For improving the theory of gradient microstructure of cartilage/bone interface, human distal femurs were studied. Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM）, histological sections and MicroCT were used to observe, measure ...For improving the theory of gradient microstructure of cartilage/bone interface, human distal femurs were studied. Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM）, histological sections and MicroCT were used to observe, measure and model the micro- structure of cartilage/bone interface. The results showed that the cartilage/bone interface is in a hierarchical structure which is composed of four different tissue layers. The interlocking of hyaline cartilage and calcified cartilage and that of calcified car- tilage and subchondral bone are in the manner of＂protrusion-pore＂ with average diameter of 17.0 gm and 34.1 lam respectively. In addition, the cancellous bone under the cartilage is also formed by four layer hierarchical structure, and the adjacent layers are connected by bone trabecula in the shape of H, I and Y, forming a complex interwoven network structure. Finally, the simplified structure model of the cartilage/bone interface was proposed according to the natural articular cartilage/bone interface. The simplified model is a 4-layer gradient biomimetic structure, which corresponds to four different tissues of natural cartilage/bone interface. The results of this work would be beneficial to the design of bionic scaffold for the tissue engineering of articular cartilage/bone.展开更多
背景:股骨头坏死出现新月征是病情进程的“分水岭”,修复和稳定骨-软骨界面对阻止病情继续进展和预防股骨头塌陷尤为重要。利用组织工程学同步修复、整合骨-软骨界面具有潜在优势。目的:综述探讨解决股骨头坏死软骨下分离的潜在适宜技...背景:股骨头坏死出现新月征是病情进程的“分水岭”,修复和稳定骨-软骨界面对阻止病情继续进展和预防股骨头塌陷尤为重要。利用组织工程学同步修复、整合骨-软骨界面具有潜在优势。目的:综述探讨解决股骨头坏死软骨下分离的潜在适宜技术。方法:检索1970年1月至2023年4月PubMed、Web of Science及中国知网、万方数据库中发表的相关文献,英文检索词:“Femoral head necrosis,Avascular necrosis of femoral head,Osteonecrosis of femoral head”等,中文检索词:“股骨头坏死,软骨下骨,软骨,软骨与软骨下骨整合”等,最终纳入114篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①结构缺陷、缺血缺氧环境、炎症因素和应力集中可能造成股骨头坏死软骨下分离现象,软骨下骨分离会造成塌陷进展,并且可能与保髋手术失败相关,利用组织工程支架实现支架与骨-软骨界面的整合是治疗股骨头坏死软骨下分离的潜在方法之一。②目前的文献研究表明,多相、梯度支架和复合材料在促进骨、软骨细胞黏附与增殖,骨软骨基质的沉积方面均有提升,有助于支架与骨-软骨界面的整合,对治疗股骨头坏死软骨下分离有参考价值。③通过对支架表面进行修饰可以提高与界面整合的效率,但有各自不同的优缺点,提供不同环境的支架能够诱导同种间充质干细胞差异分化,有助于不同界面之间的整合。④未来有望应用于股骨头坏死软骨下分离的支架应为复合材料,具有梯度化和差异化的仿生结构,通过表面修饰和干细胞加载促进骨-软骨界面与支架的整合以实现治疗目的,但仍需进一步研究验证,而支架的降解速率与修复进度同步和不同界面之间的稳定性是未来需要解决的主要问题。展开更多
Magnesium and its alloys are one of the most used materials for bone implants and tissue engineering.They are characterized by numerous advantages such as biodegradability,high biocompatibility and mechanical properti...Magnesium and its alloys are one of the most used materials for bone implants and tissue engineering.They are characterized by numerous advantages such as biodegradability,high biocompatibility and mechanical properties with values close to the human bone.Unfortunately,the implant surface must be adequately tuned,or Mg-based alloys must be alloyed with other chemical elements due to their increased corrosion effect in physiological media.This article reviews the clinical challenges related to bone repair and regeneration,classifying bone defects and presenting some of the most used and modern therapies for bone injuries,such as Ilizarov or Masquelet techniques or stem cell treatments.The implant interface challenges are related to new bone formation and fracture healing,implant degradation and hydrogen release.A detailed analysis of mechanical properties during implant degradation is extensively described based on different literature studies that included in vitro and in vivo tests correlated with material properties’characterization.Mg-based trauma implants such as plates and screws,intramedullary nails,Herbert screws,spine cages,rings for joint treatment and regenerative scaffolds are presented,taking into consideration their manufacturing technology,the implant geometrical dimensions and shape,the type of in vivo or in vitro studies and fracture localization.Modern technologies that modify or adapt the Mg-based implant interfaces are described by presenting the main surface microstructural modifications,physical deposition and chemical conversion coatings.The last part of the article provides some recommendations from a translational perspective,identifies the challenges associated with Mg-based implants and presents some future opportunities.This review outlines the available literature on trauma and regenerative bone implants and describes the main techniques used to control the alloy corrosion rate and the cellular environment of the implant.展开更多
背景:肌肉骨骼损伤和退行性疾病的手术治疗常涉及肌肉骨骼界面的重建,而实现肌肉骨骼界面与周围宿主组织的生物整合的关键是制造具有精确结构和不同材料的替代物。生物打印技术获得的人工组织可与天然肌肉骨骼界面组织具有相似的物理结...背景:肌肉骨骼损伤和退行性疾病的手术治疗常涉及肌肉骨骼界面的重建,而实现肌肉骨骼界面与周围宿主组织的生物整合的关键是制造具有精确结构和不同材料的替代物。生物打印技术获得的人工组织可与天然肌肉骨骼界面组织具有相似的物理结构和生物活性。目的:介绍肌肉骨骼界面组织的结构和生物功能特性,以及生物打印技术在肌肉骨骼界面重建中的应用。方法:由第一作者以"bioprinting,musculoskeletal interface,生物打印,肌肉骨骼界面"为关键词,检索2005至2019年期间PubMed、Web of Science、Springerlink、Medline、万方、CNKI数据库中的相关文献。初检文章201篇,筛选后对60篇文章进行分析。结果与结论:理想的生物打印肌肉骨骼界面移植物必须结构上与原界面组织相对应,以维持体内多变的生物力学环境;其次,植入之后必须保持这些植入物的生物活性,以开始修复和替换缺陷区域的功能。生物打印技术的发展为解决肌肉骨骼界面的重建带来了希望,但其仍然存在许多挑战:仿生功能性界面结构机械性能的提高、多个仿生结构的整合、生物打印结构的血管化,以及对力学刺激在界面组织发育和再生中的作用缺乏深入的研究。对于未来界面组织工程的研究方向,可以预料的是将种子细胞、细胞因子和基因治疗,以及生物反应器纳入界面组织工程支架中的一大热点,为解决界面组织整合这一难题提供创新性的解决方案。展开更多
基金This paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No： 50875201） and the National Hi-Tech Program of China （Grant No： 2009AA043801）. The authors thank Professor Yiping Tang from Xi＇an Jiaotong University for improving the manuscript.
文摘For improving the theory of gradient microstructure of cartilage/bone interface, human distal femurs were studied. Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM）, histological sections and MicroCT were used to observe, measure and model the micro- structure of cartilage/bone interface. The results showed that the cartilage/bone interface is in a hierarchical structure which is composed of four different tissue layers. The interlocking of hyaline cartilage and calcified cartilage and that of calcified car- tilage and subchondral bone are in the manner of＂protrusion-pore＂ with average diameter of 17.0 gm and 34.1 lam respectively. In addition, the cancellous bone under the cartilage is also formed by four layer hierarchical structure, and the adjacent layers are connected by bone trabecula in the shape of H, I and Y, forming a complex interwoven network structure. Finally, the simplified structure model of the cartilage/bone interface was proposed according to the natural articular cartilage/bone interface. The simplified model is a 4-layer gradient biomimetic structure, which corresponds to four different tissues of natural cartilage/bone interface. The results of this work would be beneficial to the design of bionic scaffold for the tissue engineering of articular cartilage/bone.
文摘背景:股骨头坏死出现新月征是病情进程的“分水岭”,修复和稳定骨-软骨界面对阻止病情继续进展和预防股骨头塌陷尤为重要。利用组织工程学同步修复、整合骨-软骨界面具有潜在优势。目的:综述探讨解决股骨头坏死软骨下分离的潜在适宜技术。方法:检索1970年1月至2023年4月PubMed、Web of Science及中国知网、万方数据库中发表的相关文献,英文检索词:“Femoral head necrosis,Avascular necrosis of femoral head,Osteonecrosis of femoral head”等,中文检索词:“股骨头坏死,软骨下骨,软骨,软骨与软骨下骨整合”等,最终纳入114篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①结构缺陷、缺血缺氧环境、炎症因素和应力集中可能造成股骨头坏死软骨下分离现象,软骨下骨分离会造成塌陷进展,并且可能与保髋手术失败相关,利用组织工程支架实现支架与骨-软骨界面的整合是治疗股骨头坏死软骨下分离的潜在方法之一。②目前的文献研究表明,多相、梯度支架和复合材料在促进骨、软骨细胞黏附与增殖,骨软骨基质的沉积方面均有提升,有助于支架与骨-软骨界面的整合,对治疗股骨头坏死软骨下分离有参考价值。③通过对支架表面进行修饰可以提高与界面整合的效率,但有各自不同的优缺点,提供不同环境的支架能够诱导同种间充质干细胞差异分化,有助于不同界面之间的整合。④未来有望应用于股骨头坏死软骨下分离的支架应为复合材料,具有梯度化和差异化的仿生结构,通过表面修饰和干细胞加载促进骨-软骨界面与支架的整合以实现治疗目的,但仍需进一步研究验证,而支架的降解速率与修复进度同步和不同界面之间的稳定性是未来需要解决的主要问题。
基金supported by a grant of the Romanian Ministry of Education and Research,CNCS-UEFISCDI,project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2020-2591,within PNCDI III。
文摘Magnesium and its alloys are one of the most used materials for bone implants and tissue engineering.They are characterized by numerous advantages such as biodegradability,high biocompatibility and mechanical properties with values close to the human bone.Unfortunately,the implant surface must be adequately tuned,or Mg-based alloys must be alloyed with other chemical elements due to their increased corrosion effect in physiological media.This article reviews the clinical challenges related to bone repair and regeneration,classifying bone defects and presenting some of the most used and modern therapies for bone injuries,such as Ilizarov or Masquelet techniques or stem cell treatments.The implant interface challenges are related to new bone formation and fracture healing,implant degradation and hydrogen release.A detailed analysis of mechanical properties during implant degradation is extensively described based on different literature studies that included in vitro and in vivo tests correlated with material properties’characterization.Mg-based trauma implants such as plates and screws,intramedullary nails,Herbert screws,spine cages,rings for joint treatment and regenerative scaffolds are presented,taking into consideration their manufacturing technology,the implant geometrical dimensions and shape,the type of in vivo or in vitro studies and fracture localization.Modern technologies that modify or adapt the Mg-based implant interfaces are described by presenting the main surface microstructural modifications,physical deposition and chemical conversion coatings.The last part of the article provides some recommendations from a translational perspective,identifies the challenges associated with Mg-based implants and presents some future opportunities.This review outlines the available literature on trauma and regenerative bone implants and describes the main techniques used to control the alloy corrosion rate and the cellular environment of the implant.
文摘背景:肌肉骨骼损伤和退行性疾病的手术治疗常涉及肌肉骨骼界面的重建,而实现肌肉骨骼界面与周围宿主组织的生物整合的关键是制造具有精确结构和不同材料的替代物。生物打印技术获得的人工组织可与天然肌肉骨骼界面组织具有相似的物理结构和生物活性。目的:介绍肌肉骨骼界面组织的结构和生物功能特性,以及生物打印技术在肌肉骨骼界面重建中的应用。方法:由第一作者以"bioprinting,musculoskeletal interface,生物打印,肌肉骨骼界面"为关键词,检索2005至2019年期间PubMed、Web of Science、Springerlink、Medline、万方、CNKI数据库中的相关文献。初检文章201篇,筛选后对60篇文章进行分析。结果与结论:理想的生物打印肌肉骨骼界面移植物必须结构上与原界面组织相对应,以维持体内多变的生物力学环境;其次,植入之后必须保持这些植入物的生物活性,以开始修复和替换缺陷区域的功能。生物打印技术的发展为解决肌肉骨骼界面的重建带来了希望,但其仍然存在许多挑战:仿生功能性界面结构机械性能的提高、多个仿生结构的整合、生物打印结构的血管化,以及对力学刺激在界面组织发育和再生中的作用缺乏深入的研究。对于未来界面组织工程的研究方向,可以预料的是将种子细胞、细胞因子和基因治疗,以及生物反应器纳入界面组织工程支架中的一大热点,为解决界面组织整合这一难题提供创新性的解决方案。
