Physicochemical Properties and Nutritional Ingredients of Kernel Oil of <i>Carya cathayensis</i>Sarg

Carya cathayensis Sarg is distributed near Tianmu mountain areas in Zhejiang Province and Anhui Province, China. Kernel of Carya cathayensis Sarg, which is well-known for the daintiness and nutritional content, is popular and very delicious food in eastern China. In this paper, we investigated the physiochemical properties and nutrient gradients of the kernel oil of Carya cathayensis Sarg. The results showed that the kernel oil of Carya cathayensis Sarg contained 63% of fat, 9.1% of proteins, 3.6% of starch and 4.6% of soluble proteins (based ration of weight). The compositions of the fatty acids were very similar to olive oil, and the total unsaturated fatty acids were 94%. Meanwhile, the kernel oil of Carya cathayensis Sarg also contained some polyphenols such as vanillic acid, ferulic acid, 3-methoxybenzoic acid and quercetin. The content of total polyphenols was 9.7 μg/g. Furthermore, the kernel oil of Carya cathayensis Sarg also contained some trace amount of squalene, β-Sitosterol, Vitamin E.

Predisposing factors’effects on mortality of oak (Quercus) and hickory (Carya) species in mature forests undergoing mesophication in Appalachian Ohio

Background:Mature oak(Quercus spp.)and hickory(Carya spp.)trees are gradually being replaced by more shadetolerant tree species across the eastern U.S.,likely due to fire suppression and increased precipitation.Oaks and hickories are highly valuable to wildlife;therefore,studying their mortality patterns can provide information on the longevity of habitat quality for many animal species.Oak mortality has most often been studied following large oak decline events,but background mortality rates in forests with aging oak and hickory canopies warrant equal attention,especially in the context of widespread oak and hickory regeneration failure.Methods:We studied background mortality rates of five oak and one hickory species over a 23–25 year time period(1993–1995 to 2018),using 821/20th hectare permanent plots on the Marietta Unit of the Wayne National Forest in southeastern Ohio.We calculated mortality rates based on remeasurement of individual trees for white oak(Quercus alba),chestnut oak(Quercus montana),northern red oak(Quercus rubra),black oak(Quercus velutina),scarlet oak(Quercus coccinea),and pignut hickory(Carya glabra).For each of these species other than scarlet oak,we also modeled the relationships of mortality probability with a priori topographic,soil,stand structural,and individual tree covariates,using a mixed-effects logistic regression framework.Results:The species with the highest mortality rate was scarlet oak(61.3%),followed by northern red oak(41.4%),black oak(26.7%),pignut hickory(23.9%),white oak(23.4%),and chestnut oak(19.1%).In our models,northern red oak mortality was associated with more mesic slope positions,shallower solums,more acidic soils,and older stand ages.Pignut hickory and chestnut oak mortality rates were associated with higher basal areas on the plot,while white oak mortality showed the opposite pattern.Conclusions:Our data suggest that red oak subgenus trees in mature forests of our area will become increasingly uncommon relative to white oak subgenus trees,as the result of higher mortality rates likely related to the shorter lifespans of these species.Particularly vulnerable areas may include more mesic topographic positions,shallower or more acidic soil,and older stands.Since maintaining oak subgenus diversity is beneficial to wildlife diversity in the eastern U.S.,managers in areas with extensive mature mixed-oak forests could choose to favor the red oak subgenus when conducting silvicultural treatments.

Effect of <i>Carya cathayensis Sarg</i>Shell Substrate on Yield and Nutrient Amount of <i>Pleurotus geesteranus</i>

Using cottonseed hull as the control substrate, different proportions of the untreated and treated Carya cathayensis Sarg shells were added to cultivation of Pleurotus geesteranus. The mycelial growth rate, yield, nutritional composition and contents of heavy metals of the Pleurotus geesteranus cultivated on these substrates were determined. The results suggest that added to treated Carya cathayensis Sarg shell promoted the mycelial growth and increased the yield, biological efficiency and the contents of crude fiber, ash, amino acids and essential amino acids of Pleurotus geesteranus. In addition, the fat content and soluble sugar contents of Pleurotus geesteranus were decreased with the increase of the Carya cathayensis Sarg shell content in substrate, but their contents of heavy metals including mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were higher than that obtained on control substrate.

Isolation and pathogenicity of fungi associated to ambrosia borer (<i>Euplatypus segnis</i>) found injuring pecan (<i>Carya illinoensis</i>) wood

Euplatypus segnis is an insect pest of economic importance in pecan (Carya illinoensis) trees grown at Parras, General Cepeda and Torreón Coahuila, Mexico. The objectives in this study-were to identify the fungal strains associated to ambrosia borer body and diseased pecan wood and determine their pathogenicity. The results showed that the associated fungi to Euplatypus segnis and damaging the pecan wood were identified as: Helminthosporium sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Phoma sp., Ascochyta sp., Phaecylomices sp., Umbeliopsis sp., Torula sp., Fusarium solani, Alternaria alternata, Fusarum oxysporum, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. The pathogenicity tests on healthy 3 year old pecan trees cv. western using Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Alternaria alternata and Lasiodiplodia theobromae suspension conidia shown die back tree branches after 84 days inoculation. The insect in combination with the fungal invasion eventually cause the death of trees. Additionally, the insect contributes to the spread of fungi in pecan nut orchards.

Analysis on the Regional Brand Operation Mode for Carya Cathayensis——A Case Study of Lin'an in Zhejiang

Lin'an City has a long history of growing,processing and selling Carya Cathayensis,a traditional special local product for which the city is well known.In recent years,Lin'an Carya Cathayensis gives full play to the industry cluster advantages and gains the reputation of"regional name brand of Zhejiang".However,it faces the predicament of regional brand operation,so industry transformation and upgrading as well as intensive farming for this brand are inevitable and necessary.This paper analyzes the current regional brand operation mode of Carya Cathayensis in Lin'an to find out that the growth of this brand is constrained by messy business entities,weak brand protection effect,significant lemon market effect,insufficient industry association efforts and wanting brand culture construction,thus it puts forward the conception of a business alliance based regional brand operation mode for the Carya Cathayensis in Lin'an.The results of this study shall provide theoretical guidance and empirical basis for the marketing practice of the regional brand of Carya Cathayensis in Lin'an.

Means-End Chain Based Brand Positioning Strategy for Lin'an Carya Cathayensis Sarg

Based on the theory of Means-End Chain,this paper surveyed value cognition structure of 36 member consumers through the laddering interview. According to the survey,it made an in-depth analysis on brand positioning strategy for Lin'an Carya Cathayensis Sarg,and obtained the existing brand operating model. It is hoped to explore effective strategy of brand positioning for agricultural product enterprises in Zhejiang Province,and accordingly lift core competitiveness of agricultural products of Zhejiang Province.

Antioxidation effect of Carya cathayensis sarg oil

[Objective] The antioxidation effect of Carya cathayensis sarg (CCS) Oil was qualitatively and quantitatively detected. [Method] 50 male mice were divided into 5 groups equally and randomly and among them,the three groups were either negative,or model control,or positive control (ginseng saponins),respectively. Two remaining groups were orally fed with low and high dosages of CCS oil ((9 ml/(kg·d) and (33 ml/(kg·d)),respectively. All groups were injected D-galactose through hypodermic except the negative control ones which were only treated with equals amount of distilled water. The superoxide dismutase (SOD),maleic dialdehyde(MDA) and monoamine oxidase(MAO) were analyzed with blood sample and brain tissue 42 days post treatment. [Result] It was showed that the activity of SOD enzyme was increased in the CCS oil groups,while MDA and MAO content were decreased in the CCS oil groups compared with that of other groups with significance observed in the group fed with high dose of CCS oil. [Conclusion] The result indicated that the CCS oil has the ability of antioxidation and is useful to human health.

Antihyperuricemic and Nephroprotective Effects of the Total Flavonoids from Carya cathayensis Leaves(CCTF)in Potassium Oxonate/hypoxanthine-induced Hyperuricemic Mice

Background:Abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood,defined as hyperuricemia(HUA),increases the chance of developing various disorders,such as gout,hypertension,and diabetes.There is a critical need to create safer and more potent therapeutic medications since the current clinical treatment for HUA has a number of negative effects.Objective:To explore the antihyperuricemic benefits of the total flavonoids from Carya cathayensis leaves(CCTF)in HUA model mice and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.Methods:The mouse HUA model was induced with potassium oxonate and hypoxanthine and then the mice were given normal saline,allopurinol,or various dosages of CCTF for one week.The weight of the mice was recorded,followed by measurements of their blood uric acid(UA),creatinine(Cr),urea nitrogen(BUN),aspar-tate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),and xanthine oxidase(XOD)activity.Hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining and Manson staining were used to simultaneously detect pathological abnormalities in the liver and kidney tissues.Afterward,the mRNA expression of urate transporters in kidney was determined by qRT‒PCR experiments,including ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily G member 2(Abcg2),urate trans-porter 1(Urat1),and glucose transporter 9(Glut9).Finally,immunohistochemistry(IHC)staining was performed to confirm ABCG2 protein expression in the kidney.Results:In contrast to the model group,the CCTF group lowered blood levels of UA,Cr,BUN,ALT,and AST in serum,downregulated XOD levels in serum and liver,and significantly improved liver and renal damage,exhibiting outstanding antihyperuricemic effects.The levels of Urat1 and Glut9 were further shown to be much lower in the kidney,whereas both Abcg2 expression and ABCG2 level were increased,according to the findings.Conclusion:CCTF ameliorated hyperuricemia-related kidney damage and had antihyperuricemic effects,suggest-ing that CCTF might have the potential to protect against HUA by regulating the expression of relative urate transporters and XOD.

不同品种山核桃幼苗叶片光合及叶绿素荧光特性的比较分析

为了给不同品种山核桃高效栽培提供科学依据,开展5个山核桃品种幼苗叶片光合及叶绿素荧光特性的比较分析来筛选高光效品种,以2年生山核桃为研究对象,采用光合测定仪(LI-6800)及叶绿素荧光仪(MINI-PAM-Ⅱ)测定5个品种山核桃的叶片光合及叶绿素荧光特性,进行相关性分析,并利用隶属函数法对光合能力进行综合评价。相关性分析结果显示:5个山核桃品种P_(n)、C_(i)、G_(s)、T_(r)、WUE等指标均达到极显著差异;净光合速率与G_(s)、T_(r)呈极显著正相关,C_(i)与G_(s)、Y_(II)呈显著性正相关,与qP呈显著性负相关。隶属函数分析表明,供试品种的光合能力依次为:宁国山核桃2号>宁国山核桃4号>宁国山核桃3号>宁国山核桃5号>宁国山核桃1号。可见5个山核桃品种光合特性存在差异。宁国山核桃2号和3号光合能力较强,蒸腾速率较高,水分利用率低,生产中宜选择水肥条件较好的造林地;宁国山核桃4号耗散过剩光能热量的能力最强,具有较高的光保护能力,其他山核桃品种幼林期建议间作高杆玉米等适度遮阴。

生草对山核桃林地土壤微生物群落结构和多样性的影响

山核桃林下设置3种人工生草(油菜、绵枣儿、野豌豆)及清耕(对照)4个处理,种植4年后,采用高通量测序技术分析各处理土壤微生物群落结构及多样性,研究不同处理微生物与环境因子关联性。结果表明:山核桃林下不同生草处理占优势地位的土壤细菌群落为酸杆菌门和变形菌门,油菜处理上层(0~10 cm)土壤较下层(20~40 cm)变形菌门的相对丰度提高71.41%;各生草处理占优势地位的真菌群落为子囊菌门、担子菌门和球囊菌门,上层(0~10 cm)土壤球囊菌门相对丰度较对照分别提高202.81%、193.90%、65.04%,各生草处理上层土壤细菌群落物种组成均匀度较高且物种丰富,油菜处理上层土壤Chao1、Shannon、Ace指数显著高于其他生草处理。土壤真菌群落的多样性指数各处理间均未达到显著性差异。树状聚类图显示,不同生草处理对土壤的细菌、真菌群落均具有显著的影响。基于门水平下土壤群落结构和环境因子的典范对应分析(CCA)可知,细菌群落结构与pH、全磷、有效磷呈极显著正相关,与有机质呈显著正相关;真菌群落结构与pH呈极显著正相关,与全磷、有效磷、过氧化氢酶呈显著正相关。这说明不同生草处理对山核桃林地土壤微生物影响较大,选择适宜的生草种类可改善土壤微生物群落结构,提高细菌群落物种组成均匀度及丰富度,其中油菜综合效果最好。

油茶和薄壳山核桃间作对土壤养分和真菌多样性的影响

【目的】探讨油茶和薄壳山核桃间作对土壤养分和真菌多样性的影响。【方法】以油茶单作模式(Cam)、油茶+薄壳山核桃间作模式(Cam&Car)和薄壳山核桃单作模式(Car)3种林地为研究对象,采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序等技术,分析0~30 cm林地土壤主要理化性质和酶活性、真菌群落组成结构和多样性以及真菌与土壤环境因子的相关性。【结果】间作模式林地土壤pH值和水解性氮、有效磷、有机质含量均居于Car单作模式和Cam单作模式之间。间作模式一定程度上提升了薄壳山核桃土壤酶活性,降低了土壤有效钾(AK)、有效硫(AS)、交换性钙(ECa)含量。3种模式土壤真菌测序共获得1 084个OTUs,共有OTUs数量为111个,特有OTUs的数量表现为Car> Cam&Car> Cam。3种模式共鉴定出8门11纲56目131科201属257种真菌,其中Saccharomycetes、Sordariomycetes、Agaricomycetes是3种模式共有优势菌纲,Wickerhamomyces是共有优势菌属。Alpha多样性分析表明,3种模式土壤真菌ACE指数存在显著差异,即Car> Cam&Car> Cam,而Shannon指数和Simpson指数没有显著差异。基于Bray-Curtis距离的土壤真菌群落组成主坐标分析结果表明,Cam&Car间作模式与Car单作模式和Cam单作模式均有交集,其中与Car单作模式交集较多。相关性分析结果表明,属水平主要真菌与土壤环境因子存在相关关系,其中与交换性钙含量、有效钾含量、有效硫含量存在显著性负相关。【结论】油茶与薄壳山核桃间作增大了林地养分消耗,但也一定程度上提升了薄壳山核桃土壤酶活性和微生物多样性。建议油茶和薄壳山核桃间作时,加大肥力管理,特别是含钙、钾和硫元素肥料的投入。

2种砧木嫁接对山核桃幼苗生长及光合特性的影响

本文开展了2种砧木嫁接山核桃幼苗的生长及光合特性比较分析,为筛选更适宜的山核桃嫁接砧木提供参考。结果表明:以薄壳山核桃为砧木的山核桃嫁接苗成活率达到90.26%,极显著高于湖南山核桃砧木嫁接苗;湖南山核桃砧木嫁接苗苗高、地径、叶片数等指标极显著高于薄壳山核桃砧木嫁接苗。2种砧木嫁接的山核桃苗P_(n)存在极显著差异,G_(s)存在显著差异,C_(i)、T_(r)、WUE等各指标值差异不显著,qP、NPQ及F_(v)/F_(m)存在极显著差异。湖南山核桃砧木嫁接苗P_(n)与G_(s)呈显著性正相关,而薄壳山核桃砧木嫁接苗P_(n)与G_(s)呈负相关。薄壳山核桃砧木嫁接苗成活率显著高于湖南山核桃砧木嫁接苗,但湖南山核桃砧木嫁接苗长势更好。薄壳山核桃砧木嫁接苗P_(n)显著高于湖南山核桃砧木嫁接苗,光合能力较强,蒸腾速率较高,水分利用率高,且薄壳山核桃砧木嫁接苗耗散过剩光能热量、适应干旱天气能力较强,具有较高的光保护能力,在育苗中应保证充足的光照及水分供给;而湖南山核桃砧木嫁接苗苗期建议搭建遮阳网进行适度遮蔽。

山核桃(Carya cathayensis)与油棕(Elaeis guineensis)成油基因的比较

山核桃是木本油料树种中含油率极高的经济树种。为了识别山核桃成油的关键基因,本研究将山核桃种子生长发育期胚转录组数据与油棕中果皮发育期转录组数据进行了比对分析。结果发现山核桃与油棕比对上的脂类代谢及碳水化合物代谢基因比例很高,其中有15个脂类代谢基因在油棕中有表达,而在山核桃中表达量极低;有35个脂类代谢基因在山核桃中相对表达量较高,在油棕中相对表达量较低,但只有14个基因与种子成油有关。有13个碳水化合物代谢相关基因在油棕中表达,而在山核桃中表达量低或并不是各时间点都能检测到;有26个基因在山核桃中表达,而在油棕中表达量低或未检测到,且所有这些基因均与脂肪酸合成的碳源供应有关。山核桃胚中识别的这些基因有3个基因的表达与含油率变化趋势一致,且在山核桃和油棕中的表达模式相似,但只有基因OBO(编码Oil-body oleosin,油体油菜素)表达量很高;油棕中高表达的基因山核桃中有8个,但它们的表达量均不如基因OBO。研究说明不同油料物种的成油相关基因表达有异同,基因OBO对山核桃高油脂的积累具有特殊的作用。

碧根果致敏原Car i 1的分离纯化及表征鉴定

目的分离纯化碧根果致敏原Car i 1,并对其结构进行表征鉴定。方法以新鲜碧根果果仁为原料,通过粉碎、脱脂、浸提、粗分级、凝胶过滤层析,对碧根果致敏原蛋白Car i 1进行分离纯化。结合十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、液相色谱-串联质谱法和免疫印迹法3种方法对Cari1进行鉴定,并通过圆二色谱仪与紫外分光光度计表征其二、三级结构。结果本方法纯化获得碧根果致敏原Cari1,单轮制备量可达5 mg以上,且纯度大于95%,蛋白质高级结构未被破坏,能够被全部3名碧根果过敏患者的血清准确识别。结论该纯化方法技术路线简单、设备要求低且单次制备量高,总得率可达65%,操作便捷,为碧根果致敏原Car i 1的相关研究奠定了物质基础。

不同施磷水平下外生菌根真菌对薄壳山核桃幼苗生长和磷吸收的影响

采用盆栽实验,比较了低磷(0.05 mmol·L^(-1))和正常施磷(0.50 mmol·L^(-1))下接种土生空团菌(Cenococcum geophilum Fries)和豆马勃属菌(Pisolithus sp.)以及未接菌的薄壳山核桃〔Carya illinoinensis(Wangenh.)K.Koch〕幼苗在净光合速率、干质量、营养元素吸收以及土壤酶活性的差异。结果显示:低磷条件下,土生空团菌和豆马勃属菌的幼苗菌根侵染率分别为39.9%和35.5%;正常施磷条件下,这2种真菌的幼苗菌根侵染率分别为41.4%和31.9%。总体上看,缺磷会抑制幼苗光合作用,减少干质量以及叶中全氮、全磷和全钾含量;接菌处理促进了幼苗光合作用,增加了干质量以及根、茎、叶中全氮、全磷和全钾含量。低磷条件下,接种豆马勃属菌对幼苗光合作用和干质量增加的提升效果显著优于接种土生空团菌,接种土生空团菌对幼苗营养元素吸收的提升效果总体优于接种豆马勃属菌。低磷条件下,接菌处理提高了土壤中β-葡萄糖苷酶、N-乙酰-β-葡萄糖苷酶和碱性磷酸酶活性,降低了亮氨酸氨基肽酶活性,且接种豆马勃属菌对土壤酶活性的提升效果优于接种土生空团菌。综合分析认为,外生菌根真菌对薄壳山核桃幼苗在低磷条件下的磷吸收和生长具有明显促进作用,不同菌种对薄壳山核桃幼苗生长和土壤酶活性的影响存在差异,在提高磷利用效率和宿主植株干质量方面表现出不同的优势。

基于UPLC-Q-Exactive MS技术3种核桃类种仁中甘油酯组成比较

基于超高效液相色谱-四级杆-轨道阱高分辨质谱联用(UPLC-Q-Exactive MS)技术比较分析了山核桃(Carya cathayensis Sarg.)、胡桃(Juglans regia Linn.)和薄壳山核桃〔Carya illinoinensis(Wangenh.)K.Koch〕3种木本油料作物种仁中甘油酯的组成及差异,结合LipidSearch软件和混合脂质内标对脂质分子进行定性及定量分析。结果显示:3种核桃类种仁中均鉴定到298个甘油酯,包括245个甘油三酯、38个甘油二酯、1个单半乳糖甘油二酯、9个双半乳糖甘油二酯和5个硫代异鼠李糖甘油二酯。偏最小二乘法判别分析得到104个变量投影重要度(VIP)大于1的脂质分子。山核桃和薄壳山核桃种仁中甘油三酯的主要脂肪酸为油酸,胡桃种仁中甘油三酯的主要脂肪酸为亚油酸。3种核桃类种仁中甘油二酯的主要脂肪酸均为亚油酸,其次为油酸。山核桃和薄壳山核桃种仁的甘油酯组成更为相近。UPLC-Q-Exactive MS可作为鉴别这3种木本油料作物种仁中甘油酯组成的有效方式。

薄壳山核桃树体生物量构成及养分需求规律

【目的】探明薄壳山核桃幼林植株生物量构成及养分需求规律,为薄壳山核桃幼株合理施肥提供理论依据。【方法】通过开展薄壳山核桃幼株生物量构成调查和矿质元素含量测定,明确不同生长发育期幼株养分需求情况,采用彻底刨根分解取样法测定不同生长发育期幼株不同器官的生物量以及N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu和Zn等矿质养分含量,计算幼株年周期内矿质养分需求比例。【结果】薄壳山核桃幼株生物量主要由根、茎、枝和叶构成,根生物量约占全株的1/2,枝生物量约占1/3,茎生物量约占1/7,叶生物量约占1/25,不同时期幼株干物质含量从高到低依次为11月、3月、9月、7月、5月,不同器官相对干物质含量从高到低依次为地下部分、根、地上部分、枝、茎、叶;幼株单株当年生物量中大量元素N、P、K、Ca、Mg分配比例为8.02︰1.00︰9.24︰31.15︰1.09,Ca的占比最大,达60.71%,微量元素Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn的分配比例为43.06︰28.31︰1.00︰4.96,薄壳山核桃幼株对Mn和Fe的需求远大于其他微量元素,在3月主要需求Fe,5月主要需求N、P和Mg,7月主要需求Mg和Fe,9月主要需求K,11月主要需求Ca,Mn在5—11月需求都较大。【结论】明确了薄壳山核桃幼株不同器官生物量的构成比例,大量元素和微量元素的需求配比,以及不同生长发育期对不同矿质养分的需求状况。

不同品种薄壳山核桃幼苗对淹水胁迫的生理响应和耐涝性评价

为给5个不同品种薄壳山核桃(Carya illinoinensis)在广西的引种和推广提供科学依据,以绍兴、金华、贝克、卡多和波尼品种2年生薄壳山核桃幼苗为材料,设置半淹水和全淹水处理,研究幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性及丙二醛(MDA)和可溶性蛋白(SP)含量的变化,并对幼苗的耐涝能力进行综合评价。结果表明,不同品种、处理时间和处理方法及其交互作用对SOD、POD、CAT和PPO活性及MDA和SP含量均影响极显著。不同抗氧化酶均能在胁迫初期响应淹水环境;淹水胁迫进行到中后期,大部分品种的MDA含量均处于较高水平,部分品种的抗氧化酶活性和SP含量也均处于较高水平;薄壳山核桃幼苗通过积累SP含量和提高抗氧化酶活性,减轻淹水胁迫造成的损伤。隶属函数分析表明,全淹水和半淹水处理下,金华和卡多品种的耐涝性均较好,绍兴、波尼和贝克品种的耐涝性均较差。

薄壳山核桃主栽品种花期观察及品种配置

对薄壳山核桃〔Carya illinoinensis(Wangenh.)K.Koch〕8个主栽品种的花期以及8个主栽品种和12个开花结实表现较好的品种的雌花可授期和雄花散粉期进行观察,确定品种配置方案。结果显示:薄壳山核桃8个主栽品种的花期基本在4月中下旬至5月中上旬。‘波尼’(‘Pawnee’)的初花期最早,‘金华’(‘Jinhua’)的初花期最晚。‘马罕’(‘Mahan’)的终花期最早,‘金华’的终花期最晚。‘波尼’和‘卡多’(‘Caddo’)雌花的盛花期持续时间为15 d,其余6个主栽品种雌花和雄花的盛花期持续5~9 d。‘波尼’、‘卡多’、‘曼丹’(‘Mandan’)和‘苏普锐尔’(‘Surprize’)的可授期持续11~14 d。总体上看,‘波尼’和‘卡多’的可授期与其余主栽品种的散粉期重叠,且二者的散粉期与其余主栽品种的可授期重叠。‘金华’的可授期与‘马罕’、‘绍兴’(‘Shaoxing’)、‘威奇塔’(‘Wichita’)、‘斯图尔特’(‘Stuart’)和‘特贾斯’(‘Tejas’)的散粉期重叠。8个主栽品种的散粉期持续5~7 d,其中,‘波尼’的散粉期最早开始,‘金华’的散粉期最晚开始。‘金华’、‘威奇塔’、‘斯图尔特’、‘特贾斯’、‘曼丹’和‘苏普锐尔’可以作为‘波尼’和‘卡多’的授粉树,‘波尼’、‘卡多’、‘曼丹’和‘苏普锐尔’可以作为‘马罕’、‘绍兴’、‘威奇塔’、‘斯图尔特’和‘特贾斯’的授粉树。

13种杀虫剂对木橑尺蠖的室内毒力测定及田间防效

【目的】木橑尺蠖Culcula panterinaria是一种杂食性鳞翅目害虫,为了对浙江省临安区山核桃等多种果树木和经济作物进行有效防治。【方法】本研究分别采用浸液法、浸叶法测定了13种杀虫剂对木橑尺蠖卵与1龄、3龄、5龄3个龄期幼虫的室内毒力,并通过田间试验测定了13种杀虫剂对木撩尺蠖的田间防效。【结果】乙基多杀菌素、多杀菌素和氯虫苯甲酰胺对木橑尺蠖卵的致死中浓度(LC_(50))分别为0.322、0.514和0.656 mg/L;多杀菌素、氯虫苯甲酰胺和乙基多杀菌素对木橑尺蠖5龄幼虫的毒力较高,致死中浓度(LC_(50))分别为1.414、2.147和2.658 mg/L。多杀菌素、氯虫苯甲酰胺和乙基多杀菌素对木橑尺蠖的田间防效高于其他杀虫剂,其中多杀菌素的田间防效为94.56%。【结论】推荐生物源杀虫剂多杀菌素或乙基多杀菌素与氯虫苯甲酰胺轮换使用可防治木橑尺蠖。