High performance liquid chromatographic(HPLC) fingerprints of Cassia seed,a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),were developed by means of the chromatograms at two wavelengths of 238 and 282 nm.Then,the two data sets we...High performance liquid chromatographic(HPLC) fingerprints of Cassia seed,a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),were developed by means of the chromatograms at two wavelengths of 238 and 282 nm.Then,the two data sets were combined into one matrix.The application of principal component analysis(PCA) for this data matrix showed that the samples were clustered into four groups in accordance with the plant sources and preparation procedures.Furthermore,partial least squares(PLS),back propagation artificial neural...展开更多
Objective:The Box-Behnken response surface method combined with fingerprints was used to optimize the extraction process of total anthraquinone from Cassia seeds.Methods:A three-factor,three-level response surface tes...Objective:The Box-Behnken response surface method combined with fingerprints was used to optimize the extraction process of total anthraquinone from Cassia seeds.Methods:A three-factor,three-level response surface test was conducted based on the single-factor test with comprehensive evaluation as the measurement index.The comprehensive evaluation indexes included the extraction rate of total anthraquinone of Cassia seeds or the equivalent amount of herbs per gram of total anthraquinone of Cassia seeds,the normalized value of peak areas of 5 index components such as aurantio obtusin in the fingerprint of each sample to 16 shared peaks and the similarity of fingerprints(the reference fingerprint was established by the extraction solvent for the determination of Cassia seeds content in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition)with the weights of 0.2,0.5 and 0.3,respectively.Results:The best extraction process was obtained:the liquid-to-material ratio was 20:1(mL·g-1),the extraction solvent was mixture of 60%ethanol-ethyl acetate(2:1),and the extraction time was 15.12 min.The results of five sets of validation experiments showed that the overall evaluation of total anthraquinone of cassia seeds by the best process was 0.528(RSD=0.45%),and the prediction result of response surface method model was 0.531,and the relative error with the prediction result was 0.531.The relative error of the predicted results was 0.56%,and the best extraction process was consistent with the model prediction,and the obtained best process could be used for the extraction of total anthraquinone from Cassia seeds.Conclusion:The Box-Behnken response surface method combined with the fingerprint technique can be used to find the best reaction conditions and examine the interactions among the factors in a comprehensive and accurate manner,which can provide reference for the optimization and evaluation of the extraction process of Chinese medicine.展开更多
[Objectives]To understand the content changes of fatty acid compositions and seedling growths during seed germinations of Cassia obtusifolia L.[Methods]The fatty acid compositions of germinations and seedling growths ...[Objectives]To understand the content changes of fatty acid compositions and seedling growths during seed germinations of Cassia obtusifolia L.[Methods]The fatty acid compositions of germinations and seedling growths of C.obtusifolia seeds treated with different concentrations of gibberellin(GA3)and naphthalene acetic acid(NAA)were analyzed using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer(GC-MS),and the germination rates,root lengths,plant heights and fresh weights of their seedlings were analyzed.[Results]The contents of eicosenoic acid,α-linoleic acid,arachidic acid,eicosadienoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid of C.obtusifolia seeds treated with different concentrations of GA3 and NAA decreased with germination time.There were significant differences between the ratios of germinations of C.obtusifolia seeds treated with different concentrations of GA3 and NAA.GA3 and NAA of different ratio treatments could promote seedling heights and fresh weights of C.obtusifolia,but increases of seedling heights and fresh weights were different.Eicosenoic acid,α-linoleic acid,arachidic acid,eicosadienoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid were remarkably negative correlation with seedling heights and fresh weights.[Conclusions]The fatty acid components of C.obtusifolia seed germination and growth of their seedlings were affected.It indicated that GA3 and NAA treatments can affect fatty acid metabolism,the germination rates,root lengths,plant heights and fresh weights of C.obtusifolia.It is intended to provide a theoretical basis and technological reference for standardized cultivated techniques of C.obtusifolia.展开更多
Most seed gums have been widely used in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics, and food products because of their hydrophilic properties. Gums from Tamariudus indica and Cassia fistula seeds were che...Most seed gums have been widely used in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics, and food products because of their hydrophilic properties. Gums from Tamariudus indica and Cassia fistula seeds were chemically modified by carboxymethylation to improve their functionalities. The objective of the present study was to characterize and evaluate crude and carboxymethylated gums from T. indica and C. fistula seeds to achieve the controlled-release of diclofenac sodium(DS) in matrix tablet form. Both crude and carboxymethylated gums were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Xray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that the gums were successfully modified by carboxymethylation and that the modified gums were amorphous in structure and had better flow properties. The carboxymethylated gums from both plant seeds did not exhibit cytotoxicity at concentrations lower than 0.5 mg/ml. All gum samples used as polymeric controlled-release agents were formulated into DS matrix tablets. Hardness and thickness tests were conducted as in-process tests. Drug content estimation and in vitro drug release studies were carried out to evaluate the matrix tablets. Increasing the concentration of gums increased compression time and hardness while it reduced the thickness. Furthermore, the results fitted well with the Korsmeyer–Peppas model. Moreover, the DS tablets were found to release the drug by super case II transport(relaxation). In summary, the carboxymethylated gum from T. indica and C. fistula seeds is an excellent, naturally sourced gum with high physicochemical and functional qualities, and can potentially be used in pharmaceutical applications as a disintegrant, diluent, and drug release-controlling agent.展开更多
基金the financial support for this study by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.NSFC20562009)the Jiangxi Province Natural Science Foundation(No.JXNSF0620041)the State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Nanchang University(Nos.SKLF-MB200807 and SKLF-TS200819)
文摘High performance liquid chromatographic(HPLC) fingerprints of Cassia seed,a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),were developed by means of the chromatograms at two wavelengths of 238 and 282 nm.Then,the two data sets were combined into one matrix.The application of principal component analysis(PCA) for this data matrix showed that the samples were clustered into four groups in accordance with the plant sources and preparation procedures.Furthermore,partial least squares(PLS),back propagation artificial neural...
基金2018 Anhui Provincial Quality Engineering Project(No.2018jyxm1273)Major Provincial Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Universities(No.KJ2016SD60)2021 Anhui University Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Plan Project。
文摘Objective:The Box-Behnken response surface method combined with fingerprints was used to optimize the extraction process of total anthraquinone from Cassia seeds.Methods:A three-factor,three-level response surface test was conducted based on the single-factor test with comprehensive evaluation as the measurement index.The comprehensive evaluation indexes included the extraction rate of total anthraquinone of Cassia seeds or the equivalent amount of herbs per gram of total anthraquinone of Cassia seeds,the normalized value of peak areas of 5 index components such as aurantio obtusin in the fingerprint of each sample to 16 shared peaks and the similarity of fingerprints(the reference fingerprint was established by the extraction solvent for the determination of Cassia seeds content in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition)with the weights of 0.2,0.5 and 0.3,respectively.Results:The best extraction process was obtained:the liquid-to-material ratio was 20:1(mL·g-1),the extraction solvent was mixture of 60%ethanol-ethyl acetate(2:1),and the extraction time was 15.12 min.The results of five sets of validation experiments showed that the overall evaluation of total anthraquinone of cassia seeds by the best process was 0.528(RSD=0.45%),and the prediction result of response surface method model was 0.531,and the relative error with the prediction result was 0.531.The relative error of the predicted results was 0.56%,and the best extraction process was consistent with the model prediction,and the obtained best process could be used for the extraction of total anthraquinone from Cassia seeds.Conclusion:The Box-Behnken response surface method combined with the fingerprint technique can be used to find the best reaction conditions and examine the interactions among the factors in a comprehensive and accurate manner,which can provide reference for the optimization and evaluation of the extraction process of Chinese medicine.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41761010&81260641)Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou province of China([2017]1121)the Project of Scientific Research of Doctors of Guizhou Normal University.
文摘[Objectives]To understand the content changes of fatty acid compositions and seedling growths during seed germinations of Cassia obtusifolia L.[Methods]The fatty acid compositions of germinations and seedling growths of C.obtusifolia seeds treated with different concentrations of gibberellin(GA3)and naphthalene acetic acid(NAA)were analyzed using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer(GC-MS),and the germination rates,root lengths,plant heights and fresh weights of their seedlings were analyzed.[Results]The contents of eicosenoic acid,α-linoleic acid,arachidic acid,eicosadienoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid of C.obtusifolia seeds treated with different concentrations of GA3 and NAA decreased with germination time.There were significant differences between the ratios of germinations of C.obtusifolia seeds treated with different concentrations of GA3 and NAA.GA3 and NAA of different ratio treatments could promote seedling heights and fresh weights of C.obtusifolia,but increases of seedling heights and fresh weights were different.Eicosenoic acid,α-linoleic acid,arachidic acid,eicosadienoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid were remarkably negative correlation with seedling heights and fresh weights.[Conclusions]The fatty acid components of C.obtusifolia seed germination and growth of their seedlings were affected.It indicated that GA3 and NAA treatments can affect fatty acid metabolism,the germination rates,root lengths,plant heights and fresh weights of C.obtusifolia.It is intended to provide a theoretical basis and technological reference for standardized cultivated techniques of C.obtusifolia.
基金the Higher Education Research Promotion-National Research Universities(HERP-NRU)for financial support under grant no.2559A10862013
文摘Most seed gums have been widely used in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics, and food products because of their hydrophilic properties. Gums from Tamariudus indica and Cassia fistula seeds were chemically modified by carboxymethylation to improve their functionalities. The objective of the present study was to characterize and evaluate crude and carboxymethylated gums from T. indica and C. fistula seeds to achieve the controlled-release of diclofenac sodium(DS) in matrix tablet form. Both crude and carboxymethylated gums were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Xray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that the gums were successfully modified by carboxymethylation and that the modified gums were amorphous in structure and had better flow properties. The carboxymethylated gums from both plant seeds did not exhibit cytotoxicity at concentrations lower than 0.5 mg/ml. All gum samples used as polymeric controlled-release agents were formulated into DS matrix tablets. Hardness and thickness tests were conducted as in-process tests. Drug content estimation and in vitro drug release studies were carried out to evaluate the matrix tablets. Increasing the concentration of gums increased compression time and hardness while it reduced the thickness. Furthermore, the results fitted well with the Korsmeyer–Peppas model. Moreover, the DS tablets were found to release the drug by super case II transport(relaxation). In summary, the carboxymethylated gum from T. indica and C. fistula seeds is an excellent, naturally sourced gum with high physicochemical and functional qualities, and can potentially be used in pharmaceutical applications as a disintegrant, diluent, and drug release-controlling agent.
