The mulfifractal formalism for single measure is reviewed. Next, a mixed generalized multifractal formalism is introduced which extends the multifractal formalism of a single measure based on generalizations of the Ha...The mulfifractal formalism for single measure is reviewed. Next, a mixed generalized multifractal formalism is introduced which extends the multifractal formalism of a single measure based on generalizations of the Hausdorff and packing measures to a vector of simultaneously many measures. Borel-Cantelli and Large deviations Theorems are extended to higher orders and thus applied for the validity of the new variant of the multifractal formalism for some special cases of multi-doubling type measures.展开更多
Introduction: Finding the missing Tuberculosis (TB) cases remains the single most important priority for TB control in Nigeria. Between 66% - 92% of all cases of respiratory diseases including those with symptoms sugg...Introduction: Finding the missing Tuberculosis (TB) cases remains the single most important priority for TB control in Nigeria. Between 66% - 92% of all cases of respiratory diseases including those with symptoms suggestive of TB are first seen byprivate health providers. Dependable, quality surveillance systems and notification are key roles in health services delivery, particularly as it is related to TB control. However, poor notification has been a challenge. This study was to assess the contribution of the public private mix (PPM) to Nigeria Tuberculosis national case notification. Methods: It was a national cross-sectional study. Data were extracted from the National database and reviewed. Private facilities were engaged in 2017 and assessed over 2018-2020. Interventions included: enrolling private practitioners (Private-For-Profit, Faith Based Organization, Private Medicine Vendors and Community Pharmacists), engaging a private standalone Laboratory for Gene Xpert testing within the network of private facilities, use of Mobile App for easy screening and reporting, instituting a HUB and spoke, and incentives to private providers for participating. Each private provider had a customized approach. Trend analysis was performed using Cochran-Armitage χ<sup>2</sup> test for linear trends. Level of significance was at a p value of Results: Total case notification increased from 104,904 cases in 2017 to 138,591 in 2020. There were 2.0% increase in 2018, 13.0% in 2019 and 15.0% in 2020 (p < 0.001). PPM contribution to case notification increased from 10,699 cases in 2017 to 12,625 in 2018, then 17,250 in 2019 and 38,865 in 2020. There were 18.0% increase in 2018, 36.6% in 2019 and 125.3% increase in 2020 (p ). Conclusion: Effective engagement of the private sector in TB control efforts in Nigeria using a variety of approaches resulting in improved TB notification is possible. The National TB Programme should engage all private practitioners such that each practitioner will practice at least one TB service model.展开更多
BACKGROUND Mixed malignant Mullerian tumours(MMMTs)are highly aggressive cancers that present at a late stage and are associated with a poor long-term prognosis.They are characterised by the presence of both epithelia...BACKGROUND Mixed malignant Mullerian tumours(MMMTs)are highly aggressive cancers that present at a late stage and are associated with a poor long-term prognosis.They are characterised by the presence of both epithelial and sarcomatous tissue types on histological examination and hence are known as biphasic tumours or carcinosarcomas.MMMTs almost always arise in the female genital tract(most commonly the uterus)but extragenital sites are also possible.Treatment options are limited and usually consists of surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy.CASE SUMMARY A 74-year-old woman presented with a 1-wk history of worsening left upper quadrant abdominal pain and a perisplenic mass on computed tomography(CT)scan.Features on imaging raised the possibility of a malignant process but were not diagnostic.Splenectomy was performed and histology confirmed the presence of a mixed malignant Mullerian tumour.A subsequent pelvic ultrasound identified another heterogenous cystic mass in the Pouch of Douglas without evidence of primary pathology in the uterus or adnexa.A second operation was performed for this with curative intent but previously-unknown widespread metastases were encountered at laparotomy.A biopsy of the pelvic mass confirmed it was also a MMMT with identical histological features to the perisplenic mass.There was no clinical or histological evidence of the MMMT having arisen primarily from the female genital tract.The patient subsequently suffered multi-organ failure and was palliated,succumbing to death on the 19th post-operative day.CONCLUSION Primary extragenital MMMT arising from the spleen or peritoneum represents an atypical form of an already rare gynaecological tumour.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is a rare tumor that demonstrates aggressive growth pattern with ingrowth into the tract, metastasis to the other organs, and invasion to the surrounding organs;the...BACKGROUND Colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is a rare tumor that demonstrates aggressive growth pattern with ingrowth into the tract, metastasis to the other organs, and invasion to the surrounding organs;these clinical characteristics result in poor prognosis. Surgical resection appears as an effective approach;however, because it is difficult to accurately diagnose NEC during the early stage and owing to its aggressive growth pattern, development of a reliable standard chemotherapy regimen and management strategies are essential. CASE SUMMARY Here, we report the case of patient with NEC showing an aggressive growth pattern that resulted in the rupture of the tumor to the outside the colon after stenting of the internal colonic stenosis. In addition, the tumor invaded into the duodenum, thereby causing duodenal stenosis that required an additional stent in the duodenum. This aggressive growth pattern is one of the main features of the NEC that is different from adenocarcinoma. To clarify the clinical characteristics, we reviewed 60 recently reported cases, including data on tumor location, size, treatment, and prognosis. CONCLUSION We consider that the information presented here is of great significance for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of symptoms of the patients with NEC.展开更多
综述了疾病诊断相关分组(Diagnosis Related Groups,DRG)的国内外发展状况、对绩效的评价方式,从护理工作量、护理不良事件、护理成本、护理职业发展方面进行梳理,阐释了DRG对护理管理产生的影响,并针对DRG改革下护理绩效模式、护士分...综述了疾病诊断相关分组(Diagnosis Related Groups,DRG)的国内外发展状况、对绩效的评价方式,从护理工作量、护理不良事件、护理成本、护理职业发展方面进行梳理,阐释了DRG对护理管理产生的影响,并针对DRG改革下护理绩效模式、护士分级、预测护士数量、平衡护理成本、提升护理工作效率等方面提出护理管理策略,以期促进护理管理者探索护理管理新模式。展开更多
目的利用疾病诊断相关分组(diagnosis related group,DRG)数据,分析大型公立医院重点科室病组结构及变化趋势,探究科室病组干预及优化重点,进而推动科室资源合理统筹。方法回顾性收集北京市某大型公立医院2个外科科室2017—2023年的DRG...目的利用疾病诊断相关分组(diagnosis related group,DRG)数据,分析大型公立医院重点科室病组结构及变化趋势,探究科室病组干预及优化重点,进而推动科室资源合理统筹。方法回顾性收集北京市某大型公立医院2个外科科室2017—2023年的DRG数据。在2个外科科室病例组合指数(case mix index,CMI)出现下降时,均及时采用绩效考核、科室宣教、院内公示等方式进行干预,观察CMI值变化,并分析其病组权重、时间消耗指数、费用消耗指数、低风险组死亡率等变化趋势。结果干预后,外科一权重较低的病组,如甲状腺大手术(KD1)收治比例明显降低,权重较高的病组,如结直肠恶性肿瘤手术(GB2)、胰腺恶性肿瘤手术(HB1)收治比例明显增加;外科二权重较低的病组,如化疗(RE1)收治比例明显降低,权重较高的病组,如肾、输尿管及膀胱恶性肿瘤的大手术(LA1)、肾上腺手术(KC1)、除恶性肿瘤大手术外的肾/输尿管/膀胱手术(LB1)、男性生殖器官恶性肿瘤手术(MA1)收治比例明显增加,2个科室均实现了CMI值上升的目标。从效率、费用、质量指标看,2个科室的时间消耗指数与费用消耗指数均显著低于1,低风险组死亡率均为0。结论大型公立医院立足实际、结合发展目标,通过合理干预,可实现CMI值提升与病组结构优化,提高医疗效率和资源合理利用。展开更多
文摘The mulfifractal formalism for single measure is reviewed. Next, a mixed generalized multifractal formalism is introduced which extends the multifractal formalism of a single measure based on generalizations of the Hausdorff and packing measures to a vector of simultaneously many measures. Borel-Cantelli and Large deviations Theorems are extended to higher orders and thus applied for the validity of the new variant of the multifractal formalism for some special cases of multi-doubling type measures.
文摘Introduction: Finding the missing Tuberculosis (TB) cases remains the single most important priority for TB control in Nigeria. Between 66% - 92% of all cases of respiratory diseases including those with symptoms suggestive of TB are first seen byprivate health providers. Dependable, quality surveillance systems and notification are key roles in health services delivery, particularly as it is related to TB control. However, poor notification has been a challenge. This study was to assess the contribution of the public private mix (PPM) to Nigeria Tuberculosis national case notification. Methods: It was a national cross-sectional study. Data were extracted from the National database and reviewed. Private facilities were engaged in 2017 and assessed over 2018-2020. Interventions included: enrolling private practitioners (Private-For-Profit, Faith Based Organization, Private Medicine Vendors and Community Pharmacists), engaging a private standalone Laboratory for Gene Xpert testing within the network of private facilities, use of Mobile App for easy screening and reporting, instituting a HUB and spoke, and incentives to private providers for participating. Each private provider had a customized approach. Trend analysis was performed using Cochran-Armitage χ<sup>2</sup> test for linear trends. Level of significance was at a p value of Results: Total case notification increased from 104,904 cases in 2017 to 138,591 in 2020. There were 2.0% increase in 2018, 13.0% in 2019 and 15.0% in 2020 (p < 0.001). PPM contribution to case notification increased from 10,699 cases in 2017 to 12,625 in 2018, then 17,250 in 2019 and 38,865 in 2020. There were 18.0% increase in 2018, 36.6% in 2019 and 125.3% increase in 2020 (p ). Conclusion: Effective engagement of the private sector in TB control efforts in Nigeria using a variety of approaches resulting in improved TB notification is possible. The National TB Programme should engage all private practitioners such that each practitioner will practice at least one TB service model.
文摘BACKGROUND Mixed malignant Mullerian tumours(MMMTs)are highly aggressive cancers that present at a late stage and are associated with a poor long-term prognosis.They are characterised by the presence of both epithelial and sarcomatous tissue types on histological examination and hence are known as biphasic tumours or carcinosarcomas.MMMTs almost always arise in the female genital tract(most commonly the uterus)but extragenital sites are also possible.Treatment options are limited and usually consists of surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy.CASE SUMMARY A 74-year-old woman presented with a 1-wk history of worsening left upper quadrant abdominal pain and a perisplenic mass on computed tomography(CT)scan.Features on imaging raised the possibility of a malignant process but were not diagnostic.Splenectomy was performed and histology confirmed the presence of a mixed malignant Mullerian tumour.A subsequent pelvic ultrasound identified another heterogenous cystic mass in the Pouch of Douglas without evidence of primary pathology in the uterus or adnexa.A second operation was performed for this with curative intent but previously-unknown widespread metastases were encountered at laparotomy.A biopsy of the pelvic mass confirmed it was also a MMMT with identical histological features to the perisplenic mass.There was no clinical or histological evidence of the MMMT having arisen primarily from the female genital tract.The patient subsequently suffered multi-organ failure and was palliated,succumbing to death on the 19th post-operative day.CONCLUSION Primary extragenital MMMT arising from the spleen or peritoneum represents an atypical form of an already rare gynaecological tumour.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is a rare tumor that demonstrates aggressive growth pattern with ingrowth into the tract, metastasis to the other organs, and invasion to the surrounding organs;these clinical characteristics result in poor prognosis. Surgical resection appears as an effective approach;however, because it is difficult to accurately diagnose NEC during the early stage and owing to its aggressive growth pattern, development of a reliable standard chemotherapy regimen and management strategies are essential. CASE SUMMARY Here, we report the case of patient with NEC showing an aggressive growth pattern that resulted in the rupture of the tumor to the outside the colon after stenting of the internal colonic stenosis. In addition, the tumor invaded into the duodenum, thereby causing duodenal stenosis that required an additional stent in the duodenum. This aggressive growth pattern is one of the main features of the NEC that is different from adenocarcinoma. To clarify the clinical characteristics, we reviewed 60 recently reported cases, including data on tumor location, size, treatment, and prognosis. CONCLUSION We consider that the information presented here is of great significance for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of symptoms of the patients with NEC.
文摘综述了疾病诊断相关分组(Diagnosis Related Groups,DRG)的国内外发展状况、对绩效的评价方式,从护理工作量、护理不良事件、护理成本、护理职业发展方面进行梳理,阐释了DRG对护理管理产生的影响,并针对DRG改革下护理绩效模式、护士分级、预测护士数量、平衡护理成本、提升护理工作效率等方面提出护理管理策略,以期促进护理管理者探索护理管理新模式。
文摘目的利用疾病诊断相关分组(diagnosis related group,DRG)数据,分析大型公立医院重点科室病组结构及变化趋势,探究科室病组干预及优化重点,进而推动科室资源合理统筹。方法回顾性收集北京市某大型公立医院2个外科科室2017—2023年的DRG数据。在2个外科科室病例组合指数(case mix index,CMI)出现下降时,均及时采用绩效考核、科室宣教、院内公示等方式进行干预,观察CMI值变化,并分析其病组权重、时间消耗指数、费用消耗指数、低风险组死亡率等变化趋势。结果干预后,外科一权重较低的病组,如甲状腺大手术(KD1)收治比例明显降低,权重较高的病组,如结直肠恶性肿瘤手术(GB2)、胰腺恶性肿瘤手术(HB1)收治比例明显增加;外科二权重较低的病组,如化疗(RE1)收治比例明显降低,权重较高的病组,如肾、输尿管及膀胱恶性肿瘤的大手术(LA1)、肾上腺手术(KC1)、除恶性肿瘤大手术外的肾/输尿管/膀胱手术(LB1)、男性生殖器官恶性肿瘤手术(MA1)收治比例明显增加,2个科室均实现了CMI值上升的目标。从效率、费用、质量指标看,2个科室的时间消耗指数与费用消耗指数均显著低于1,低风险组死亡率均为0。结论大型公立医院立足实际、结合发展目标,通过合理干预,可实现CMI值提升与病组结构优化,提高医疗效率和资源合理利用。
