Intraocular lens implantation performed first to protect the posterior capsule in Morgagnian cataracts during phacoemulsification

This study evaluated the safety of a modified method to implant an intraocular lens (IOL) into the capsular bag immediately after capsulorhexis with a whole or partial nucleus to protect the posterior capsule (PC) during phacoemulsification in a series of 12 Morgagnian cataracts. For 3 cases of hypermature cataracts with smaller and rigid nuclei, after a complete capsulorhexis, an IOL was directly inserted into the capsular bag, which protected the PC during the subsequent phacoemulsification process in the iris plate. For the other 9 cases with larger and softer nuclei, after the nucleus was partially emulsified, the IOL was inserted into the bag. Even with an obvious surge for some cases, the surgeries were uneventful in all 12 cases, with no PC rent or vitreous loss. IOL implantation into the capsular bag with a whole or partial nucleus can provide effective protection for the PC for hypermature cataract during phacoemulsification.

Trocar opening: silicone oil removal with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a modified technique [trocar opening(TO)] for silicone oil removal(SOR) in combination with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens(IOL) implantation.METHODS: A total of 60 eyes of 60 patients with cataract and silicone oil-filled eyes were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups: the patients in the control group underwent 23-gauge pars plana active SOR surgery with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation, while the patients in the TO group underwent TO methods during surgery. Best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), surgery time, intraocular pressure, and operative complications were observed 6 mo after surgery.RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender, preoperative, intraocular pressure, or time of silicone oil stay. Prior to surgery, the mean BCVA for the control and TO groups was 1.34±0.44 and 1.36±0.42. At 6 mo following surgery, the mean BCVA improved to 0.74±0.36 and 0.77±0.32, respectively(P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups. The mean SOR time was 6.9±2.3 min and 4.8±1.2 min in the control and TO groups(P=0.008). The total operation time was 28.2±8.5 min and 24.6±6.4 min, respectively(P=0.035). Posterior capsule rupture occurred in four eyes of control and none of TO group(P<0.01). Late recurrent retinal detachment occurred in one eye in the control group(2 mo after surgery) and in one eye in the TO group(4 mo after surgery). CONCLUSION: TO is a simple, effective, time-saving, and safe method for SOR combined with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation.

High speed small gauge anterior vitrectomy cutter for scleral fixated intraocular lens implantation

AIM： To report the outcomes of anterior vitrectomy using high speed cutter for scleral fixated intraocular lens （SFIOL） implantation in patients with posterior capsular rupture .METHODS： Medical records of 51 patients with posterior capsular rupture who received high speed cutter anterior vitrectomy via limbal incision with SFIOL implantation from June 2011 to December 2013 were reviewed retrospectively for visual outcomes and complications.RESULTS： Totally 51 eyes of 51 patients were identified （23 males and 28 females）. Mean age at surgery was 67.2±15y （range 27-91y）, with mean follow-up of 23±8.2mo （range 12-40mo）. The 49 （96.1%） eyes had improvement or unchanged of final postoperative visual acuity. The most common complication was vitreous haemorrhage （5.9%） and transient rise in intraocular pressure （5.9%） which all spontaneously resolved CONCLUSION： High speed cutter anterior vitrectomy via limbal incision is a safe and effective method for those with posterior capsular rupture for SFIOL implantation.

Considerations in the management of single-piece intraocular lenses outside the capsular bag

AIM: To investigate the outcomes of off label singlepiece acrylic intraocular lenses(SPA-IOL) ciliary sulcus placement compared to three-piece IOL(3P-IOL). METHODS: The charts of eight consecutive eyes of patients who received sulcus-placed SPA-IOLs between 2006 and 2009 were reviewed. None of the patients underwent IOL exchange. Charts of six age-matched patients who received sulcus placed 3P-IOLs were reviewed as a control group. RESULTS: Mean follow up was 16 mo for SPA-IOL and 23 mo for 3P-IOL. Five of 8 patients in the SPA-IOL group required chronic use of IOP lowering medications at final follow up. Of these, one patient needed glaucoma implant surgery for uncontrolled IOP. One patient in the 3P-IOL group used chronic aqueous suppression pre- and postoperatively. Four of eight eyes with SPAIOL were treated with chronic topical steroids and or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for cystoid macu-la edema, chronic uveitis, pigment dispersion syndrome or a combination of the above, compared to none in the control group. Mean best-corrected visual acuity was 20/35 in the SPA-IOL group and 20/47 in the 3PIOL group.CONCLUSION: Sulcus placed SPA-IOLs are associated with increased ocular morbidity. In select cases good visual acuity may be achieved. Due to postoperative rotation of sulcus placed toric SPA-IOLs stable astigmatism correction cannot be achieved. Alternative intraocular lenses should be considered when in-the-bag placement of SPA-IOL is not possible.

Cumulative sum analysis score and phacoemulsification competency learning curve

AIM： To use the cumulative sum analysis score（CUSUM） to construct objectively the learning curve of phacoemulsification competency.METHODS： Three second-year residents and an experienced consultant were monitored for a series of 70 phacoemulsification cases each and had their series analysed by CUSUM regarding posterior capsule rupture（PCR） and best-corrected visual acuity. The acceptable rate for PCR was 〈5%（lower limit h） and the unacceptable rate was 〉10%（upper limit h）. The acceptable rate for bestcorrected visual acuity worse than 20/40 was 〈10%（lower limit h） and the unacceptable rate was 〉20%（upper limit h）. The area between lower limit h and upper limit h is called the decision interval. RESULTS： There was no statistically significant difference in the mean age, sex or cataract grades between groups. The first trainee achieved PCR CUSUM competency at his 22 nd case. His best-corrected visual acuity CUSUM was in the decision interval from his third case and stayed there until the end, never reaching competency. The second trainee achieved PCR CUSUM competency at his 39^ th case. He could reach best-corrected visual acuity CUSUM competency at his 22 ^nd case. The third trainee achieved PCR CUSUM competency at his 41 st case. He reached bestcorrected visual acuity CUSUM competency at his 14 ^th case.CONCLUSION： The learning curve of competency in phacoemulsification is constructed by CUSUM and in average took 38 cases for each trainee to achieve it.

人工晶状体作为药物递送系统的研究进展

人工晶状体(intraocular lenses)作为一种给药装置,具有在白内障术后替代常规滴眼液等治疗的应用前景,从而可能用于术后眼部感染、眼内炎症和后囊浑浊等的预防和治疗。载药人工晶状体(drug-loaded intraocular lenses)的优点是能确保药物的持续输送,不受患者依从性的影响,且手术植入后无需采取任何其他措施。本综述总结了以人工晶状体作为药物递送系统的研究进展,分析了载药人工晶状体的载药策略、负载药物类型、以及临床研究现状,有助于更深入理解该领域的最新进展,并为一些眼部疾病如眼内炎和白内障术后并发症等的治疗提供策略和依据。

冲洗针头液流抛光技术治疗白内障超声乳化术后PCO的疗效观察

目的 观察冲洗针头液流抛光与传统注吸头机械抛光对白内障超声乳化术后晶状体后囊膜混浊(PCO)的疗效和安全性。方法 纳入2020年6月—2020年12月咸阳市第一人民医院眼科诊断为年龄相关性白内障患者100例(200只眼),随机分为对照组和观察组,最终纳入对照组47例(94只眼),观察组48例(96只眼)。2组患者均行常规白内障超声乳化吸除术后,对照组术中采用注吸头进行后囊膜抛光,再植入人工晶体。观察组植入人工晶体并在囊袋内旋转360°,采用冲洗针头液流抛光后囊膜。记录术前、术后1 d、7 d、1年的最佳矫正视力(BCVA),术后1年PCO评分和后囊膜激光切开率。结果 (1)BCVA:观察组术后各时间点BCVA均较术前改善,差异均有统计学意义(t1 d=36.759、t7 d=40.101、t1年=47.629,均P=0.000);对照组术后各时间点BCVA均较术前改善,差异均有统计学意义(t1 d=52.429、t7 d=56.829、t1年=62.487,均P=0.000)。2组间术后1 d和7 d BCVA比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组术后1年BCVA优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.709,P=0.007)。(2)PCO评分:观察组PCO分值为(0.13±0.07)分,低于对照组的(0.25±0.15)分,差异有统计学意义(t=7.090,P=0.000)。(3)后囊激光切开率:2组后囊激光切开率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组术中和术后均未发生并发症。结论 冲洗针头液流抛光技术可预防白内障术后PCO的发生,操作简单、经济实用、安全可靠,可降低白内障术后PCO发生率,具有一定推广价值。

玻璃体切割术后眼超声乳化白内障摘出术中并发症的临床分析

背景 玻璃体切割术后白内障的发生率增加,而玻璃体切割术后眼行超声乳化白内障摘出术的难度更大,且手术并发症更多.对玻璃体切割术后眼行超声乳化白内障摘出术的并发症进行临床分析有助于减少术中和术后并发症的发生.目的 分析和比较玻璃体切割术后眼行超声乳化白内障摘出术的相关并发症的发生率.方法 纳入2011年1月至2013年11月于重庆医科大学附属第二医院眼科收治的超声乳化白内障摘出术者193例200眼,依据白内障术前是否行玻璃体切割术分为玻璃体切割组及非玻璃体切割组,前者依据患眼是否有硅油亚分为硅油眼组和无硅油眼组.对各组超声乳化白内障摘出术眼的术中并发症进行回顾性分析和比较.结果 玻璃体切割组超声乳化白内障摘出术中后囊膜破裂、悬韧带松弛、瞳孔不易扩大及虹膜弹性差的发生率分别为7.84％、3.92％、1.96％和1.96％,非玻璃体切割组分别为5.37％、0.67％、7.38％和1.34％,2个组间比较差异均无统计学意义（P=0.506、0.160、0.303、1.000）;硅油眼组上述并发症的发生率分别为0.00％、3.57％、3.57％和3.57％,无硅油眼组分别为17.39％、4.35％、0.00％和0.00％,硅油眼组后囊膜破裂的发生率高于无硅油眼组,2个组间的总发生率差异无统计学意义（P=0.442）.非玻璃体切割组、硅油眼组和无硅油眼组术中并发症的总发生率分别为14.77％、10.71％和21.74％,硅油眼组和无硅油眼组与非玻璃体切割组比较,差异均无统计学意义（P=0.770、0.392）.各组均未见虹膜损伤及脉络膜出血.结论 超声乳化白内障摘出术治疗玻璃体切割术后白内障眼的术中并发症发生率与非玻璃体切割术后白内障眼相比无明显增加,但与玻璃体切割术后硅油眼比较,术中无硅油眼的后囊膜更容易破裂,术中应仔细操作.

儿童先天性白内障476例手术特点分析

目的分析儿童先天性白内障手术方式、人工晶状体(intraocular lens,IOL)植入情况和术后并发症情况,以期为儿童先天性白内障的治疗提供参考。方法回顾分析2008年1月至2016年1月在我院行先天性白内障摘出的13岁以下儿童的临床资料。手术前后行裂隙灯显微镜、眼底、眼压、最佳矫正视力等常规检查。2岁及以下儿童行白内障超声乳化摘出+后囊连续环形撕囊(posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis,PCCC)+前段玻璃体切割(anterior vitrectomy,AV)术,2岁后行二期IOL植入术;>2~4岁儿童行白内障超声乳化摘出+PCCC+AV+IOL植入术;>4~7岁儿童行白内障超声乳化摘出+PCCC+IOL植入术;>7岁儿童行白内障超声乳化摘出+IOL植入术。结果共476例(740眼)纳入本研究,年龄(33.59±37.14)个月,其中0~6个月166例(282眼,38.11%)。一期植入IOL 260眼,年龄(5.59±2.43)岁;二期植入IOL 480眼,年龄(4.06±2.12)岁。IOL植入术后残留屈光度(等效球镜度数):>2~4岁为(3.53±0.56)D,>4~6岁为(2.36±0.32)D,>6~8岁为(1.65±0.52)D,>8~13岁为(-0.25±0.32)D。术后并发症326眼,其中虹膜粘连115眼(35.28%),位于视轴上的后发性白内障97眼(29.75%),术后青光眼54眼(16.56%)。末次随访时单眼白内障术后最佳矫正视力为(0.56±0.41)LogMAR,双眼白内障术后最佳矫正视力为(0.42±0.27)LogMAR,两组相比差异有统计学意义(P=0.04)。结论儿童先天性白内障约三分之一在6个月内进行白内障超声乳化摘出术。双眼先天性白内障患儿视力预后优于单眼先天性白内障患儿。儿童先天性白内障患儿术后并发症较成人多,需谨慎处理。

超高度近视眼白内障超声乳化术后囊袋变化及人工晶状体稳定性研究

目的研究超高度近视眼白内障行超声乳化吸除并人工晶状体（IOL）植入术后晶状体前囊膜直径、面积及IOL偏心量、倾斜角的改变。方法选择超高度近视白内障患者62例（90眼,眼轴〉27mm）为超高度近视组,正常眼轴白内障患者55例（90眼,22mm≤眼轴≤24mm）为正常眼轴组,均行超声乳化并人工晶状体植入术,于术后1~3、3~6和6~12个月时（每个阶段均30眼）散瞳后拍摄眼前节彩照,使用Pentacam三维眼前节成像系统采集Scheimpflug图像,通过Image J图像分析软件测量各前囊口直径、面积及IOL的偏心量、倾斜角和术后房水深度（PAD）。比较两组患者各时间段前囊口形态和IOL稳定性。结果 （1）与正常眼轴组比较,超高度近视组患者术后1~3个月PAD加深,IOL倾斜角加大（t=3.544、2.380,P〈0.01或0.05）;术后3~6个月PAD加深、IOL倾斜角加大,晶状体前囊口面积缩小、平均直径缩短（t=3.390、2.107、-2.186、-2.009,P〈0.01或0.05）;术后6~12个月PAD变浅,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,而超高度近视组患者前囊口面积进一步缩小、水平径及平均直径缩短,IOL倾斜角变化减小（t=-2.652、-2.989、-2.628、0.463,P〈0.01或0.05）。（2）术后组内不同时间段比较,正常眼轴组前囊口形态及IOL稳定性改变的差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）;超高度近视组患者术后6~12个月时的IOL倾斜角较术后1~3及3~6个月明显增加（均P〈0.01）。结论超高度近视合并白内障患者术后前囊口更容易发生收缩,且水平方向收缩程度更加明显,容易引起IOL倾斜角及PAD的改变。

后发性白内障防治的研究

现代白内障手术已成为治疗白内障的确实可靠的方法,但手术后的后囊混浊的高发率严重地影响了患者术后长期拥有良好的视力。因此,如何防治后发性白内障,一直是眼科医生关注的焦点。本文就目前的研究现状作一综述。

人工晶状体囊袋夹持固定法在后囊破裂中的应用

目的观察囊袋夹持固定法植入人工晶状体治疗白内障手术中晶状体后囊破裂的效果。方法通过完全居中的、大小适宜的前囊连续环行撕囊,利用囊袋夹持固定法(人工晶状体光学部完全植入囊袋内而2个袢位于前囊前表面)使人工晶状体迭到稳定的囊袋固定,以处理白内障手术中发生的后囊破裂。分别对接受囊袋夹持法的13眼老年性白内障患者、4眼外伤性白内障患者、3眼先天性白内障患者进行随访观察。结果术后随访平均视力大于等于0.5的患者17眼(85%),夹持于囊袋的人工晶状体能够保持良好、稳定的居中位置,后囊破裂的大小稳定,所有术眼均未出现人工晶状体相关的葡萄膜反应。结论在后囊破裂较大,无法将人工晶状体植入囊袋内时,可以利用前囊撕囊孔进行囊袋内夹持固定法固定人工晶状体。良好的前囊连续环行撕囊不仅可以保证手术的安全性,而且是囊袋夹持法固定人工晶状体的必要条件。

Nd∶YAG激光治疗后发性白内障的临床观察

目的：观察Ｎｄ∶ＹＡＧ激光治疗后发性白内障后的患眼情况，旨在减少术后的并发症。方法：对１２６例（１３０眼）人工晶体植入术后后发性白内障患者行Ｎｄ∶ＹＡＧ后囊膜切开术。结果：术后增视率为８７．６９％；人工晶体损伤２５例；持续性高眼压及视网膜剥离各１例。结论：手术有利于视力提高及查找低视力原因。术中应准确聚焦。

白内障术后后囊膜混浊的发生因素

晶状体后囊膜混浊是白内障摘除联合后房型人工晶状体植入术后最常见的并发症,其发生率与人工晶状体的材料、镜片的式样,手术技术等因素均有关。新型的亲水丙烯酸和疏水丙烯酸AcrysofTM人工晶状体由于材料有良好的生物相容性及粘附性能,从而降低了后囊膜混浊的发生率。后凸型的人工晶状体、矩形锐利直角的光学边缘的人工晶状体、小切口白内障超声乳化摘除术、连续环形撕囊可以减少后囊膜混浊的发生率。

晶状体囊袋张力环在预防后囊膜混浊中的应用

后囊膜混浊是白内障摘出联合后房型人工晶状体植入术后导致视力下降的最常见并发症之一 ,而术中植入囊袋张力环可有效地降低后囊膜混浊的发生 。

应用超声生物显微镜观察Bigbag人工晶状体在高度近视眼囊袋内的稳定性

目的应用超声生物显微镜(ultrasound biomicroscopy,UBM)观察Bigbag人工晶状体在高度近视并发白内障眼囊袋内的稳定性。方法对22例(34眼)高度近视并发白内障患者,行白内障超声乳化吸出联合Bigbag人工晶状体植入术,术后随访6个月,应用UBM结合裂隙灯显微镜观察术后人工晶状体位置、襻与周围组织的关系以及后囊膜皱褶和后发性白内障的发生情况,A型超声检测手术前后眼轴长度、中轴区晶状体后囊膜至视网膜的距离,以评估手术前后晶状体后囊膜在眼内位置的变化。结果术后随访6个月,UBM检查发现2例(2眼)人工晶状体位置异常;1例(1眼)人工晶状体囊袋内前后位置放反,1例(1眼)人工晶状体一襻位于囊袋外,并触及虹膜后表面,均退出后续研究;余20例(32眼)人工晶状体均位于囊袋内居中,襻无触及睫状体及虹膜后表面,散瞳状态下裂隙灯显微镜检查未见后囊膜皱褶的发生,后发性白内障的发生率为6.25%(2/32);眼轴长度术前为(30.39±1.46)mm,术后6个月为(30.46±1.48)mm,手术前后比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.610,P>0.05);中轴区晶状体后囊膜至视网膜的距离,术前为(21.76±0.84)mm,术后6个月为(23.32±1.11)mm,术后6个月较术前平均增长(1.56±0.39)mm,手术前后比较差异有统计学意义(t=22.619,P<0.05)。结论 Bigbag人工晶状体在高度近视眼囊袋内具有较好的稳定性,后囊膜皱褶和后发性白内障的发生率低。UBM在观察Bigbag人工晶状体在眼内的位置及襻与周围组织的关系上具有一定的优势。

后囊连续环形撕囊在儿童白内障手术中的应用

目的 探讨后囊连续环形撕囊术在儿童白内障手术临床应用的价值。方法 在儿童白内障手术中采用后囊连续环形撕囊40例52眼,随访观察10～30月。结果 术后视力在0.8以上者12眼占23.1％,0.4～0.7者22眼占42.3％,0.1～0.3者10眼占19.2％,0.1以下8眼占15.4％。术中并发症主要有玻璃体脱出12眼占23.1％,术后并发症主要有前房渗出及瞳孔机化膜形成18眼占34.6％。全部病例周边后囊均有不同程度浑浊,但视轴区清晰。未出现人工晶状体移位或角膜水肿等严重并发症。结论 后囊连续环形撕囊术是降低儿童的白内障手术后后囊浑浊的一种安全、简便而有效的方法。

后极性白内障超声乳化吸除及折叠型人工晶状体植入术的临床观察

目的:探讨小切口超声乳化治疗后极性白内障的手术技术以及术中、术后并发症的处理方法。方法:46例患者(61只眼),年龄38～78岁,平均57岁。在表麻下行颞侧透明角膜隧道切口的超声乳化,并对后囊下混浊斑块行剥离吸除、环形撕后囊或剪除混浊的后囊及折叠型人工晶状体植入术。结果:51只眼后囊膜完整,其中6只眼有后囊膜混浊;在10只后囊膜破裂眼中,4只眼有玻璃体脱出需行前段玻璃体切割术,并有1只眼晶状体皮质软壳沉入玻璃体腔引起葡萄膜炎及继发性青光眼需再次行后段玻璃体切割。58只眼人工晶状体囊袋内固定,3只眼睫状沟固定。结论:对后极性白内障行超声乳化手术时,谨慎处理后囊下混浊斑块,可以减少术中、术后的并发症,明显提高患者的术后视力。眼科学报2003;

环形撕囊及人工晶状体因素对后囊浑浊的影响

目的 分析前囊连续环形撕囊及人工晶状体因素对后囊浑浊的影响。方法 由同一手术者完成的超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入术的老年性白内障 12 9例 ( 186眼 ) ,随访 2年 ,半定量观察后囊浑浊及其对视力的影响。结果 撕囊的边缘未完全与人工晶状体光学部接触者 ,后囊浑浊的发生率较高 ,(P <0 0 0 0 5 ) ;撕囊游离边缘完全位于光学部者 ,直角边缘的人工晶状体 ,可以更好的预防后囊浑浊 (P <0 0 0 0 5 )。而同为直角边缘 ,丙烯酸和硅凝胶的人工晶状体 ,对后囊浑浊的影响不明显 (P <0 0 0 0 5 )。结论 撕囊的游离缘均匀覆盖人工晶状体光学部周边 0 5～ 0 7mm。同时 ,选择直角边缘的人工晶状体可以有效地减少后囊浑浊的发生 。

后极性白内障的超声乳化吸出术

目的探讨后极性白内障的超声乳化吸出术特殊手术方法。方法设计了不作水分离,只作水分层,囊袋上劈核,保护后极部后囊等特殊手术方法完成后极性白内障的超声乳化吸出术,避免后囊破裂导致的晶状体核下沉、玻璃体脱失等手术并发症。结果明显降低了后极性白内障术中并发症。结论作者设计的特殊手术方法减少了后极性白内障超声乳化吸出术手术风险,具有一定优越性。