Effect of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Cassia fistula L.on typeⅡcollagen-induced arthritis in rats

Objective:To explore the effect of Cassia fistula on collagenⅡ-induced arthritis in rats.Methods:The effect of 250 and 500 mg/kg chloroform and hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia fistula leaf on collagenⅡ-induced arthritis was investigated by evaluating paw volume,arthritis index,spleen index,and biochemical parameters.Histopathological analysis and docking study were also performed.Results:A dose-dependent reduction in paw volume,arthritic index,and spleen index was observed following oral administration of the chloroform and hydroalcoholic extracts.Treatment with Cassia fistula extracts reduced tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,prostaglandin E_(2),aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,total leucocyte count,and erythrocyte sedimentation rate while increasing IL-10 level.In addition,Cassia fistula extracts improved joint architecture,and prevented cartilage and bone destruction.Docking analysis demonstrated that the physcion,1-octacosanol,5,3’,4’-trihydroxy-6-methoxy-7-O-α-Lrhamnopyranosyl-(1,2)-O-β-D-galactopyranoside and scopoletin may be responsible for the anti-arthritic effect of Cassia fistula.Conclusions:Cassia fistula suppresses the progression of collagenⅡ-induced arthritis by lowering the inflammatory factors,decreasing paw volume and arthritic index,and alleviating joint architecture.However,further studies are required to confirm the bioactive molecule responsible for the anti-arthritic potential of Cassia fistula.

Use of seed gums from Tamarindus indica and Cassia fistula as controlled-release agents

Most seed gums have been widely used in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics, and food products because of their hydrophilic properties. Gums from Tamariudus indica and Cassia fistula seeds were chemically modified by carboxymethylation to improve their functionalities. The objective of the present study was to characterize and evaluate crude and carboxymethylated gums from T. indica and C. fistula seeds to achieve the controlled-release of diclofenac sodium(DS) in matrix tablet form. Both crude and carboxymethylated gums were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Xray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that the gums were successfully modified by carboxymethylation and that the modified gums were amorphous in structure and had better flow properties. The carboxymethylated gums from both plant seeds did not exhibit cytotoxicity at concentrations lower than 0.5 mg/ml. All gum samples used as polymeric controlled-release agents were formulated into DS matrix tablets. Hardness and thickness tests were conducted as in-process tests. Drug content estimation and in vitro drug release studies were carried out to evaluate the matrix tablets. Increasing the concentration of gums increased compression time and hardness while it reduced the thickness. Furthermore, the results fitted well with the Korsmeyer–Peppas model. Moreover, the DS tablets were found to release the drug by super case II transport(relaxation). In summary, the carboxymethylated gum from T. indica and C. fistula seeds is an excellent, naturally sourced gum with high physicochemical and functional qualities, and can potentially be used in pharmaceutical applications as a disintegrant, diluent, and drug release-controlling agent.

Effects of GA3 and NAA on Fatty Acid Degradation in Germination and Seedling Growth of Cassia obtusifolia L. Seed

[Objectives]To understand the content changes of fatty acid compositions and seedling growths during seed germinations of Cassia obtusifolia L.[Methods]The fatty acid compositions of germinations and seedling growths of C.obtusifolia seeds treated with different concentrations of gibberellin(GA3)and naphthalene acetic acid(NAA)were analyzed using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer(GC-MS),and the germination rates,root lengths,plant heights and fresh weights of their seedlings were analyzed.[Results]The contents of eicosenoic acid,α-linoleic acid,arachidic acid,eicosadienoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid of C.obtusifolia seeds treated with different concentrations of GA3 and NAA decreased with germination time.There were significant differences between the ratios of germinations of C.obtusifolia seeds treated with different concentrations of GA3 and NAA.GA3 and NAA of different ratio treatments could promote seedling heights and fresh weights of C.obtusifolia,but increases of seedling heights and fresh weights were different.Eicosenoic acid,α-linoleic acid,arachidic acid,eicosadienoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid were remarkably negative correlation with seedling heights and fresh weights.[Conclusions]The fatty acid components of C.obtusifolia seed germination and growth of their seedlings were affected.It indicated that GA3 and NAA treatments can affect fatty acid metabolism,the germination rates,root lengths,plant heights and fresh weights of C.obtusifolia.It is intended to provide a theoretical basis and technological reference for standardized cultivated techniques of C.obtusifolia.

傣药芽拉勐龙(Cassia alata L.)的最佳采收时间探讨

傣药芽拉勐龙(Cassia alata L.)是傣医药史籍中有记载且傣医临床中最常用的药材之一,它在泰国应用同样广泛多见,是已开发应用得较为成熟的药用植物,相关研究也较多。在西双版纳,民间傣医常在夏秋季节采收芽拉勐龙,认为这期间的芽拉勐龙叶才有更好的疗效,但尚未发现相关的理论依据支持这种说法,因此笔者在2008年7月到11月间,采集每个月份的芽拉勐龙叶进行其乙醇提取物的含量测定,以找到它的最佳采集使用期。通过其采收季节中有效成分含量的比较结果显示,有效成分最高的时间是11月份,故在采收芽拉勐龙时,应掌握时机,在11月份采收为佳。

Can More than One Fistula Be Treated by a New Type of Seton Concomitantly?

Objective: The treatment of trans-sphincteric fistulas is a surgical challenge since eradicating the fistula tract while maintaining the anal continence is vitally important. In this study we documented the outcomes of the patients with one or more fistulas treated at the same operation with a new type of seton. Patients and Methods: The study included 78 patients with 107 high anal fistulas who were treated with seton between 2007 and 2011. Fifty seven patients had only one fistula, 13 patients had two isolated fistulas and 8 patients had three isolated fistulas. Group I was the patients with one fistula and Group II was the patients having more than one fistula. Postoperative complications, hospital stay, cutting through the sphincter and healing times and Wexner’s scores were compared between the two groups. Results: In Group I, there were 57 patients and in Group II, 21 patients were operated for 50 fistulas. No postoperative complications were observed except urinary retentions (4 patients in Group I, 3 patients in Group II). No infection on the operation site was documented in both groups, in Group I none of the patients needed extra dose of narcotic analgesic but in Group II two of the patients who had 3 fistulas were discharged on the second postoperative day because of pain on the operation site. The median for the cutting seton to cut through the sphincter was 31 days and complete healing was achieved with a median of 40 days in Group I, whereas it was 56 and 65 days respectively for Group II. There were no recurrences in our patients in both groups. Although the Wexner scores of the both groups were low, the difference between the groups was statistically significant. Conclusion: It seems to be feasible to perform seton by using a cheap, effective, easily inserted material, also in treatment of patients with more than one fistula while preserving anal continence.

HPLC测定决明子中决明子苷A,B含量

目的：建立决明子中降血脂有效成分决明子苷Ａ，Ｂ（以下简称苷Ａ，Ｂ）的ＨＰＬＣ定量测定方法。方法：决明子药材经氯仿脱脂后再由甲醇提取，甲醇提取液经释释后直接进样分析；在μＢｏｎｄａｐａｋＣ１８柱上，以乙腈水四氢呋喃冰醋酸（２０∶７６．５∶３．０∶０．５）为流动相，流速为１ｍｌ·ｍｉｎ－１，检测波长为２７８ｎｍ，测定了样品中苷Ａ、Ｂ含量，并采用光谱法和色谱法对Ａ、Ｂ峰的色谱纯度进行了鉴定。结果：苷Ａ、Ｂ的保留时间分别为１２．１３ｍｉｎ和１３．２７ｍｉｎ，经鉴定苷Ａ、Ｂ峰均为单一物质色谱峰：苷Ａ、Ｂ的标准曲线分别在０．２５～１．２５μｇ（ｒ＝０．９９９９）和０．１２５μｇ～０．６２５μｇ（ｒ＝０．９９９９）之间有较好线性关系，苷Ａ、Ｂ的加样回收率分别为（９６．８３±３．５３）％和（９７．７８±２．１６）％。结论：本法专属性强，可用于决明子中决明子苷Ａ、Ｂ的含量测定。

HPLC衍生化法分析决明子多糖水解产物中单糖组分及其多糖组成特征的研究

分别利用分光光度法和1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮（PMP）衍生化/HPLC法分析了12批不同批次药材的决明子多糖及其水解产物中的单糖组分,以水解的单糖组分建立了决明子多糖的HPLC指纹图谱,并研究了决明子多糖的组成特征。结果表明,经过纯化的决明子多糖含量在93.41%-98.57%之间,以甘露糖为参照峰建立了12批药材的指纹图谱,相似度在0.963-0.999之间,多糖水解产物中单糖组分的含量在1.617-304.5 mg/g之间,7个共有峰组分含量大小分布均依次为：甘露糖〉木糖〉半乳糖〉葡萄糖〉阿拉伯糖〉葡萄糖醛酸〉氨基半乳糖,显示了决明子多糖的基本组成结构特征,12批药材的决明子多糖中各单糖的平均摩尔比为甘露糖∶木糖∶半乳糖∶葡萄糖∶阿拉伯糖∶葡萄糖醛酸∶氨基半乳糖=43.0∶24.2∶15.4∶5.6∶5.5∶3.4∶2.9。指纹图谱相似度分析和多糖的组成特征分析对市售药材的分析鉴定结果一致,可作为决明子多糖结构分析及其质量控制的依据。

决明子水提物干预N-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯诱导高血压模型大鼠血压的变化

背景:高血压现代诊疗理念是通过降压治疗保护靶器官、改善临床症状与最大程度减少临床事件。决明子在动物实验和临床实践中有降压作用,但是其是否有助于改善高血压血管功能障碍、氧化应激和终末器官损害仍有待于进一步研究。目的:评估决明子水提物对N-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯诱导的高血压大鼠的降压功效。方法:灌胃N-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯构建高血压大鼠模型,然后给予决明子水提物[500 mg/(kg·d)]治疗,均连续灌胃4周,1次/d。每周测量1次血压、心率。最后一次灌胃给药24 h后,检测血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、尿素、血肌酐、脂质谱以及肝脏和肾脏中丙二醛、一氧化氮、还原型谷胱甘肽水平、血管紧张素转化酶活性。通过免疫组化和实时定量PCR分析大鼠肾脏组织中内皮型一氧化氮合酶、诱导型一氧化氮合酶蛋白及基因表达。结果与结论:与高血压模型组相比,决明子水提物治疗4周有效降低了高血压大鼠的平均动脉压、舒张压、收缩压(P<0.05),并改善肝脏和肾脏标志物、脂质分布和氧化状态。此外,决明子水提物显著降低了高血压大鼠肝脏和肾脏中血管紧张素转化酶活性(P<0.05)。在决明子水提物处理的大鼠肾脏中,内皮型一氧化氮合酶的基因和蛋白表达均显著高于高血压模型组。以上结果表明,决明子水提物显示出相当大的降压潜力,其降压机制包括上调内皮型一氧化氮合酶表达、抗氧化和血管紧张素转化酶抑制作用。

交泰丸含药血清对豚鼠心室肌细胞ICa-L的影响

[目的]观察交泰丸及其拆方含药血清对豚鼠心室肌细胞L-型钙离子通道(ICa-L)的影响。[方法]急性分离心室肌细胞,实验分为空白组、黄连组、肉桂组、黄连加肉桂组和交泰丸组,各组加入含药血清浓度为10%和15%,后放于37℃、5%CO_2的孵育箱中孵育24 h,运用膜片钳技术观察药物对ICa-L电流密度和动力学参数的影响。[结果]各组均不同程度抑制钙离子电流(P<0.05),使ICa-L激活和失活时间常数及失活后恢复时间延长(P<0.05)。其中交泰丸对ICa-L平均电流密度抑制率最高达57.5%,肉桂显著延长ICa-L激活时间常数和失活时间常数,黄连使ICa-L失活后恢复时间常数减小最显著。[结论]交泰丸及各拆方含药血清对钙离子通道有不同程度的抑制作用,交泰丸抑制率最大,抑制钙电流影响心肌细胞有效不应期,这可能是交泰丸在临床及实验中具有抗心律失常作用的机制。

NaCl胁迫对草决明种子萌发的影响

以草决明(Cassia obtusifolia L.)种子为材料,研究NaCl胁迫对其萌发的影响。结果表明:不同浓度的NaCl对草决明种子萌发的抑制程度不同,随着NaCl浓度的增加,发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数均呈下降趋势,而相对盐害率逐渐上升,NaCl浓度越高,对草决明种子萌发的抑制作用越强。

基于Fas/Fas L通路探讨象皮生肌膏对肛瘘术后模型大鼠创面细胞凋亡的影响

目的探究象皮生肌膏对肛瘘术后模型大鼠创面愈合及凋亡相关Fas/Fas L通路的影响。方法36只SD大鼠采用钢丝挂线留置30天造模的方法构建肛瘘模型,造模成功后随机选取27只肛瘘大鼠行“瘘管切除术”构建肛瘘术后创面模型。术后创面模型大鼠随后被随机分为3组,每组9只,为象皮生肌膏组、凡士林组、模型组。剩余9只肛瘘大鼠则为假手术组。象皮生肌膏组采用象皮生肌膏纱条外敷、凡士林组采用凡士林纱条外敷,模型组仅消毒冲洗,假手术组无特殊处理。观察药物干预后第3、5、7、10天创面愈合情况,计算创面愈合率。连续干预10天后,从各组取创面组织,采用HE染色法、TUNEL染色法、免疫组化法分别观察创面组织病理学变化、创面组织中细胞凋亡数目、创面组织中Fas、Fas L、caspase-8、cyto-c的表达,RT-PCR法检测创面组织中Fas、Fas L、cyto-c的mRNA表达。结果与模型组相比,象皮生肌膏组及凡士林组在干预后7、10天时显著促进创面愈合(P<0.01),且象皮生肌膏组创面愈合率明显高于凡士林组(P<0.01)。药物干预10天后,与假手术组相比,象皮生肌膏组、凡士林组、模型组的细胞凋亡率明显升高(P<0.01),创面组织中Fas、Fas L、cyto-c mRNA相对表达量及Fas、Fas L、caspase-8、cyto-c蛋白表达水平均显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);与模型组相比,象皮生肌膏组、凡士林组细胞凋亡率显著下降(P<0.01),Fas、Fas L、cyto-c mRNA相对表达量及Fas、Fas L、caspase-8、cyto-c蛋白表达水平显著下降(P<0.05,P<0.01);与凡士林组相比,象皮生肌膏组细胞凋亡率显著下降(P<0.01),Fas、Fas L、cyto-c mRNA相对表达量及Fas、Fas L、caspase-8、cyto-c蛋白表达水平显著下降(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论象皮生肌膏能抑制Fas/Fas L通路的激活,减少创面组织细胞的凋亡,促进肛瘘术后创面愈合。

HPLC法测定大黄配伍肉桂后水煎液中大黄酚含量

建立高效液相色谱法测定大黄配伍肉桂后水煎液中大黄酚含量的方法,对不同配伍比例下水煎液中大黄酚含量的变化进行研究.采用热回流法提取样品中的大黄酚,利用HPLC测定提取液中游离态及结合态大黄酚的含量.结果表明,大黄与肉桂配伍后水煎液中大黄酚含量呈现不同程度的下降,并且随配伍比例的变化呈规律性变化,大黄肉桂配伍比例为2∶1时,大黄酚的含量最低.该方法快速、准确、重复性好,可用于大黄配伍肉桂大黄酚含量的测定.

ASE-HPLC法快速测定决明子中大黄酚和橙黄决明素

目的:建立快速溶剂萃取(ASE)及HPLC测定决明子中大黄酚和橙黄决明素的分析方法。方法:利用正交试验对ASE350快速溶剂萃取系统进行提取方法的研究,采用HPLC法同时测定决明子中大黄酚和橙黄决明素的含量。色谱柱为ACE Excel C_(18)-PFP柱(75 mm×2.1 mm,2.5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液梯度洗脱,流速为0.4 ml·min^(-1),检测波长为284 nm,柱温为40℃。结果:采用甲醇为萃取溶剂、萃取温度为120℃、静态萃取时间为5 min以及循环萃取3次的方法最优,可以很好地提取决明子中大黄酚和橙黄决明素,耗时仅为药典提取方法的1/9。大黄酚和橙黄决明素线性范围为0.73~58.57μg·ml^(-1)(r=0.999 7)和1.09~87.29μg·ml^(-1)(r=0.999 6),平均回收率分别为102.7%(RSD=0.8%)和98.2%(RSD=1.5%)。结论:该方法能简便、快速、准确的测定决明子中的大黄酚和橙黄决明素。

近视灵口服液中决明子的TLC鉴别

近视灵口服液由决明子等12味药材组成。试验确定了其主药决明子的薄层层析鉴别方法，对于含决明于复方中药制剂及相关食品的质量控制具有实用价值。

倒L形切口矫治内眦赘皮合并先天性泪道瘘管

目的：探索一种矫治内眦赘皮合并先天性泪道瘘管的手术方法。方法：采用倒L形切口,离断内眦部肌肉及纤维连接,矫治内眦赘皮;离断泪道瘘管根部,缝扎包埋,矫治泪道瘘管。结果：本组21例,术后随访3-24个月,所有患者内眦赘皮及先天性泪道瘘管均得到满意纠正,术后瘢痕不明显,泪道瘘管无复发。结论：该方法适用于内眦赘皮合并先天性泪道瘘管的矫正,是一种效果确切、疗效稳定的手术方法,值得临床推广。

复方中药配伍现代减肥成分的动物实验研究

目的:探讨姜黄、决明子等复方中药提取物配伍左旋肉碱酒石酸盐和白芸豆提取物的减肥作用。方法:选用SD健康雄性大鼠为研究对象,建立肥胖大鼠模型,用姜黄、决明子等复方中药提取物配伍左旋肉碱酒石酸盐和白芸豆提取物进行减肥作用研究。大鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组及4个配方试验组,观察各组大鼠的摄食情况、食物利用率、体质量变化及体内脂肪积累情况。结果:各试验组摄食量、总摄食量及摄入总热量与模型对照组比较无差异,试验组1、2、4体质量增长量和总质量增长量均低于模型对照组,试验组1和试验组4食物利用率和总食物利用率均低于模型对照组,试验组1和试验组4大鼠的睾丸及肾周围脂肪质量低于模型对照组,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。结论:该实验条件下,试验组1和4具有减肥作用。

左卡尼汀联合高通量血液透析对维持性血液透析患者微炎症和营养状况的影响

目的观察左卡尼汀联合高通量血液透析对维持性血液透析患者微炎症和营养状况的影响,以期为维持性血液透析患者的治疗提供指导。方法采用随机数字表法将2022年1—12月赣南医学院第一附属医院收治的108例维持性血液透析患者分为血透组54例(采用高通量血液透析治疗6个月)和左卡尼汀组54例(在血透组基础上联用左卡尼汀治疗6个月)。比较2组治疗前后微炎症指标(白介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α、超敏C反应蛋白)、血红蛋白、白蛋白、β2微球蛋白、总胆固醇与内瘘厚度、直径、血流量及生活质量评分。结果治疗6个月后,2组上述微炎症指标低于治疗前,且左卡尼汀组低于血透组(P<0.01);2组血红蛋白、白蛋白水平高于治疗前,β2微球蛋白、总胆固醇水平低于治疗前,且左卡尼汀组升高/降低幅度大于血透组(P<0.05或P<0.01);2组内瘘厚度大于治疗前,内瘘直径小于治疗前,内瘘血流量少于治疗前,但左卡尼汀组内瘘厚度小于血透组,内瘘直径大于血透组,内瘘血流量多于血透组(P<0.05或P<0.01);2组生活质量评分高于治疗前,且左卡尼汀组高于血透组(P<0.01)。结论左卡尼汀联合高通量血液透析治疗维持性血液透析可显著改善患者的微炎症状态,有利于改善贫血、营养状况和血脂,从而有效提升患者的生活质量。

维吾尔药材阿勃勒的生药学研究

目的:对维吾尔药材阿勃勒进行系统的生药学鉴别研究。方法:采用性状鉴别、显微鉴别及薄层色谱鉴别的方法进行定性鉴别,按照2020年版《中国药典》的方法对水分、总灰分和浸出物进行检查;并利用高效液相色谱法测定阿勃勒中大黄酸的含量。结果:阿勃勒的药材性状、显微特征明显,薄层色谱斑点清晰,有专属的鉴别特征。HPLC法测得大黄酸标准曲线方程为:Y=45829X-24617,R^(2)=0.9999,大黄酸在5.19~51.9μg范围内呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为102.79%,RSD为2.28%。结论:该方法准确稳定,重复性好,可为维吾尔药材阿勃勒的鉴别、质量标准的制定提供参考依据。

几种植物生长调节剂对决明种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

分别采用GA3、6-BA和NAA处理决明(Cassia obtusifolia L.)种子,结果表明:GA3、6-BA、NAA可提高种子发芽率、发芽势和活力指数,还可增加幼苗的根数、全株鲜重和干重,三种植物生长调节剂都能够调节决明幼苗的生长发育,其中100mg/L对决明种子发芽和幼苗生长的作用效果最好。

款冬花和决明子中挥发性成分及抗氧化性质研究

对款冬花和决明子中挥发性成分和抗氧化活性进行研究。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取得到挥发性成分,利用GC-MS对其成分进行分析。用可见分光光度法测定挥发性成分对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除能力、ABTS自由基的清除能力以及FRAP能力。结果表明,款冬花和决明子中的挥发性成分对羟基自由基具有不同的清除能力,且不同中药挥发性成分中高含量的总多酚和总黄酮可能是其抗氧化活性的主要物质来源。中药挥发性成分具有较好的抗氧化效果,能够作为天然抗氧化剂应用于食品和烟草工业。