Effects of the <i>Castanea mollissima Blume</i>Shell Cultivation Substrate on the Yield and Nutritional Composition of <i>Pleurotus geesteranus</i>

Cottonseed hull substrates blended with different ratios of Castanea mollissima Blume shell were prepared and used for the cultivation of Pleurotus geesteranus. The effects of the chestnut shell content on the mycelial growth rate, yield, nutritional composition and contents of heavy metals of the cultivated Pleurotus geesteranus were investigated. The results suggest that the Castanea mollissima Blume shell in substrate can increase the mycelial growth rate, yield, biological efficiency and the contents of protein, crude fiber, amino acids and essential amino acids of Pleurotus geesteranus. Further investigation suggests that the tannin and saponin in Castanea mollissima Blume shell and the C/N ratio of substrate significantly influence the mycelial growth rate. The crude fat content of Pleurotus geesteranus decreased, while the contents of heavy metals including mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) increased with the increase of the Castanea mollissima Blume shell content in substrate. Based on these results, the content of Castanea mollissima Blume shell was optimized to be less than 30% for the cultivation of Pleurotus geesteranus.

FTIR and Thermogravimetric Analysis of Three Kinds of Nutshells

The main components and pyrolysis characteristics of Camellia oleifera Abel hells, Castanea mollissima Blume shells, and Castanea mollissima Blume shells were analyzed by using FTIR and thermogravimetric methods. The experimental results indicated that the main components of the three kinds of raw materials consisted of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The highest contents of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin were in Camellia oleiferaAbel shells (49.34% ± 0.07%), Castanea mollissima Blume shells (27.34% ± 0.01%), and Carya cathayensis Sarg shells (49.78% ± 0.01%), respectively. The pyrolysis processes of three kinds of shells generally included three stages, namely dehydration, pyrolysis, and carbonization. The peak values and the appearance times of their pyrolysis rates were closely related to their compositions.

板栗壳化学成分研究

从板栗壳95%乙醇浸膏中分离鉴定了16个化合物,分别是β-谷甾醇(1)、β-胡萝卜苷(2)、豆甾-5-烯-3β,7α-醇(3)、麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β,5α,8α-三醇(4)、齐墩果酸(5)、豆甾-4-烯-6α-醇-3-酮(6)、豆甾-4-烯-6β-醇-3-酮(7)、原儿茶酸(8)、水杨酸(9)、豆甾-5-烯-3β-羟基-7-酮(10)、对羟基桂皮酸甲酯(11)、没食子酸(12)、绿原酸(13)、香草醛(14)、乳糖(15)和芦丁(16)。其中化合物3、6、9、10、11、13、14、15、16等9个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,所有化合物均为首次从板栗壳中分离得到。

板栗空苞现象与内源激素动态变化的关系

内源激素的含量与板栗空苞有显著的相关性,正常板栗GA1+3值花后一直上升至25 d出现明显峰值,且在花后10 d至25d增加非常明显,空苞板栗GA1+3值没有明显增长,花后GA1+3含量快速上升并达到一定的值有利于板栗胚胎的正常生长。正常板栗花后iPAS值持续增长至25 d出现峰值,空苞板栗其值在花后15 d内缓慢下降,后持续明显地下降。可见花后iPAS含量上升有利于板栗胚胎的正常生长,花后ABA含量降低有利于板栗胚胎发育。

板栗壳的生药鉴别研究

目的:为准确鉴定板栗壳药材,更好地控制药材质量提供一定的科学依据。方法:对板栗壳进行性状鉴别、显微鉴别、薄层色谱法定性鉴别。结果:获得了板栗壳的性状、组织粉末及薄层色谱特征,绘制了板栗壳纵切面图及粉末显微图。结论:为板栗壳的质量标准的建立提供了可靠的鉴定依据。