Since the Reform and Opening-up policy had been implemented in 1978, China's Mainland has experienced significant economic growth, with GDP rising on an annual average of about 10%. However, this growth miracle wa...Since the Reform and Opening-up policy had been implemented in 1978, China's Mainland has experienced significant economic growth, with GDP rising on an annual average of about 10%. However, this growth miracle was far from being evenly distributed across space. It is, therefore, the aim of this paper to study the evolution of spatial disparities in economic development across the country between 1993 and 2012, a period which is characterized by all provinces having access to international markets and being open for international investors. We seek to answer the question of whether Central and Western Chinese provinces were catching up with the East. We define ＇catching up＇ as a growing similarity among spatial units. Convergence processes might manifest in four dimensions, including （1） the spatial allocation of employment, value added generation and the fixed capital stock, （2） forms of technical change, （3） productivity patterns, and （4） income distribution. Results show that persistent phases of convergence appeared. However, in some cases the catching up of China＇s less developed parts with the flourishing East was limited to only a few Western and Central Chinese provinces. A high degree of path-dependency in economic development prevented catching up from taking place in a more uniform manner.展开更多
Shanghai still hasa long way to gobefore it can reachthe level of HongKong’s financial clout Shanghai and Hong Kong. One is the Chinese mainland’s financial center and the other an international finan- cial hub. Bot...Shanghai still hasa long way to gobefore it can reachthe level of HongKong’s financial clout Shanghai and Hong Kong. One is the Chinese mainland’s financial center and the other an international finan- cial hub. Both of the cities are Chinese and their展开更多
The most fundamental change in the world economy over the past 40 years has been China, which is effectively catching up in a smart, normal, peaceful and rule-based way, said Jeffrey Sachs, Director of the Center for ...The most fundamental change in the world economy over the past 40 years has been China, which is effectively catching up in a smart, normal, peaceful and rule-based way, said Jeffrey Sachs, Director of the Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University and senior United Nations advisor, during a keynote speech at an event co-hosted by the China General Chamber of Commerce-USA and the Standard Chartered Bank in New York City on May 2.展开更多
The BRICS （Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa） and other emerging economies have become a driving global force for the past twenty years. However, their growth patterns are obsolete, impeding the quality ...The BRICS （Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa） and other emerging economies have become a driving global force for the past twenty years. However, their growth patterns are obsolete, impeding the quality and competitiveness of their economic growth, while simultaneously threatening the sustainability of their economic convergence with developed nations. Transforming the domestic growth pattern-the solution to the middle-income trap-has therefore become a key priority for each of these economies. This paper presents a comparative analysis of how to transform the pattern of economic growth in BRICS and achieve sustainable economic convergence with a comparative analysis of the pattern of economic growth and problems among BRICS countries.展开更多
Troponin is a thin filament-associated regulator of vertebrate striated muscle contraction. Troponin changes its structure upon Ca2+ binding to troponin C, one of the subunits of troponin, allowing myosin to interact ...Troponin is a thin filament-associated regulator of vertebrate striated muscle contraction. Troponin changes its structure upon Ca2+ binding to troponin C, one of the subunits of troponin, allowing myosin to interact with actin. We recently elucidated the molecular characteristics of the Japanese pearl oyster Pinctada fucata troponin C (Pifuc-TnC), revealing the possibilities that Pifuc-TnC and vertebrate muscle TnC play dissimilar roles in muscle contraction. Pifuc-TnC has four EF-hand motifs, but, unlike vertebrate TnC, only one (site IV) was predicted to bind Ca2+. To confirm the number of Ca2+-binding sites in Pifuc-TnC and whether Ca2+ binding induces a conformational change, we purified the full-length protein and a variant, Pifuc-TnC-E142Q (that has a mutation in the predicted Ca2+-binding site of site IV), following their expression in laboratory E. coli. Isothermal titration calorimetry demonstrated Ca2+ binding to Pifuc-TnC, whereas Pifuc-TnC-E142Q was unable to bind Ca2+, confirming that site IV is the only Ca2+-binding site in Pifuc-TnC. Pifuc-TnC eluted in a later fraction from a gel filtration column in the presence of Ca2+ compared with the condition when Ca2+ was absent. In contrast, the elution profiles of Pifuc-TnC-E142Q were equivalent in both the presence and absence of Ca2+, suggesting that Ca2+ binding to Pifuc-TnC induces a conformational change that delays its elution from the column. UV-absorption spectral analysis revealed that binding of Ca2+ to Pifuc-TnC caused an increase in absorption at a wavelength of approximately 250 nm, possibly because phenylalanine residues had been exposed on the surface of the molecule as a result of a conformational change. Differential scanning calorimetric analyses of Pifuc-TnC showed aggregation in the presence of Ca2+ in accordance with an increase of temperature, but no aggregation was seen in the absence of Ca2+. In combination, these findings suggest that Ca2+ binding to site IV induces a conformational change in Pifuc-TnC.展开更多
WITH the world economic re- covery under way, Africa is work- ing to revive strong growth, aid- ed by booming cooperation with emerging economies that is boosting the continent＇s eco- nomic development. This growth i...WITH the world economic re- covery under way, Africa is work- ing to revive strong growth, aid- ed by booming cooperation with emerging economies that is boosting the continent＇s eco- nomic development. This growth is shown in the IMF figures,展开更多
Neon flying squid Ommastrephes batramii is widely distributed in the North Pacific Ocean, which has become the main fishing species for Chinese squid jigging fleets since 1993. Many authors have made the studies on th...Neon flying squid Ommastrephes batramii is widely distributed in the North Pacific Ocean, which has become the main fishing species for Chinese squid jigging fleets since 1993. Many authors have made the studies on the fields of fishing ground and its environment conditions. However, the squid catch per fishing vessel attained the highest level of about 550 t in 2004. In this paper, the catch and its distribution in 2004 would be compared with the previous year. Based on the catch data from Chinese squid jigging vessels and sea surface temperature with the format of 1 °latitude by 1 °longitude from May to November in 2004, the distribution maps were drawn by Marine explorer 4.0. The results show that the production in the east waters to 160°E was low during May and July. During October and November, the production in the waters from 150°E to 160°E was relatively higher, which occupied 62.5 percent of the total catch. During November, the production in the west waters to 150°E was also low. The highest CPUE area located in the west waters to 150°E, the next was the area from 150°E to 160°E and the lowest CPUE area located in the east waters to 160°E. The SST in the fishing ground seems to change seasonally. The suitable SST for each month is as follows： 12-14 ℃ in May, 15 ℃ - 16 ℃ in June, 14 ℃ - 16 ℃ in July, 18 ℃ - 19 ℃ in August, 16 ℃ -17 ℃ in September, 15 ℃- 16 ℃ in October and 12 ℃ - 13 ℃ in November. The result of K-S test shows that the above monthly suitable SST is considered as the indicator of looking for the main fishing ground.展开更多
This article aims at throwing some light on the spiritual world of Holden Caulfield,the protagonist of J. D Salinger’s novel The Catcher in the Rye . Holden is a teenager who is considered "mad"in the eyes ...This article aims at throwing some light on the spiritual world of Holden Caulfield,the protagonist of J. D Salinger’s novel The Catcher in the Rye . Holden is a teenager who is considered "mad"in the eyes of many,but who sees the world as full of"madman stuff". He is like a stray dog whose wish of being a"catcher in the rye"is nothing but a strong wish to be caught or cared by the indifferent people around him.展开更多
文摘Since the Reform and Opening-up policy had been implemented in 1978, China's Mainland has experienced significant economic growth, with GDP rising on an annual average of about 10%. However, this growth miracle was far from being evenly distributed across space. It is, therefore, the aim of this paper to study the evolution of spatial disparities in economic development across the country between 1993 and 2012, a period which is characterized by all provinces having access to international markets and being open for international investors. We seek to answer the question of whether Central and Western Chinese provinces were catching up with the East. We define ＇catching up＇ as a growing similarity among spatial units. Convergence processes might manifest in four dimensions, including （1） the spatial allocation of employment, value added generation and the fixed capital stock, （2） forms of technical change, （3） productivity patterns, and （4） income distribution. Results show that persistent phases of convergence appeared. However, in some cases the catching up of China＇s less developed parts with the flourishing East was limited to only a few Western and Central Chinese provinces. A high degree of path-dependency in economic development prevented catching up from taking place in a more uniform manner.
文摘Shanghai still hasa long way to gobefore it can reachthe level of HongKong’s financial clout Shanghai and Hong Kong. One is the Chinese mainland’s financial center and the other an international finan- cial hub. Both of the cities are Chinese and their
文摘The most fundamental change in the world economy over the past 40 years has been China, which is effectively catching up in a smart, normal, peaceful and rule-based way, said Jeffrey Sachs, Director of the Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University and senior United Nations advisor, during a keynote speech at an event co-hosted by the China General Chamber of Commerce-USA and the Standard Chartered Bank in New York City on May 2.
基金Interim results for the state social science foundation key project ＂Raising Macro Regulation Level and Maintain Fast and Steady Economic Growth＂ （approve No. 09＆ZD017） and ＂Funding Program for Academic Human Resources Development in Institutions of Higher Learning Under the Jurisdiction of Beijing Municipality＂ （approve No. 00491162340 142）.
文摘The BRICS （Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa） and other emerging economies have become a driving global force for the past twenty years. However, their growth patterns are obsolete, impeding the quality and competitiveness of their economic growth, while simultaneously threatening the sustainability of their economic convergence with developed nations. Transforming the domestic growth pattern-the solution to the middle-income trap-has therefore become a key priority for each of these economies. This paper presents a comparative analysis of how to transform the pattern of economic growth in BRICS and achieve sustainable economic convergence with a comparative analysis of the pattern of economic growth and problems among BRICS countries.
文摘Troponin is a thin filament-associated regulator of vertebrate striated muscle contraction. Troponin changes its structure upon Ca2+ binding to troponin C, one of the subunits of troponin, allowing myosin to interact with actin. We recently elucidated the molecular characteristics of the Japanese pearl oyster Pinctada fucata troponin C (Pifuc-TnC), revealing the possibilities that Pifuc-TnC and vertebrate muscle TnC play dissimilar roles in muscle contraction. Pifuc-TnC has four EF-hand motifs, but, unlike vertebrate TnC, only one (site IV) was predicted to bind Ca2+. To confirm the number of Ca2+-binding sites in Pifuc-TnC and whether Ca2+ binding induces a conformational change, we purified the full-length protein and a variant, Pifuc-TnC-E142Q (that has a mutation in the predicted Ca2+-binding site of site IV), following their expression in laboratory E. coli. Isothermal titration calorimetry demonstrated Ca2+ binding to Pifuc-TnC, whereas Pifuc-TnC-E142Q was unable to bind Ca2+, confirming that site IV is the only Ca2+-binding site in Pifuc-TnC. Pifuc-TnC eluted in a later fraction from a gel filtration column in the presence of Ca2+ compared with the condition when Ca2+ was absent. In contrast, the elution profiles of Pifuc-TnC-E142Q were equivalent in both the presence and absence of Ca2+, suggesting that Ca2+ binding to Pifuc-TnC induces a conformational change that delays its elution from the column. UV-absorption spectral analysis revealed that binding of Ca2+ to Pifuc-TnC caused an increase in absorption at a wavelength of approximately 250 nm, possibly because phenylalanine residues had been exposed on the surface of the molecule as a result of a conformational change. Differential scanning calorimetric analyses of Pifuc-TnC showed aggregation in the presence of Ca2+ in accordance with an increase of temperature, but no aggregation was seen in the absence of Ca2+. In combination, these findings suggest that Ca2+ binding to site IV induces a conformational change in Pifuc-TnC.
文摘WITH the world economic re- covery under way, Africa is work- ing to revive strong growth, aid- ed by booming cooperation with emerging economies that is boosting the continent＇s eco- nomic development. This growth is shown in the IMF figures,
文摘Neon flying squid Ommastrephes batramii is widely distributed in the North Pacific Ocean, which has become the main fishing species for Chinese squid jigging fleets since 1993. Many authors have made the studies on the fields of fishing ground and its environment conditions. However, the squid catch per fishing vessel attained the highest level of about 550 t in 2004. In this paper, the catch and its distribution in 2004 would be compared with the previous year. Based on the catch data from Chinese squid jigging vessels and sea surface temperature with the format of 1 °latitude by 1 °longitude from May to November in 2004, the distribution maps were drawn by Marine explorer 4.0. The results show that the production in the east waters to 160°E was low during May and July. During October and November, the production in the waters from 150°E to 160°E was relatively higher, which occupied 62.5 percent of the total catch. During November, the production in the west waters to 150°E was also low. The highest CPUE area located in the west waters to 150°E, the next was the area from 150°E to 160°E and the lowest CPUE area located in the east waters to 160°E. The SST in the fishing ground seems to change seasonally. The suitable SST for each month is as follows： 12-14 ℃ in May, 15 ℃ - 16 ℃ in June, 14 ℃ - 16 ℃ in July, 18 ℃ - 19 ℃ in August, 16 ℃ -17 ℃ in September, 15 ℃- 16 ℃ in October and 12 ℃ - 13 ℃ in November. The result of K-S test shows that the above monthly suitable SST is considered as the indicator of looking for the main fishing ground.
文摘This article aims at throwing some light on the spiritual world of Holden Caulfield,the protagonist of J. D Salinger’s novel The Catcher in the Rye . Holden is a teenager who is considered "mad"in the eyes of many,but who sees the world as full of"madman stuff". He is like a stray dog whose wish of being a"catcher in the rye"is nothing but a strong wish to be caught or cared by the indifferent people around him.
