倍。实践表明,空间系统动力学模型能在时间和空间上协调处理社会经济与资源环境之间的关系,使模拟结果更加接近实际情况,可为同类地区的水资源管理提供科学依据。

基于生态安全的毛乌素沙地水资源承载力评价

毛乌素沙地地区作为我国生态治理成功有效的典型区域,相较于其他主要沙漠、沙地而言,具有资源丰富、水热配合好等优点,同时也是受到人类活动及气候变化威胁较大的生态脆弱区,如何保障生态安全的同时协调社会经济高质量发展,成为了当地所需解决的首要难题。以内蒙古鄂尔多斯毛乌素沙地地区为研究对象,构建基于生态安全的综合水资源承载力评价体系,运用投影寻踪法计算综合水资源承载力评价值,引入障碍度模型遴选地区承载力优势指标与劣势指标,采用耦合协调度模型测算资源-生态-社会系统耦合发展现状。结果表明:2000年至今毛乌素沙地地区的水资源承载力总体时间上呈现曲折上升趋势,但仍有提升空间,在空间上形成了“南北高,中心低”的空间分布特点,期间地下水供水能力、灌溉水利用系数和三产用水定额等是水资源承载力系统的主要“优势指标”,而人口、灌溉面积以及城镇化率则是阻碍水资源承载力提升的关键“劣势指标”,地区内各旗县耦合协调度从“十五”规划至今一直在中等水平范围内浮动。

武威市水环境质量状况及承载能力评价研究

本文以近10年武威市水资源和水环境质量监测数据为基础,分别对全市水资源和水生态环境状况进行综合分析。结果发现,武威市地下水资源、地表水资源、水资源总量的变化趋势高度趋同,水资源供需矛盾极为尖锐。但水环境质量稳中向好,持续得到显著改善。因而水资源严重不足仍是制约武威市可持续发展和生态环境保护与治理的关键。

基于多尺度融合的岷江流域国土空间资源环境承载力评价

[目的]进行基于多尺度融合的流域国土空间资源环境承载力评价研究,为后续有针对性地开展国土空间格局优化打下基础,也为流域的可持续发展提供科学依据和参考,促进资源和环境的协调发展。[方法]以岷江流域为例,从国土空间的多功能性特征与内涵出发,构建多尺度的国土空间资源环境承载力评价体系,并通过应用改进后的多尺度融合模型,对2000,2010和2020年3期研究断面的评价结果进行微观细部分析。[结果]①长期以来,流域整体生态承载力(CC_(E))多数在中等水平,生活承载力(CC_(L))多数在中等及以下,生产承载力(CC_(P))以低等级为主,造成综合承载力(CC_(C))以较低等级为主且无高等级;②研究期内,所有承载力的较低等级区域均有所扩张:CC_(E)多发生在流域中部与东南部,CC_(L)在流域上、中、下游均有发生,CC_(P)多发生在双流西部、南部与仁寿县,CC_(C)多发生在汶川县、蒲江县、井研县等地;③岷江上游具有高CC_(E)、低CC_(L)和CC_(P)的原因应归结于受到了地势地貌条件与社会经济水平所带来的双重影响,而成都主城区在社会经济高质量发展的推动下取得了突出水平的CC_(L),CC_(P)和CC_(C)并得以长期稳定保持。[结论]岷江流域在自然本底条件和社会经济水平方面存在巨大的区域差异,造成各地区承载力水平不一,阻碍实现地区间协调均衡发展。坚持推进高质量发展,调动省会成都的溢出效应与辐射作用,有利于提升承载力等级,缩小地区差距,带动流域整体协同发展。

自然资源资产实物量清查背景下怒江州资源环境承载力研究

自然资源资产实物量的实地清查工作是国家对进行自然资源资产管理和生态文明建设作出的重大决策部署。资源环境承载力评价是提高耕地资源利用效率、缓解土地用途冲突、促进人地和谐发展的重要手段,在经济高速发展、生态环境逐渐恶化的今天,资源环境承载力评价越发凸显其紧迫性和重要性。本文在全面了解怒江州辖区内自然资源数量、质量和价值量信息的背景下,基于空间数据对怒江州资源环境承载力进行综合评价。研究结果表明,怒江州资源环境承载力表现存在区域差异,福贡县和泸水市主要表现为低级承载力和中级承载力,贡山县主要表现为较高级承载力和高级承载力,兰坪县主要表现为中级承载力和较高级承载力。研究结果有助于推动怒江州生态环境保护和生态文明建设、同时可为优化自然资源配置和自然资源可持续发展提供一种新型管理工具。

建筑绿色化发展与资源环境承载力的综合评价研究——以京津冀、长三角、珠三角地区为例

为了界定建筑绿色化发展与资源环境承载情况,为建筑和环境的发展提供参考,提出建筑绿色化发展与资源环境承载力综合评价方法。考虑建筑绿色化发展与资源环境承载力的影响因素,收集建筑和资源的发展数据,从建筑绿色化发展和资源环境承载力两个方面构建综合评价指标体系,结合评价指标权重的计算结果,实现对建筑绿色化发展与资源环境承载力的综合评价。以京津冀、长三角、珠三角地区为研究对象,得出建筑绿色化发展和资源环境承载力的评分结果,通过与真实值的对比,证明优化设计评价方法具有更高的评价精度。

武威市水环境承载能力与城市发展关系研究

为解决武威市水资源短缺与水环境污染问题,本文对武威市水环境承载能力与城市发展关系进行研究,提出优化水资源管理、加强水环境保护和促进水资源可持续利用的策略,以期为相关人员提供参考。