Effect of special types of bread with select herbal components on postprandial glucose levels in diabetic patients

BACKGROUND Nutrition recommendations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are to consume rye or integral bread instead of white bread.A positive effect on glucoregulation has been achieved by enriching food with various biologically active substances of herbal origin,so we formulated an herbal mixture that can be used as a supplement for a special type of bread(STB)to achieve better effects on postprandial glucose and insulin levels in patients with T2DM.AIM To compare organoleptic characteristics and effects of two types of bread on postprandial glucose and insulin levels in T2DM patients.METHODS This trial included 97 patients with T2DM.A parallel group of 16 healthy subjects was also investigated.All participants were given 50 g of rye bread and the same amount of a STB with an herbal mixture on 2 consecutive days.Postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels were compared at the 30^(th),60^(th),90^(th) and 120th min.A questionnaire was used for subjective estimation of the organoleptic and satiety features of the two types of bread.RESULTS Compared to patients who consumed rye bread,significantly lower postprandial blood glucose and insulin concentrations were found in T2DM patients who consumed STB.No relevant differences were found among the healthy subjects.Subjectively estimated organoleptic and satiety characteristics are better for STB than for rye bread.CONCLUSION STB have better effects than rye bread on postprandial glucoregulation in T2DM patients.Subjectively estimated organoleptic and satiety characteristics are better for STB than for rye bread.Therefore,STB can be recommended for nutrition in T2DM patients.

miR-211 promotes lens epithelial cells apoptosis by targeting silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog 1 in age-related cataracts

AIM： To detect the expression of miR-211 in age-related cataract tissue, explore the effects of miR-211 on lens epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis, and identify its target gene.METHODS： This study used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（RT-q PCR） to measure the expression of miR-211 and its predicted target gene [silent matingtype information regulation 2 homolog 1（SIRT1）] in 46 anterior lens capsules collected from age-related cataract patients. Human lens epithelial cell line（SRA01/04） cells were transfected with either miR-211 mimics, mimic controls, miR-211 inhibitors or inhibitor controls, 72 h after transfection, miR NA and protein expression of SIRT1 were measured using RT-qP CR and Western blotting; then cells were exposed to 200 μmol/L H2O2 for 1h, whereupon cell viability was measured by MTS assay, caspase-3 assay was performed. Dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the relationship between miR-211 of SIRT1.RESULTS： Compared to the control group, expression of miR-211 was significantly increased（P〈0.001）, the miR NA and protein expression of SIRT1 were significantly decreased（P〈0.001） in the anterior lens capsules of patients with age-related cataracts. Relative to the control group, SIRT1 miR NA and protein levels in the miR-211 mimic group were significantly reduced, cell proliferation activity significantly decreased, and caspase-3 activity was significantly increased（P〈0.001）. In the miR-211 inhibitor group, SIRT1 miRNA and protein expression were significantly increased, cell proliferation activity significantly increased, and caspase-3 activity was significantly decreased（P〈0.001）. A dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that SIRT1 is a direct target of miR-211.CONCLUSION： miR-211 is highly expressed in the anterior lens capsules of patients with age-related cataracts. By negatively regulating the expression of SIRT1, miR-211 promotes lens epithelial cell apoptosis and inhibits lens epithelial cell proliferation.

Role of Mediterranean diet, tropical vegetables rich in antioxidants, and sunlight exposure in blindness, cataract and glaucoma among African type 2 diabetics

AIM: To assess whether regular Mediterranean diet and regular intake of vegetables may reduce the risk of blindness, cataract, and glaucoma in these type 2 diabetics. · METHODS: A cross-sectional design was carried out among known black diabetics admitted at the diabetic clinics of Kinshasa, between October 2008 and March 2009. The Mediterranean-style dietary score (MSDPS) was used to characterize a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern in the study population using the Harvard semi quantitative FFQ adapted for Africa. · RESULTS: Five hundred Type 2 diabetic patients were included in this study (48% of males; 40% aged ≥60 years). There was a significant association between blindness, cataract and aging; between blindness (P <0.05), cataract (P<0.05), glaucoma (P <0.05), and physical inactivity; between blindness (P<0.05), cataract (P <0.0001), glaucoma (P <0.01) and high SES, and a very significant association between blindness (P <0.0001), cataract (P <0.0001), glaucoma (P <0.0001) and exposure to sunlight. There was also a significant association between blindness, glaucoma, and male sex. Regular intake of Mediterranean diet, Brassica Rapa, beans, Abelmoschus, Musa acuminata reduced significantly the risk of blindness, cataract and glaucoma. · CONCLUSION: Regular intake of Mediterranean diet, Brassica Rapa, beans, Abelmoschus, and Musa acuminata may significantly reduce the risk of blindness or its major causes among type 2 diabetes mellitus in Africa.

Tear inflammation related indexes after cataract surgery in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND Quantitative studies on the changes in inflammation-related content in tears,especially the effect of diabetes,are lacking.In this study,we measured the preoperative and postoperative tear inflammatory mediator levels in cataract patients,focusing on the expression of inflammatory factors in postoperative cataracts in the diabetic,and investigated the effect of drugs on the control of postoperative inflammation.AIM To study the expression of inflammatory factors in elderly people with type 2 diabetes after cataract surgery.METHODS Patients with a mean age of 70.3±6.3 years were divided into group A(composed of elderly patients with cataracts and type 2 diabetes,n=20 eyes)and group B(patients with age-related cataract,n=20 eyes).Their tears were collected before each operation and on days 1 and 3,and weeks 1,2,3,and 4 post-surgery.Saline(150μL)was dropped into the conjunctival sac of the surgical eye,followed by oculogyration in four directions.The fluid in the conjunctival sac was extracted using a sterile syringe and stored in Eppendorf tubes at-80°C until measurement.The expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2),MMP-9,tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1),TIMP-2,interleukin-6(IL-6),and IL-20 in tear fluid were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.RESULTS The postoperative expression levels of MMP-2,MMP-9,TIMP-2,IL-6,and IL-20 in group A were significantly higher than those in group B,whereas the concentration of TIMP-1 in group A remained lower than that in group B.The levels of MMP-2 and IL-6 in both groups continuously increased until the peak in the first postoperative week,and then gradually decreased over the next three weeks.Ultimately,MMP-2 declined to a lower level than that preoperatively at week 4,but IL-6 decreased to the same level as that preoperatively.The level of MMP-9 peaked in the first two weeks postoperative and then returned to the same level as 1-day post-operation.The concentration of TIMP-1 post-operation remained constant at a lower level than before surgery,and TIMP-2 Levels remained stable in both groups.IL-20 content started to increase in the third week after surgery.CONCLUSION Inflammatory factor levels in tears fluctuated before and post-operation,which indicated more severe postoperative inflammation in the first two weeks.

LRS Bianchi Type-I Cosmological Model with Anisotropic Dark Energy and Special Form of Deceleration Parameter

We have studied Locally Rotationally Symmetric (LRS) Bianchi type-I cosmological model filled with anisotropic fluid in general theory of relativity. The solutions of the field equations are obtained by using special form of deceleration parameter which gives early deceleration and late time accelerating cosmological model. The geometrical and physical aspect of the model is also studied.

超临界相位的Special Lagrangian方程的狄利克雷边值问题

在这篇文章中,我们介绍了一种Special Lagrangian方程,并且研究此方程在超临界相位时对应的狄利克雷边值问题.通过建立整体的C 2估计,运用经典的连续性方法得到解的存在性.

Bianchi type I in f(T) gravitational theories

A tetrad field that is homogeneous and anisotropic which contains two unknown functions A（t） and B（t） of cosmic time is applied to the field equations of f（T）, where T is the torsion scalar, T = T~μ_（νρ）S_μ^（νρ）. We calculate the equation of continuity and rewrite it as a product of two brackets, the first is a function of f（T） and the second is a function of the two unknowns A（t） and B（t）. We use two different relations between the two unknown functions A（t） and B（t） in the second bracket to solve it. Both of these relations give constant scalar torsion and solutions coincide with the de Sitter one. So,another assumption related to the contents of the matter fields is postulated. This assumption enables us to drive a solution with a non-constant value of the scalar torsion and a form of f（T） which represents ΛCDM.

要素禀赋改善、产业结构优化与特殊类型地区共同富裕

特殊类型地区是推进高质量发展的重点区域,建构“以要素禀赋改善为支撑,产业结构转型升级为引擎,协同驱动区域共同富裕”的逻辑框架,计量分析要素禀赋和产业结构耦合协调度,实证检验三者之间互动关联并探讨其理论蕴含,有益于加快构建支持特殊类型地区振兴发展的政策体系和长效机制。结果表明,产业结构调整在要素禀赋影响特殊类型地区振兴发展的过程中发挥中介作用;实现要素禀赋与产业结构的耦合协调可以更好推进区域共同富裕,二者耦合协调程度在要素禀赋促进区域共同富裕过程中发挥门槛效应;要素禀赋及其与产业结构耦合协调度发挥正向作用时,其滞后一期变量对促进区域共同富裕具有阻滞作用。据此针对要素品质提升、产业结构高阶演进以及政府与市场作用协同发挥等领域给出相关建议,力争推动特殊类型地区在要素禀赋改善与产业结构优化良性互动中实现高质量发展。

加工专用型双青大豆齐农绿1号的选育研究

随着特用型双青大豆商品原料需求量日益增多,现有双青豆品种的商品产出量不能满足生产和市场需要,尤其是双青豆新品种的更新换代速度与育成数量不及普通类型品种,现有生产应用的品种相对单一,老品种在生产上连年种植,种性退化,对病虫草害的抵抗能力减弱,造成产量和品质降低,有碍于双青大豆产业的健康发展。针对存在的问题,黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院大豆研究团队开展了双青大豆育种工作,选育出双青大豆齐农绿1号,该品种属特用型绿种皮绿子叶大豆品种。适宜在黑龙江省第四积温带≥10℃活动积温2250℃区域种植,在适应区出苗至成熟生育日数113 d左右。株高89 cm左右,有分枝,白花、尖叶、亚有限结荚习性,灰色茸毛,荚弯镰形、成熟时呈褐色,籽粒圆形、种皮绿色有光泽,种脐褐色,百粒重20.6 g左右。2020—2021年区域试验平均产量2630.4 kg·hm^(-2),较对照品种广石绿大豆1号增产9.8%;中抗灰斑病;平均蛋白质含量39.39%,脂肪含量20.04%。该品种的育成,既为特用型双青大豆生产提供新品种支撑,满足市场对新品种的需求,提升品种对产业的贡献度,又为双青大豆育种特供优异的亲本资源,拓宽了遗传基础,加快了双青大豆新品种的培育速度。

破解海岸带环境司法困境:基于陆海统筹原则

我国海岸带环境案件存在管辖权冲突、法律适用有争议、原告资格不明确、诉讼性质认定有争鸣、诉讼程序衔接未确定、司法执行机制不完善等环环相扣的问题,造成海岸带环境司法困境。究其根源,主要在于陆海“二分法”的分类思维影响较大,其与陆海统筹合为表里的内涵尚未得到全面、深入的理解。为破解海岸带环境司法困境,既要重视海岸带环境案件的特殊性,将其确立为类型化案件并由海事法院专门管辖,又要贯彻陆海统筹原则,实现司法规则内在融贯、法治环节协调一致。

质量监测指标在血站实验室ABO血型检测中的应用

目的分析ABO血型检测相关质量监测指标情况及其变化趋势,探讨质量监测指标在血站实验室ABO血型检测过程中的作用。方法以该中心2012—2021年2733642例献血者标本为研究对象,分析2012—2021年ABO血型检测过程中相关质量监测指标,包括特殊血型检出率、标本血型与血液制剂血型不一致率、采血部门血型检测错误率、送检血型与确认结果符合率等,对数据进行整理和分析。结果2012—2021年2733642例献血者特殊血型检出率中位数为0.030%,各年度比较,差异有统计学意义(0.019%~0.051%;χ^(2)=75.612,P<0.01)。标本血型与血液制剂血型不一致率为0.04■,各年度比较,差异有统计学意义(0.00■~0.21■;χ^(2)=15.787,P<0.01),呈递减趋势(χ^(2)=11.178,P<0.01)。采血部门血型检测错误率为0.55?,各年度比较,差异有统计学意义(0.24■~0.77■;χ^(2)=18.247,P<0.05),呈递减趋势(χ^(2)=8.143,P<0.01)。送检血型与确认结果符合率为78.24%,各年度比较,差异无统计学意义(70.94%~84.71%,χ^(2)=11.993,P>0.05),未见明显趋势变化(χ^(2)=0.879,P>0.05)。结论血站实验室应使用质量监测指标对ABO血型检测进行持续监控和过程评价,确保实验室检测能力的有效性、稳定性,为血型检测过程管理持续改进提供数据依据。

白内障合并2型糖尿病患者血清ES、MMP-2、MMP-9的表达及其影响因素分析

目的:探讨白内障合并2型糖尿病患者血清血管内皮抑制素(ES)、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)的表达及其影响因素。方法:选取2019年1月—2023年1月在昌邑市人民医院就诊的白内障患者90例作为研究对象,将白内障合并2型糖尿病患者48例作为试验组,白内障未合并2型糖尿病患者42例作为对照组。两组均检测血清血糖、ES、MMP-2、MMP-9水平,分析白内障合并2型糖尿病患者ES、MMP-2、MMP-9高表达的影响因素,分析白内障合并2型糖尿病患者ES水平与MMP-2、MMP-9、血糖的相关性。结果:与对照组比较,试验组空腹血糖、ES、MMP-2、MMP-9水平明显更高(P<0.05)。空腹血糖浓度是白内障合并2型糖尿病患者ES、MMP-2、MMP-9高表达的影响因素(P<0.05)。白内障合并2型糖尿病患者ES水平与MMP-2、MMP-9、空腹血糖浓度呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:白内障合并2型糖尿病患者血清ES、MMP-2、MMP-9表达水平较高,与空腹血糖浓度有关,且血清ES水平与MMP-2、MMP-9、空腹血糖浓度呈正相关。

新型举国体制:中国政治领导层力图完成重大变革的任务体制

新型举国体制是近年来出现的一个重要新概念,代表了中国政治领导层对于实现某种目标和改革施政方式的决心,因而具有高度的政治性和实践性。但是,实施新型举国体制的具体形态仍然处于动态的变化之中。鉴于这个概念具有可能超出人们目前想象的重大意义,学术界有必要超越政策解读阶段,把相关的讨论推进到理论阶段。为此,文章从历史经验概括出“举国体制”必备的核心特征,从中国当前遇到的重大挑战和新的制度安排演进的边界条件等方面证明,新型举国体制是在国家发展的关键阶段中国政治领导层力图完成重大变革的任务体制。

以实践目标为导向的本科生课程教学改革

针对新形势下的工科专业培养要求,提出了以实践目标为导向的给排水科学与工程专业“水的特种处理”课程教学改革方案。在对本课程进行现状分析并提出课程存在不足的基础上,开展了以培养学生的工程实践应用和科技创新能力为目标的课程实践,将课程进行模块化分类并注重课程的成果输出,强化课程团队建设与过程评价体系,以期为工科专业的课程改革和人才培养提供一定的借鉴。

高职“理论+实践”型专业课分布式教学研究

“理论+实践”型课程是教育部人才培养工作状态数据采集平台中的一类课程,它在高职专业课程体系中占比高;优化“理论+实践”型课程教学安排,确保学生足额、真实参加实践,从而提高教学效果,意义重大。文章提出通过对“理论+实践”型课程采用“场所分布、理实交替”的分布式教学,解决当前教学场所单一带来的教学资源条件利用率不高、课程理论与实践教学不易监控、教学效果不佳等问题;通过完善专业教学进程计划表、增加“执行单位”栏,推动课程建设与实施向院外分布,有助于在适应市场变化的情况下优化专业设置,解决跨院系开设新专业和组建专业群的难题;通过课程专用教室建设,确保课程分布式教学顺利实施。

乳腺富于脂质癌的探讨

乳腺富于脂质癌(LRC)于1963年被首次描述,该疾病已被重新分配到无特殊类型浸润性乳腺癌类别中。有研究者认为乳腺LRC癌细胞中的脂质是乳腺导管上皮细胞分泌产物。LRC的病理特征是质地坚硬,切片呈淡黄色,与周围组织边界不清。乳腺LRC通常被认为是乳腺癌的侵袭性表型,其缺乏统一的治疗方案和标准。更深入的随访研究将有助于制定综合治疗方案。该文评述了乳腺LRC的研究过程和发展现状。

特瑞普利单抗在膀胱肿瘤综合治疗中的疗效和安全性分析

目的:评价真实世界中特瑞普利单抗在膀胱尿路上皮癌(bladder urothelial carcinoma,UBC)及特殊类型膀胱肿瘤(atypical bladder tumor,ABT)综合治疗中的疗效及相关安全性。方法:纳入46例手术+特瑞普利单抗综合治疗的膀胱肿瘤患者(32例尿路上皮癌、14例特殊类型肿瘤)的资料,统计分析治疗期间出现的治疗相关不良反应发生率及疗效评估。结果:分组:尿路上皮癌患者32例,特殊类型膀胱肿瘤14例,在使用特瑞普利单抗的综合治疗中患者整体复发率为15.2%,46例患者常见不良反应包括皮肤瘙痒(17.4%),甲状腺功能异常(15.2%),食欲下降(10.9%)等,其中3~4级不良反应发生有14例,占总不良反应的36.8%。结论:特瑞普利单抗在UBC和ABT的综合治疗中的疗效显著,整体安全可控,但应警惕不良反应。

19世纪朝鲜半岛汉语会话书俗字变异解析

19世纪朝鲜半岛汉语会话书是朝鲜王朝后期流行于民间的一批私人手抄汉语会话类教科书。这批反映中朝边境贸易往来的抄本文献保留了大量的汉文俗字,不仅真实记录了朝鲜民间的书写习惯,也是研究朝鲜半岛汉字的丰富宝库。本文以传统“六书”与汉字构形学为理论指导,考察抄本俗字与正体字在笔画、构件和整字三个层级的变异类型,其简省与增繁、同化与异化、改换与易位等用字现象,充分反映了汉字在朝鲜半岛的传承和变异特征。笔画和构件的简化是抄本俗字变异中最基础、最直接的表现形式;构件形体的类推性,是维持会话书抄本文字系统的有效手段;新造六书俗字、记号俗字和新增音义俗字等体现了朝鲜编写者在继承汉字系统的前提下,对构形单位进行了部分改变和局部创新。

何庆勇主任医师运用白虎加人参汤经验

白虎加人参汤出自《伤寒杂病论》,有滋阴清热,益气生津之功,主治阳明热盛,暑病里热炽盛,气津两伤证。常用于治疗2型糖尿病、重症肺炎、脓毒症、发热性疾病等急慢性疾病。何庆勇主任医师运用白虎加人参汤的经验有以下五点:一是注重方证辨证与抓主证,白虎加人参汤的主证是渴欲饮水数升,大汗出,脉洪大而虚。临床上见上述方证者,如2型糖尿病在内的很多疾病均可用之;二是白虎汤“四大症”实为白虎加人参汤证;三是白虎加人参汤实为2型糖尿病专方;四是临床运用白虎加人参汤必须使用大剂量石膏,48.0~220.8 g,临证均可大胆使用,且必须生用;五是重视煎服法,运用白虎加人参汤时,药物应与粳米同煮,米熟汤成;六是病证复杂时进行经方叠用,比如见口干口渴,口苦,小便黄赤,可合用瓜蒌牡蛎散。