Numerical Simulation-Based Analysis of the Impact of Overloading on Segmentally Assembled Bridges

Segmentally assembled bridges are increasinglyfinding engineering applications in recent years due to their unique advantages,especially as urban viaducts.Vehicle loads are one of the most important variable loads acting on bridge structures.Accordingly,the influence of overloaded vehicles on existing assembled bridge structures is an urgent concern at present.This paper establishes thefinite element model of the segmentally assembled bridge based on ABAQUS software and analyzes the influence of vehicle overload on an assembled girder bridge struc-ture.First,afinite element model corresponding to the target bridge is established based on ABAQUS software,and the load is controlled to simulate vehicle movement in each area of the traveling zone at different times.Sec-ond,the key cross-sections of segmental girder bridges are monitored in real time based on the force character-istics of continuous girder bridges,and they are compared with the simulation results.Finally,a material damage ontology model is introduced,and the structural damage caused by different overloading rates is compared and analyzed.Results show that thefinite element modeling method is accurate by comparing with on-site measured data,and it is suitable for the numerical simulation of segmental girder bridges;Dynamic sensors installed at 1/4L,1/2L,and 3/4L of the segmental girder main beams could be used to identify the dynamic response of segmental girder bridges;The bottom plate of the segmental girder bridge is mostly damaged at the position where the length of the precast beam section changes and the midspan position.With the increase in load,damage in the direction of the bridge develops faster than that in the direction of the transverse bridge.Thefindings of this study can guide maintenance departments in the management and maintenance of bridges and vehicles.

Positional Error Model of Line Segments with Modeling and Measuring Errors Using Brownian Bridge

Spatial linear features are often represented as a series of line segments joined by measured endpoints in surveying and geographic information science.There are not only the measuring errors of the endpoints but also the modeling errors between the line segments and the actual geographical features.This paper presents a Brownian bridge error model for line segments combining both the modeling and measuring errors.First,the Brownian bridge is used to establish the position distribution of the actual geographic feature represented by the line segment.Second,an error propagation model with the constraints of the measuring error distribution of the endpoints is proposed.Third,a comprehensive error band of the line segment is constructed,wherein both the modeling and measuring errors are contained.The proposed error model can be used to evaluate line segments’overall accuracy and trustability influenced by modeling and measuring errors,and provides a comprehensive quality indicator for the geospatial data.

Seismic behavior of precast segmental column bridges under near-fault forward-directivity ground motions

Precast segmental column bridges exhibit various construction advantages in comparison to traditional monolithic column bridges.However,the lack of cognitions on seismic behaviors has seriously restricted their applications and developments.In this paper,comprehensive investigations are conducted to analyze the dynamic characteristics of precast segmental column bridges under near-fault,forward-directivity ground motions.First,the finite-element models of two comparable bridges with precast segmental columns and monolithic columns are constructed by using OpenSees software,and the nonlinearities of the bridges are considered.Next,three different earthquake loadings are meticulously set up to handle engineering problems,namely recorded near-and far-field ground motions,parameterized pulses,and pulse and residual components extracted from real records.Finally,based on the models and earthquake sets,extensive explorations are carried out.The results show that near-fault forward-directivity ground motions are more threatening than far-field ones;precast segmental column bridges may suffer more pounding impacts than monolithic bridges;the“narrow band”effect caused by near-fault,forward-directivity ground motions may occur in bridges with shorter periods than pulse periods;and pulse and residual components play different roles in seismic responses.

Segmental Bridges under Combined Torsion, Bending and Shear

Segmental bridges with unbonded prestressed tendons have some advantages, such as the weather independence and the corrosion protection of prestressing tendons. This paper analyzed the behavior of a prestressed segmental bridge with unbonded tendons under combined loading of torsion, bending and shear. According to the experiment research, a modified skew bending model was developed to calculate the bearing capacity of segmental bridges subjected to combined bending, shear and torsion. The finite element method was used to investigate the deflection behaviors of such structure, also to check the theoretical model. The theoretical and FEM research results were compared favorably with the test results from Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany. Finally, suggestion for the design and construction of segmental bridges with external prestressing was made.

Chitosan tube bridging autologous nerve segments for the repair of long-segmental sciatic nerve defects

BACKGROUND：Previous tissue-engineered nerve studies have focused on artificial nerve and nerve cell cultures.The effects of regeneration chambers with autologous nerve bridging for the repair of nerve defects remain unclear.OBJECTIVE：To explore the feasibility and advantages of chitosan tube bridging autologous nerve segments for repairing 12-mm sciatic nerve defects in rats.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING：A randomized,controlled,animal study using nerve tissue engineering was performed at the Animal Laboratory and Laboratory of Histology and Embryology,Liaoning Medical University from June 2008 to March 2009.MATERIALS：Chitosan powder was purchased from Jinan Haidebei Marine Bioengineering,China.METHODS：A sciatic nerve segment of approximately 8 mm was excised from the posterior margin of the piriformis muscle of Sprague Dawley rats.The two nerve ends shrank to form a 12-mm defect,and the nerve defect was repaired using a chitosan tube bridging autologous nerve segment （bridge group）,a chitosan tube-encapsulated autologous nerve segment （encapsulation group）,and a chitosan tube alone （chitosan tube alone group）,respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：Histological and ultrastructural changes of the injured sciatic nerve;number of regenerated myelinated nerve fibers; nerve conduction velocity; leg muscle atrophy; and sciatic nerve functional index.RESULTS：At 4 months after implantation,the chitosan tube was absorbed.The tube was thin,but maintained the original shape,and vascular proliferation was observed around the tube.In the bridge group,regenerative myelinated nerve fibers were thick and orderly,with a thick myelin sheath and intact axonal structure.The number of myelinated nerve fibers and nerve conduction velocity were significantly greater compared with the other groups （P〈 0.01）.Moreover,nerve and muscle function was significantly improved following chitosan tube bridging autologous nerve segment treatment compared with the other groups （P〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）.CONCLUSION：Chitosan tube bridging autologous nerve segments exhibited better repair effects on nerve defects compared with chitosan tubeencapsulated autologous nerve segments and a chitosan tube alone.This method provided a simple and effective treatment for long-segmental nerve defects.

Comparison and Selection of Arch-Rib Construction Schemes for Continuous Beam arch Composite Bridge of High Speed Railway

The paper summarizes the four different construction schemes based on engineering cases for the arch rib construction of continuous beam-arch composite bridges for high-speed railways.These methods include in-situ assembly,segmental lifting,incremental launching and longitudinal moving,and vertical rotation.The temporary structural designs,process methods,and technological equipment for each construction scheme are described in detail.The advantages and disadvantages of each scheme and its application scope under various conditions are analyzed,and opinions and suggestions for guiding the application of each scheme are proposed.The comparison and selection analyses show that the four arch rib construction schemes have certain applicability under different conditions such as bridge site status,bridge span,and construction environment.With the continuous increase of bridge span and progress of construction technological equipment,the arch rib construction technology is developing towards the overall erection direction.This leads to more obvious technical advantages of the segmental lifting method,incremental launching and longitudinal moving method,and vertical rotation method.Therefore,it is necessary to select the best construction scheme according to the construction status and technical conditions during application.

Simulation of Temperature Field in Original Segment of Concrete Box-Girder Bridge

Temperature field and its variation with time are necessary for analyzing the thermo-mechanical performance of mass concrete structures at their early ages. This paper carries out a temperature field simulation analysis for an original segment of a real box girder bridge with the finite element software ANSYS. Two representative exothermic rate models are used to describe the heat- releasing process caused by the cement hydration in concrete. The exothermic rate model that conforms to reality more closely is recognized by comparing the simulation results with the data gathered from the optical fiber temperature sensors pre-embedded in the original segment. The air temperature and wind velocity that constitute thermal boundary conditions are determined in the light of the local meteorological department and correlative research achievements of recent years. Moreover, the consideration for the steel formwork acting as a barrier to heat loss is also proved to be beneficial to improve the simulation effect.

Seismic performance of precast bridge columns connected with grouted corrugated-metal duct through biaxial quasi-static experiment and modeling

In this paper,the seismic behaviors of precast bridge columns connected with grouted corrugated-metal duct(GCMD)were investigated through the biaxial quasi-static experiment and numerical simulation.With a geometric scale ratio of 1:5,five specimens were fabricated,including four precast bridge columns connected with GCMD and one cast-in-place(CIP)bridge column.A finite element analysis model was also established by using OpenSees and was then calibrated by using the experimental results for parameter analysis.The results show the biaxial seismic performance of the precast bridge columns connected with GCMD was similar to the CIP bridge columns regarding ultimate bearing capacity and hysteresis energy,and further,that it could meet the design goal of equivalent performance.The seismic performance of the precast bridge columns connected with GCMD deteriorated more significantly under bi-directional load than under uni-directional load.A proper slenderness ratio(e.g.,7.0-10.0)and longitudinal reinforcement ratio could significantly improve the energy dissipation capacity and deformation capacity of the precast bridge columns,while the axial load ratio and concrete strength had little influence on the above properties.The research results could bring insights to the development of the seismic design of precast bridge columns connected with GCMD.

Autologous nerve segment-bridging regeneration chambers for the repair of sciatic nerve defects

Proximal and distal nerve defects exhibit chemotactic growth over certain distances. Our previous studies demonstrated that Schwann cells survive in autologous nerve segments that are bridged by regeneration chambers and secrete various bioactive substances. However, more data are required to determine the required length of regeneration chambers for chemotaxis and nutrition of neural regeneration, as well as the length of repaired nerve defects to replace the effect of autologous nerve grafting. In the present study, sciatic nerve defects of 12, 16, 20 mm were repaired using a regeneration chamber of 6, 8, and 10 mm in length respectively. These were bridged with autologous nerve segments. Results showed that the bridging of two 6-mm long regeneration chambers to repair a 12-mm nerve defect exhibited similar effects to autologous nerve grafting.

Wind tunnel study of aerodynamic wind loading on middle pylon of Taizhou Bridge

Segment sectional model tests are carried out to investigate the wind loading on middle pylon of Taizhou Bridge, which has complicated three-dimensional flow due to its feature of double columns. Through the force measuring tests, aerodynamic force coefficients of every segment of the pylon columns have been obtained. It is found that the tested aerodynamic force coefficients are much smaller than those given by codes. The interference effects of aerodynamic force coefficients between columns of pylon are discussed. The results show that the interference effect is the most evident when the yaw angle is about 30 ° from transverse direction. This kind of interference effect can be described as diminutions in transverse aerodynamic force coefficients and magnifications in longitudinal aerodynamic force coefficients of downstream columns.

Dynamic response of precast segmental bridge columns under heavy truck impact

Considering the wide application of precast segmental bridge columns(PSBCs)in engineering practice,impact-resistant performance has gained significant attention.However,few studies have focused on PSBCs subjected to high-energy impacts caused by heavy truck collisions.Therefore,the behavior of PSBCs under a heavy truck impact was investigated in this study using high-fidelity finite element(FE)models.The detailed FE modeling methods of the PSBCs and heavy trucks were validated against experimental tests.The validated modeling methods were employed to simulate collisions between PSBCs and heavy trucks.The simulation results demonstrated that the engine and cargo caused two major peak impact forces during collision.Subsequently,the impact force,failure mode,displacement,and internal force of the PSBCs under heavy truck impacts were scrutinized.An extensive study was performed to assess the influence of the section size,truck weight,impact velocity,and number of precast segments on the impact responses.The truck weight was found to have a minor effect on the engine impact force.Damage was found to be localized at the bottom of the three segments,with the top remaining primarily undamaged.This parametric study demonstrated that larger cross-sections may be a preferred option to protect PSBCs against the impact of heavy trucks.

基于PCL的钢箱节段虚拟预拼装技术

针对目前工程应用中的虚拟预拼装技术存在主观性强、自动化程度低、数据处理过程较为复杂等缺点,首次提出将PCL应用于基于点云数据的钢箱节段虚拟预拼装技术。首先根据钢箱节段截面特征设计一套由面到线、由线到点的控制点提取方法;然后基于PCL中的高效点云处理算法对待拼装截面初始点云数据进行预处理、控制点提取及匹配,输出拼装误差结果;最后将虚拟预拼装技术中使用到的算法串联成群,形成一套完整的钢箱节段虚拟预拼装程序,实现从数据输入到结果输出。将提出的虚拟预拼装技术应用于某钢箱结构桥梁相邻节段,并将计算所得最大拼装误差1.22 mm与规范规定误差进行对比分析,说明基于PCL的虚拟预拼装技术可以有效完成钢箱节段的预拼装工作,具有结果准确、自动化程度高等优点;吊装有应力状态下的节段控制点竖向位移处于0.08~0.14 mm范围内,结果表明工厂扫描得到的控制点坐标可用于指导实际工程拼装。

装配式桥梁板玻璃纤维混凝土-U形钢筋湿接缝受力与变形分析

为解决装配式桥梁板体系湿接缝处力学性能不稳定、易变形的问题,提出采用玻璃纤维混凝土-U形钢筋加强方案优化湿接缝性能,以雄安新区荣乌高速荣乌主线桥为背景进行研究。选取主线桥2个试验段(试验段A湿接缝采用普通混凝土-U形钢筋方案,钢筋点焊;试验段B湿接缝采用玻璃纤维混凝土-U形钢筋加强方案,钢筋满焊)进行梁板体系湿接缝性能试验,监测湿接缝处搭接钢筋力学响应及混凝土接触面变形特征,同时对长期运载及强降雨影响下的钢筋受力与混凝土变形进行监测。结果表明:长期运载下,试验段B横筋受力约为试验段A的一半,其中部纵筋承受外力远大于试验段A,边缘纵筋承受外力较少,试验段B稳定性更优;试验段B较试验段A在湿接缝部位变形量小,其稳定性及耐久性更优;强降雨阶段,试验段B较试验段A变形及力学响应波动程度更低,其抗渗能力、耐久性更优。由此可知基于玻璃纤维混凝土-U形钢筋加强方案的湿接缝构造在外力传导、抵抗变形方面具有较强稳定性,不易受恶劣环境影响。

底部填芯多节段预制拼装空心桥墩抗震性能试验研究

为提高预应力连接预制节段拼装桥墩的抗震性能及施工便捷性,设计了一种底部填芯多节段预制拼装空心桥墩并进行了抗震试验研究。提出了该新型预制节段拼装桥墩填芯高度设计方法,设计了底部填芯预制节段拼装桥墩缩尺模型并开展了拟静力试验测试。基于试验结果分析了该新型桥墩在水平循环往复作用下的裂缝发展过程、失效模式、滞回性能、延性性能、耗能能力及桥墩接缝的开口大小等抗震性能。研究结果表明:所发展的底部填芯多节段预制拼装空心桥墩的失效模式为底部节段混凝土局部压溃,但范围较小,所提填芯高度的设计方法可行,可以使桥墩实现预期失效模式。该新型桥墩具有较小的残余位移、优异的耗能能力与延性性能,这表明此桥墩具有优异的抗震性能。

压弯扭作用下新型承插装配式桥墩的抗震性能

为明确并提升承插式拼装桥墩抵抗压弯扭等复合荷载的能力,提出了一种结合灌浆套筒和承插口组合连接的新型承插装配式墩,通过复合荷载作用下的拟静力试验对比了现浇(reinforced concrete,RC)、灌浆套筒(grouting and sleeve,GS)、承插口(socket with ultra-high performance concrete,SU)和结合套筒连接钢筋的新型承插(grouting sleeve and socket with ultra-high performance concrete,GSU)连接拼装桥墩的损伤机理和滞回性能,结合有限元模型重点讨论了承插口深度对滞回性能的影响。结果表明:4个构件的破坏模式都是以受弯破坏为主的弯扭破坏,其中SU构件出现了轻微拔起的现象,而对应的GSU构件并未出现该现象,与RC构件接近;各构件的剪力-墩顶位移骨架发展趋势比较一致,由于GSU构件纵向钢筋连续,具有更好的整体性能,其抗弯承载力与RC构件接近,且明显大于SU和GS构件,4个构件弯曲滞回耗能较为接近;承插口深度为1.0倍截面宽度的GSU构件抗扭承载力略高于RC构件,且明显大于其余装配式墩,GSU构件的扭转刚度、延性系数和耗能能力均大于其他3个墩;当承插口深度采用0.5倍构件截面宽度时,新型承插GSU构件的抗弯和抗扭承载力均略高于整体现浇构件,具有良好的抵抗压弯扭荷载的能力,可以实现浅承插口连接。研究结果可为压弯扭复合作用下装配式墩的应用提供试验依据。

BBTUNet:基于上下文Transformer的肝脏肿瘤分割算法研究

肝癌是世界范围内最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,严重威胁着人类的生命健康,从计算机断层扫描(Computed Tomography,CT)中精确分割出肝脏肿瘤对后期的临床诊断具有重要的意义。现有的方法虽然实现了肝脏肿瘤的自动化分割,但肝脏肿瘤边界模糊、目标较小、容易漏检等问题尚未很好地解决,肝脏肿瘤的精确分割仍旧是一项极具挑战的任务。针对这些问题,该文提出一种新的分割网络BBTUNet。构建基于Transformer的上下文Bridge,重新设计UNet的跳跃连接结构,有效捕捉多尺度特征之间的上下文关系。在Transformer的前馈神经网络中引入可分离的空洞卷积,提出改进的前馈神经网络BFFN,有效融合全局和局部信息,增强边界特征,细化分割边缘。在3DIRCADB数据集上对模型进行训练和测试,实验结果表明,提出的BBTUNet网络的Dice系数为82.1%,ACC为96.4%,相较于UNet网络,分别提升了10.9%、4.6%,且对于小尺寸、低对比度、边界模糊的肿瘤分割具有显著优势。

大跨环形矮塔斜拉桥主塔力学性能分析

以大跨度环形矮塔斜拉桥的主塔为研究对象,借助大型有限元程序midas进行了静力及地震动时程分析,通过提取杆系模型中的最不利内力,对索塔锚固区及下塔柱钢混结合段空间应力进行分析。结果表明:1)钢塔在静力及地震工况下强度及稳定均满足要求;2)索塔锚固区及钢混结合段应力状态良好、构造细节处理较为合理。

基于泊松噪声-双边滤波算法的桥梁裂缝修补痕迹图像分割方法

裂缝作为混凝土桥梁的主要病害大量存在,部分裂缝修补后会二次开裂,在病害智能识别中,裂缝修补痕迹易与混凝土剥落等缺陷混淆,因此,裂缝修补痕迹的准确识别不仅是二次裂缝准确识别的基础,也是混凝土桥梁整体病害识别的重要环节。为了获取边缘清晰连续的裂缝修补痕迹,先对裂缝修补痕迹的图像添加泊松噪声,再利用双边滤波对添加的噪声及原有噪声进行平滑。然后用Otsu算法对裂缝修补痕迹进行图像分割,并使用峰值信噪比(PSNR)和结构相似性(SSIM)评价滤波效果,使用运行时间和最大连续可用内存块(LCFB)使用情况评价分割效果。最后以河南省某高速公路桥梁历年定检中的裂缝修补痕迹图像为例,对方法进行实际验证。结果显示:经过泊松噪声-双边滤波算法处理后,裂缝修补痕迹图像PSNR值最高约35.0901 dB,SSIM值可达约0.8801,说明添加泊松噪声可改善图像质量并优化双边滤波效果;经过Otsu算法进行图像分割的运行时间比其他方法约短25%~50%,LCFB比其他方法约提高0.25%;经过处理的裂缝修补痕迹图像达到理想预期效果,验证了提出方法的有效性和可行性。

既有节段预制混凝土桥梁状态评估方法研究

基于国内外学者关于既有桥梁状态评估方法的研究,建立既有节段预制桥梁结构损伤状态评估指标体系.提出基于层次分析法的既有节段预制桥梁状态评估方法,并在该方法的基础上,引入权重赋分法考虑各影响因素的重要程度对既有节段梁各结构进行权重赋分,给出了相应的桥梁状态评估公式,制定了节段预制桥梁状态评估标准.最后,结合一个既有节段预制桥梁损伤状态评估实例来演示本文所提出方法进行节段梁状态评估的实现过程.

偏心作用下预制拼装桥墩-盖梁体系抗震性能研究

目的 研究不同盖梁节段和盖梁-桥墩连接方式对预制拼装双柱墩偏心作用下的抗震性能的影响。方法 采用有限元软件ABAQUS建立7组预制拼装双柱墩,对其进行偏心作用下拟静力模拟研究,改变桥墩的盖梁节段连接和盖梁-桥墩连接方式,对比分析拼装桥墩和现浇桥墩的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、破坏形态、耗能性能和延性,研究不同盖梁节段连接和盖梁-桥墩连接方式的桥墩抗震性能。结果 盖梁节段键齿连接桥墩,采用灌浆套筒和预应力连接的承载能力与现浇桥墩相比均有小幅度提高,提高幅度在10%以内,抗震性能参数几乎一致。结论 盖梁斜键齿连接,盖梁-桥墩灌浆套筒和盖梁-桥墩预应力连接的预制拼装桥墩与现浇桥墩性能基本一致,同样具有良好抗震性能和整体性,满足抗震要求。