Obama Plays Catch Up in Africa

WITH the world economic re- covery under way, Africa is work- ing to revive strong growth, aid- ed by booming cooperation with emerging economies that is boosting the continent＇s eco- nomic development. This growth is shown in the IMF figures,

The rise of emerging powers and the BRICs’ chase to catch up

The rise of great powers is a universal phenomenon in global economic development. However, at different times countries' rises are accompanied by different tendencies and characteristics. With the BRICs as representatives, the rise of emerging super powers has become a new trend in global economic development in recent decades. What is the difference between the rise of these super-economies and those in the past? In what ways can China's revival be inspired? These are both theoretically and pragmatically significant questions.

Can Emerging Economies Catch-up Sustainably？-An Analysis of BRICS＇ Economic Growth Pattern

The BRICS （Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa） and other emerging economies have become a driving global force for the past twenty years. However, their growth patterns are obsolete, impeding the quality and competitiveness of their economic growth, while simultaneously threatening the sustainability of their economic convergence with developed nations. Transforming the domestic growth pattern-the solution to the middle-income trap-has therefore become a key priority for each of these economies. This paper presents a comparative analysis of how to transform the pattern of economic growth in BRICS and achieve sustainable economic convergence with a comparative analysis of the pattern of economic growth and problems among BRICS countries.

Playing Catch Up

China’s fledgling e-reader industry faces serious headwinds After Amazon’s Kindle e-reader became a market hit in 2008 in the United States,a string of Chinese companies have jumped on

Helping Xinjiang Catch Up

Guangdong explores new methods to aid Xinjiang While China’s eastern coastal regions bask in the glow of an economic boom following initiation of the reform and opening up policy in 1978,inland Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region lags behind.

CATCH模型在神经内科住院患者跌倒预防管理中的应用

目的 探讨CATCH模型在神经内科住院患者跌倒预防管理中的应用效果。方法 选取自贡市第一人民医院神经内科2015-2017年17 220例住院患者为对照组,实施常规跌倒预防措施;2018-2020年19 264例住院患者为试验组,在常规措施基础上应用CATCH模型开展跌倒管理工作;比较两组患者跌倒发生率及伤害率,分析跌倒发生的规律。结果 干预后跌倒发生率由0.370‰降至0.274‰,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组跌倒伤害占比为66.04%,低于对照组(75.00%),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);中重度跌倒伤害占比由43.06%降至18.87%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 CATCH模型能有效降低神经内科住院患者跌倒发生率及中重度跌倒伤害占比。

Scientific Catch-Up in Asian Economies: A Case Study for Solar Cell

A significant structural change in the pattern of economic development in Asian economies has been observed in recent years. We have seen many cases in which the Asian economies became the center of the world-wide production in an extremely short period of time after a new product entered the market. Also in the science, the number of papers written by Asian researchers has been increasing dramatically. In this situation, the existing studies cannot sufficiently explain the driving force and the mechanism of catch-up or economic growth. Therefore, it is now required to model this new type of economic development. In this paper we analyzed their scientific catch-up status using scientific papers on solar cells to clarify the structural change. After mid 1990s, knowledge creation has been accelerated in the field of solar cell. Now more than three thousand papers are published annually. We found as a result that the catch-up process in Asian economies had progressed rapidly, that some economies had a larger share of scientific papers in the frontier field of advanced science than in the matured fields, and that the strategy largely changed from area to area. A “parallel-running-type growth model” has thus been emerging in Asia. Responding to the significant changes in development model, we have to re-design the framework of economic cooperation. There is a need for further horizontal collaboration among major Asian economies and developed economies. We also showed that bibliometrics is an effective method for presuming a detailed national strategy that is not known to the outside.

Dual-Ion Co-Regulation System Enabling High-Performance Electrochemical Artificial Yarn Muscles with Energy-Free Catch States

Artificial yarn muscles show great potential in applications requiring low-energy consumption while maintaining high performance. However, conventional designs have been limited by weak ion-yarn muscle interactions and inefficient “rocking-chair” ion migration. To address these limitations, we present an electrochemical artificial yarn muscle design driven by a dual-ion co-regulation system. By utilizing two reaction channels, this system shortens ion migration pathways, leading to faster and more efficient actuation. During the charging/discharging process, PF_6~- ions react with carbon nanotube yarn, while Li~+ ions react with an Al foil. The intercalation reaction between PF_6~- and collapsed carbon nanotubes allows the yarn muscle to achieve an energy-free high-tension catch state. The dual-ion coordinated yarn muscles exhibit superior contractile stroke, maximum contractile rate, and maximum power densities, exceeding those of “rocking-chair” type ion migration yarn muscles. The dual-ion co-regulation system enhances the ion migration rate during actuation, resulting in improved performance. Moreover, the yarn muscles can withstand high levels of isometric stress, displaying a stress of 61 times that of skeletal muscles and 8 times that of “rocking-chair” type yarn muscles at higher frequencies. This technology holds significant potential for various applications, including prosthetics and robotics.

A Solow-Swan Model with Technological Overflow and Catch-up

By introducing the logistic-like technology, the classical Solow-Swan model is extended to inquire the technological overflow and catch-up of the developing economy in this paper. The improved model is described by a two-dimensional dynamical system. It is proved that the model has a unique equilibrium which is a sink and the solution of the equation is globally asymptotically stable. And the classical Solow-Swan model is a special case of the model given here. The economic growth patterns are discussed by phase portrait analysis at the end of this paper.

Distortions, Growth Catch-up, and Sustainable Growth

A distortion is a departure from the allocation of economic resources from the state in which each agent maximizes his/her own welfare. Distortions can be divided into endogenous distortion(i.e. market imperfections) and policy-imposed distortion. The relationship between distortion and development is complex, thus favorable distortion would only be possible under certain conditions, where, as argued in this paper, four crucial mechanisms may play roles — advantage of backwardness, second-best principle, coordination failure and political economy perspective. Empirically, both international experience and evidence from China suggest that distortions have a positive effect on total factor productivity(TFP) in the early stages of development, but with increasing income levels this role gradually diminishes. Especially in the phases of middle and high income, the negative effects of distortions are significant and become an important factor leading to the middle-income trap. Therefore, reducing and correcting distortions is the key to achieving sustainable growth. Regarding China, it is necessary to eliminate the distortions in a clear way and let the market play the decisive role in resource allocation. Otherwise, in the name of "growth catch-up," the policy-imposed distortion will occur frequently, and the direction of market-oriented reform will become blurred and swing. Mitigating unfavorable distortions is largely a process of exploring the favorable borderline of government and market, which constitutes a major challenge for all economies.

Seroprevalence of Viral Hepatitis Markers B in Secondary School in Abidjan: Advocacy for a Catch-Up Vaccination

Aim: To determine the prevalence of HBs antigen in secondary schools, to appreciate the vaccination coverage of viral hepatitis B and to propose a vaccine catch-up strategy. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted over a two-month period from April 24 to June 24, 2006 among students aged 10 - 15, in two schools (one public and the other private) of the city of Abidjan selected at random. The assay of serum markers of viral hepatitis B of the samples collected after 5 ml peripheral venous sampling was carried out in the viral serology and bacteriology unit of the Pasteur institute of Ivory Coast using the ELISA technique (Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbant-Assay). The ELISA technique is an enzyme immunoassay technique that can detect an antigen or an antibody by highlighting the antigen-antibody reaction. Results: Of the 282 students who participated in our study, 5.3% of students (n = 15) were infected with the hepatitis B virus. The majority of students (79.1%, n = 223) did not have no contact with the hepatitis B virus. Only 7.8% (n = 22) of the students were vaccinated against viral hepatitis B. Conclusion: The low immunization coverage and the high prevalence of seronegative students reflect the need for a vaccine catch-up policy for adolescents born before the introduction of vaccination against the viral hepatitis B virus in the Expanded Program on Immunization.

《生长减缓婴幼儿的追赶生长:指导临床医师的专家建议》解读

生长减缓是帮助早期识别营养问题的重要临床表现,尽早识别和干预婴幼儿生长减缓对改善其近远期健康结局意义重大。之前发表的相关指南和专家共识对生长减缓缺乏统一的定义,影响临床识别、评估与规范管理。2023年3月,Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition杂志发表了《生长减缓婴幼儿的追赶生长:指导临床医师的专家建议》,不仅阐述了追赶生长的重要性,还针对如何适当地定义、评估和管理生长减缓制定了切实可行的共识建议,对临床医生具有现实的指导价值。本文结合我国临床现状,对该“建议”进行解读,以期为我国临床医师管理生长减缓婴幼儿提供指导和参考。

“双碳”目标下能源碳排放驱动机制及脱钩水平分析——以东北三省为例

在中国提出2030年前实现碳达峰的背景下,选取2006-2020年东北三省面板数据,对其能源碳排放时空分异及驱动机制进行研究,基于Tapio脱钩指数、追赶脱钩模型考察东北三省脱钩状态和与标杆省份的发展差距。结果表明:(1)东北三省2006-2020年的能源碳排放总量先上升后下降,即呈倒“U”型曲线;东北三省能源碳排放量总体呈辽宁省>黑龙江省>吉林省的分异特征。(2)人均GDP和能源强度分别是促进和减缓东北三省能源碳排放的关键性因素。(3)黑龙江省和吉林省碳排放和经济发展已经逐渐脱钩,具备碳达峰的条件,辽宁省脱钩类型复杂,尚未实现脱钩。(4)黑龙江省、吉林省和辽宁省与标杆省份追赶脱钩类型不同。

技术—经济范式赶超机遇与中国国家创新体系建设转型:概念框架、日本经验与启示

[目的/意义]本文从技术—经济范式理论视角把握后发经济体摆脱“追赶—落后—追赶”路径依赖,实现赶超与国家创新体系建设转型的关系,为中国在新发展阶段有效抓住新一轮技术—经济范式变革机遇、提升国家创新体系效能提供依据和思路。[方法/过程]首先,构建技术—经济范式赶超与国家创新体系建设的概念框架;然后,分析日本促进技术—经济范式超越追赶的国家创新体系建设取向;最后,辨析当前中国与日本实现技术—经济范式赶超面临的情境异同,指出中国国家创新体系建设转型的方向。[结果/结论]“导入期”和“转折期”是后发经济体实现技术—经济范式超越追赶中的关键进程,需要国家创新体系给予有效的制度、组织及资源支持。日本经验对中国国家创新体系转型有4点启示:兼顾范式追赶和范式引领两个有着本质性差异的目标,重视但不拘泥于突破核心关键技术,重点围绕潜在优势产业布局及一体化政策配套转型,以及着重思考如何借助海外投资提升中国企业的国际竞争能级。

政策协调、不确定性与大型技术系统创新——中国核电技术赶超的案例研究

后发国家技术赶超需要实现“市场规模”和“技术自主”的双重目标,但现实中这一进程普遍面临技术依赖的“追赶者陷阱”的问题。论文采用个案内过程追踪的研究方法和“政策子系统”的分析视角,基于中国核电50年的技术赶超历程,解释了后发国家如何通过政策协调实现大型技术系统的技术赶超。研究发现,大型技术系统的创新绩效与其所在政策子系统的特性密切相关,核电政策子系统具有碎片化的结构和行为目标,需要同步进行政府部门间协调和政府对市场协调,协调机制主要包括国家意志、行政指令、共识信号和市场竞争等。政策协调通过降低大型技术系统中产业主体面临的供需不确定性,解决产业主体专用化投资不足的激励困境。跳出“追赶者陷阱”的关键在于建立国产化率目标硬约束与多种协调机制。研究进一步深化了对技术赶超中政府角色的认识,弥补了已有文献对于大型技术系统产业管理体制研究不足的理论缺口,对新型举国体制下提高系统创新能力有一定的启示。

新中国成立以来我国产业政策演进的历史考察及经验启示

新中国成立以来,基于发展逻辑差异,党领导政府推进我国产业政策发展经历了三个阶段,即赶超逻辑主导的中国特色产业政策先声阶段、发展市场机制的中国特色产业政策体系构建阶段、高水平赶超逻辑引领的新时代中国特色产业体系阶段。我国产业政策实践地推动了社会生产力的解放和发展,并在新的质态维度催生新质生产力,同时积累了丰富经验且为我国产业政策部署实施提供了基本遵循,即坚持以党的绝对领导为根本原则,坚持以科技创新推动产业创新,坚持以完善新型举国体制带动产业变革,坚持以新型工业化转换经济增长动能,坚持在应用基础研究和前沿研究中开创产业发展新局面。

并购情境下基于智力资本整合的技术追赶机理———沈阳机床并购德国希斯案例分析

跨国并购被认为是后发企业获取创新资源实现技术追赶的有效捷径。对被并方资源形式拥有并不等于技术能力提升,有效内化并购资源才能支持后发企业技术能力跃升。但文献对“并购-技术追赶”的资源整合的动态机制缺乏充分理论解释。将沈阳机床并购德国希斯的整合实践作为案例样本,借鉴与组织技术转移和创新关联性较强的“智力资本”概念体系,探索基于并购的“智力资本整合-技术追赶”内在机理。研究发现:①基于并购的技术追赶遵循“吸收模仿-集成创造-主导领先”发展路径;②“并购追赶”导向下智力资本整合呈现“人力资本整合主导-社会资本整合主导-组织资本整合主导”演进轨迹;③智力资本整合效应呈现“逆向吸收效应-多元融合效应-能力重构效应”动态转变。

数字化转型、动态能力与制造业企业后发追赶

数字化转型是未来经济增长的引擎,如何在数字经济背景下实现后发追赶是企业发展的核心议题。然而,企业数字化转型和后发追赶之间的关系机制尚未得到充分探索。本文基于2012~2022年制造业上市企业的相关数据,从理论和实证层面探讨数字化转型对企业后发追赶的影响。研究结果如下:(1)数字化转型对企业的技术追赶和市场追赶有积极且显著的影响,在使用工具变量法、倾向评分匹配和其他稳健性检验后,结果仍然有效。此外,数字化转型对市场追赶的提升作用比技术追赶更强;(2)机制检验发现,数字化转型主要通过提升动态能力的途径促进企业后发追赶;(3)异质性检验发现,相较于非国有企业和非高技术产业企业,数字化转型对国有企业和高技术产业企业追赶的促进作用更强。本文拓展了企业后发追赶研究的视角,并为企业制定数字化转型和追赶策略提供了依据。

早产小于胎龄儿校正0~24月龄追赶生长的纵向研究

目的了解早产小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age,SGA)和适于胎龄儿(appropriate for gestational age,AGA)校正0~24月龄期间生长发育状况和差异,为早产儿早期健康干预提供依据。方法回顾性选取2019年7月—2022年7月在广州市妇女儿童医疗中心定期保健的824例早产儿作为研究对象,其中SGA 144例,AGA 680例。分析和比较SGA组和AGA组出生及校正0~24月龄的体格发育数据。结果SGA组在校正0~18月龄期间的体重和身长均落后于同月龄AGA组(P<0.05),而校正24月龄时,两组的体重和身长比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。校正24月龄时,85%(34/40)SGA早产儿和79%(74/94)AGA早产儿完成追赶生长。按胎龄分层分析的结果显示:胎龄<34周SGA亚组体重、身长在校正0~9月龄与胎龄<34周和≥34周AGA亚组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);胎龄≥34周SGA亚组体重、身长分别在校正0~18月龄和校正0~12月龄与胎龄<34周和≥34周AGA亚组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。胎龄<34周和≥34周SGA早产儿追赶生长分别主要发生在校正0~12月龄、校正0~18月龄。结论SGA早产儿生命早期体格发育落后于AGA早产儿,但在校正24月龄时实现追赶生长的比例高于AGA早产儿。胎龄<34周SGA早产儿实现追赶生长的时间早于胎龄≥34周SGA早产儿。

筚路蓝缕:合法性视角下后发企业标准赶超过程机制

标准赶超是后发企业获取国际话语权的重要途径。然而,现有研究对后发企业标准赶超的过程机制关注不够。基于合法性视角,对华为5G项目开展纵向单案例分析,探索其标准赶超过程机制。结果发现,当有效性线索缺乏时,后发企业基于主动型合法性判断的认知指导,通过塑造机制创造差异化合法性,实现技术突破,从而为标准蓄能;当有效性来源充足时,后发企业基于被动型合法性判断的认知指导,通过同形机制获得一致性合法性,使其技术提案被纳入国际标准,实现标准并跑;当外部有效性波动时,在主动型、被动型相结合的合法性判断指导下,后发企业通过扩散机制获得“和而不同”的合法性,从而实现标准引领。