Clinical outcomes of Angio Jet pharmacomechanical thrombectomy versus catheter-directed thrombolysis for the treatment of filter-related caval thrombosis

BACKGROUND The inferior vena cava filter is utilized worldwide to intercept thrombi and to reduce the risk of fatal pulmonary embolism(PE).However,filter-related thrombosis is a complication of filter implantation.Endovascular methods such as AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy(ART)and catheter-directed thrombolysis(CDT)can treat filter-related caval thrombosis,but the clinical outcomes of both treatment modalities have not been determined.AIM To compare the treatment outcomes of AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy vs catheter-directed thrombolysis in patients with filter-related caval thrombosis.METHODS In this single-center retrospective study,65 patients(34 males and 31 females;mean age:59.0±13.43 years)with intrafilter and inferior vena cava thrombosis were enrolled between January 2021 and August 2022.These patients were assigned to either the AngioJet group(n=44)or the CDT group(n=21).Clinical data and imaging information were collected.Evaluation measures included thrombus clearance rate,periprocedural complications,urokinase dosage,incidence of PE,limb circumference difference,length of stay,and filter removal rate.RESULTS Technical success rates were 100%in the AngioJet and CDT groups.In the AngioJet group,grade II and grade III thrombus clearance was achieved in 26(59.09%)and 14(31.82%)patients,respectively.In the CDT group,grade II and grade III thrombus clearance was accomplished in 11(52.38%)patients and 8(38.10%)patients,respectively(P>0.05).The peridiameter difference of the thigh was significantly reduced in patients from both groups after treatment(P<0.05).The median dosage of urokinase was 0.08(0.02,0.25)million U in the AngioJet group and 1.50(1.17,1.83)million U in the CDT group(P<0.05).Minor bleeding was shown in 4(19.05%)patients in the CDT group,and when it was compared with that in the AngioJet group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).No major bleeding occurred.Seven(15.91%)patients in the AngioJet group had hemoglobinuria and 1(4.76%)patient in the CDT group had bacteremia.There were 8(18.18%)patients with PE in the AngioJet group and 4(19.05%)patients in the CDT group before the intervention(P>0.05).Computed tomography angiopulmonography(CTA)showed that PE was resolved after the intervention.New PE occurred in 4(9.09%)patients in the AngioJet group and in 2(9.52%)patients in the CDT group after theintervention(P>0.05).These cases of PE were asymptomatic.The mean length of stay was longer in the CDT group(11.67±5.34 d)than in the AngioJet group(10.64±3.52 d)(P<0.05).The filter was successfully retrieved in the first phase in 10(47.62%)patients in the CDT group and in 15(34.09%)patients in the AngioJet group(P>0.05).Cumulative removal was accomplished in 17(80.95%)out of 21 patients in the CDT group and in 42(95.45%)out of 44 patients in the ART group(P>0.05).The median indwelling time for patients with successful retrieval was 16(13139)d in the CDT group and 59(12231)d in the ART group(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Compared with catheter-directed thrombolysis,AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy can achieve similar thrombus clearance effects,improve the filter retrieval rate,reduce the urokinase dosage and lower the risk of bleeding events in patients with filter-related caval thrombosis.

Outcomes of catheter-directed thrombolysis versus systemic thrombolysis in the treatment of pulmonary embolism: a metaanalysis

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of catheter-directed thrombolysis(CDT)versus systemic thrombolysis(ST)in the treatment of pulmonary embolism(PE).METHODS The Cochrane Library,PubMed,and Embase databases were searched to collect the literature on the comparison of the results of CDT and ST in the treatment of PE from the beginning of their records to May 2020,and meta-analysis was performed by STATA software(version 15.1).Using standardized data-collection forms,the authors screened the studies and independently extracted data,and assessed the quality of the studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies.Cohort studies that examined the following results were included in the current study:in-hospital mortality,all-cause bleeding rate,gastrointestinal bleeding rate,intracranial hemorrhage rate,the incidence of shock,and hospital length of stay.RESULTS A total of eight articles,with 13,242 participants,involving 3962 participants in the CDT group and 9280 participants in the ST group were included.CDT compared with ST in the treatment of PE can significantly affect in-hospital mortality rate[odds ratio(OR)=0.41,95%CI:0.30–0.56,P<0.05],all-cause bleeding rate(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.04–1.39,P=0.012),gastrointestinal bleeding rate(OR=1.43,95%CI:1.13–1.81,P=0.003),the incidence of shock(OR=0.46,95%CI:0.37–0.57,P<0.05),and hospital length of stay[standard mean difference(SMD)=0.16,95%CI:0.07–0.25,P<0.05].However,there was no significant effect on intracranial hemorrhage rate in patients with PE(OR=0.70,95%CI:0.47–1.03,P=0.070).CONCLUSIONS CDT is a viable alternative to ST in the treatment of PE,as it can significantly reduce in-hospital mortality rate,all-cause bleeding rate,gastrointestinal bleeding rate,and incidence of shock.However,CDT may prolong hospital length of stay to a certain extent.Further research is needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CDT and ST in the treatment of acute PE and other clinical outcomes.

Transhepatic catheter-directed thrombolysis for portal vein thrombosis after partial splenic embolization in combination with balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration of splenorenal shunt

A 66-year-old woman underwent partial splenic embolization （PSE） for hypersplenisrn with idiopathic portal hypertension （IPH）. One week later, contrast-enhanced CT revealed extensive portal vein thrombosis （PVT） and dilated portosystemic shunts. The PVT was not dissolved by the intravenous administration of urokinase. The right portal vein was canulated via the percutaneous transhepatic route under ultrasonic guidance and a 4 Fr. straight catheter was advanced into the portal vein through the thrombus. Transhepatic catheter-directed thrombolysis was performed to dissolve the PVT and a splenorenal shunt was concurrently occluded to increase portal blood flow, using balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration （BRTO） technique. Subsequent contrast-enhanced CT showed good patency of the portal vein and thrombosed splenorenal shunt. Transhepatic catheter-directed thrombolysis combined with BRTO is feasible and effective for PVT with portosystemic shunts.

Agitation thrombolysis combined with catheter-directed thrombolysis for the treatment of non-cirrhotic acute portal vein thrombosis

AIM To evaluate the safety and efficacy of agitation thrombolysis(AT) combined with catheter-directed thrombolysis(CDT) for the treatment of non-cirrhotic acute portal vein thrombosis(PVT). METHODS Nine patients with non-cirrhotic acute PVT who underwent AT combined with CDT were analyzed retrospectively. Portography was carried out via the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic(commonly known as TIP) or percutaneous transhepatic(commonly known as PT) route, followed by AT combined with CDT. Complications of the procedure, and the changes in clinical symptoms, hemodynamics of the portal vein and liver function were recorded. Follow-up was scheduled at1, 3 and 6 mo after treatment, and every 6 mo thereafter, or when the patients developed clinical symptoms related to PVT. Color Doppler ultrasound and contrast-enhanced computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging were performed during the follow-up period to determine the condition of the portal vein.RESULTS AT combined with CDT was successfully performed. The portal vein was reached via the TIP route in 6 patients, and via the PT route in 3 patients. All clinical symptoms were relieved or disappeared, with the exception of 1 patient who died of intestinal necrosis 9 d after treatment. Significant differences in the changes in portal vein hemodynamics were observed, including the maximum lumen occupancy of PVT, portal vein pressure and flow velocity between pre-and posttreatment(P < 0.05). During the follow-up period, recurrence was observed in 1 patient at 19 mo after the procedure, and the portal vein was patent in the remaining patients.CONCLUSION AT combined with CDT is a safe and effective method for the treatment of non-cirrhotic acute PVT.

Catheter-directed thrombolysis in inflammatory bowel diseases:Report of a case

In patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) the prevalence of thrombosis is 6.2%, the average incidence of thromboembolism (TE) is 3.6 times higher compared to normal population. The TE is a common extraintestinal complication of IBD, squarely associated with the IBD activity. The application of antico-agulant and thrombolytic therapy in severe IBD is an unresolved issue. Herein we report the first case in literature of an active IBD patient with an upper limb acute arterial occlusion and successful catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT). A 46-year-old male patient is reported who had Crohn's disease for 10 years. His right hand suddenly became cold and painful. Angiography proved acute occlusion of the brachial and radial artery. Vascular surgery intervention was not applicable. Endoscopy showed extended, severe inflammation of the colon. Despite the severe endoscopic findings, frequent bloody stools and moderate anaemia, CDT with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator was performed. The control angiography proved improvement, the radial artery pulse appeared. No bleeding complication was observed. This case supports that CDT-after careful estimation of the bleeding risk-can be effective and safe in patients with severe or life-threatening TE and active IBD.

Stenting of iliac vein obstruction following catheter-directed thrombolysis in lower extremity deep vein thrombosis

Background Catheter-directed thrombolysis （CDT） for deep venous thrombosis （DV-F） of the lower extremity has good effect, but whether iliac vein stent placement after thrombolytic therapy is still controversial. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of stent placement in the iliac vein following CDT in lower extremity DVT. Methods This was a single-canter, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial. After receiving CDT, the major branch of the distal iliac vein was completely patent in 155 patients with lower extremity DVT, and 74 of these patients with iliac vein residual stenosis of 〉50% were randomly divided into a control group （n=29） and a test group （n=45）. In the test group, stents were implanted in the iliac vein, whereas no stents were implanted in the control group. We evaluated the clinical indicators, including patency of the deep vein, C in CEAP classification, Venous Clinical Severity Score （VCSS）, and Chronic Venous Insufficiency Questionnaire （CIVIQ） Score. Results All patients had postoperative follow-up visits for a period of 6-24 months. Venography or color ultrasound was conducted in subjects. There was a significant difference between the patency rate at the last follow-up visit （87.5% vs. 29.6%） and the 1-year patency rate （86.0% vs. 54.8%） between the test and control groups. The change in the C in CEAP classification pre- and post-procedure was significantly different between the test and control groups （1.61±0.21 vs. 0.69±0.23）. In addition, at the last follow-up visit, VCSS and CIVIQ Score were both significantly different between the test and control groups （7.57±0.27 vs. 0.69±0.23; 22.67±3.01 vs. 39.34±6.66, respectively）. Conclusion The stenting of iliac vein obstruction following CDT in lower extremity DVT may increase the patency of the deep vein, and thus provides better efficacy and quality of life.

A hybrid technique： intra-arterial catheter-directed thrombolysis following the recanalization of superior mesenteric artery in acute mesenteric ischemia

Acute mesenteric ischemia is a deadly process withoverall mortality rate of 40%. Acute thrombosis of an atherosclerotic lesion with previous partial occlusion isone of the common causes. Peri-operative mortality ofsuperior mesenteric artery （SMA） thrombosis is higherbecause of the difficulty in diagnosis,

Safety and Efficacy of Low Dosage of Urokinase for Catheter-directed Thrombolysis of Deep Venous Thrombosis

Background： Catheter-directed thrombolysis （CDT） has been a mainstay in treating deep venous thrombosis （DVT）. However, the optimal dosage ofa thrombolytic agent is still controversial. The goal of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of low dosage urokinase with CDT for DVT. Methods： A retrospective analysis was perfornaed using data from a total of 427 patients with DVT treated with CDT in our single center between July 2009 and December 2012. Early efficacy of thrombolysis was assessed with a thrombus score based on daily venography. The therapeutic safety was evahmted by adverse events. A venography or duplex ultrasound was performed to assess the outcome at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years postoperatively. Results： The mean total dose of 3.34 （standard deviation [SD] 1.38） million units of urokinase was administered during a mean of 5.18 （SD 2.28） days. Prior to discharge, Grade Ⅲ （complete lysis） was achieved in 154 （36%） patients; Grade II （50-99% lysis） in 222 （52%）： and Grade I （50%~ lysis） in 51 （12%）. The major complications included one intracranial hemorrhage, one henaatochezia, five gross hematuria, and one pulmonary embolism. Moreover, no death occurred in the study. Conclusions： Treatment of low-dose catheter-directed thrombosis is an efficacious and safe therapeutic approach in patients with DVT offering good long-term outcomes and minimal complications.

Thrombolysis in Pulmonary Embolia at the Cardiology Department of Aristide le Dantec Cardiology Department

Introduction: Venous thromboembolic disease is the 3rd most common cardiovascular pathology. Acute pulmonary embolism constitutes its most serious presentation and a major cause of mortality, morbidity and hospitalization in Africa and Senegal. The objectives of this work were to study the epidemiological profile of pulmonary embolisms and to evaluate the practice of thrombolysis in patients in a cardiological setting. Methodology: A retrospective, descriptive study was carried out in the Cardiology department of the Aristide le Dantec Hospital (HALD) over the period from August 2011 to December 2019 in patients hospitalized in the cardiology department for pulmonary embolism confirmed by CT angiography and/or with thrombi on cardiac ultrasound and who had also benefited from thrombolysis. Results: Thirty-one patients with pulmonary embolism were thrombolyzed. There was a predominance of the female gender with an average age of 45.97 years. Risk factors were dominated by age (61.29%) followed by obesity (32.26%) and prolonged immobilization (22.5%). The functional signs were dominated by dyspnea (77.42%) followed by chest pain (51.62%) and cough (35.48%). The physical signs were dominated by right heart failure in 22.5% of cases, pulmonary condensation syndrome in 19.35%, and inflammatory large leg in 12.9% of cases. Echocardiography and chest CT angiography were the means of diagnosis. Nine of our patients presented with an intracardiac mass. Thrombotic treatment was administered in all patients. The average length of hospitalization was 12.32 days and in-hospital mortality was 32.26%. Conclusion: Pulmonary embolism does exist in our regions and is responsible for heavy mortality. Rapid and efficient support is essential. Prevention remains the corner-stone in the fight against this pathology.

Platelet-to-neutrophil ratio predicts hemorrhagic transformation and unfavorable outcomes in acute ischemic stroke with intravenous thrombolysis

BACKGROUND Acute ischemic stroke(AIS)retains a notable stance in global disease burden,with thrombolysis via recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(rtPA)serving as a viable management approach,albeit with variable outcomes and the potential for complications like hemorrhagic transformation(HT).The platelet-to-neutrophil ratio(P/NR)has been considered for its potential prognostic value in AIS,yet its capacity to predict outcomes following rtPA administration demands further exploration.AIM To elucidate the prognostic utility of P/NR in predicting HT and clinical outcomes following intravenous rtPA administration in AIS patients.METHODS Data from 418 AIS patients treated with intravenous rtPA at Thammasat University Hospital from January 2018 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The relationship between P/NR and clinical outcomes[early neurological deterioration(E-ND),HT,delayed ND(D-ND),and 3-mo outcomes]was scrutinized.RESULTS Notable variables,such as age,diabetes,and stroke history,exhibited statistical disparities when comparing patients with and without E-ND,HT,D-ND,and 3-mo outcomes.P/NR prognostication revealed an optimal cutoff of 43.4 with a 60.3%sensitivity and a 52.5%specificity for 90-d outcomes.P/NR prognostic accuracy was statistically significant for 90-d outcomes[area under the curve(AUC)=0.562],D-ND(AUC=0.584),and HT(AUC=0.607).CONCLUSION P/NR demonstrated an association with adverse 3-mo clinical outcomes,HT,and D-ND in AIS patients post-rtPA administration,indicating its potential as a predictive tool for complications and prognoses.This infers that a diminished P/NR may serve as a novel prognostic indicator,assisting clinicians in identifying AIS patients at elevated risk for unfavorable outcomes following rtPA therapy.

Evolving paradigm of thrombolysis in pulmonary embolism:Comprehensive review of clinical manifestations,indications,recent advances and guideline

Thrombolytic therapy has been the mainstay for patients with pulmonary embolism(PE).Despite being linked to a higher risk of significant bleeding,clinical trials demonstrate that thrombolytic therapy should be used in patients with moderate to high-risk PE,in addition to hemodynamic instability symptoms.This prevents the progression of right heart failure and impending hemodynamic collapse.Diagnosing PE can be challenging due to the variety of presentations;therefore,guidelines and scoring systems have been established to guide physicians to correctly identify and manage the condition.Traditionally,systemic thrombolysis has been utilized to lyse the emboli in PE.However,newer techniques for thrombolysis have been developed,such as endovascular ultrasound-assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis for massive and intermediatehigh submassive risk groups.Additional newer techniques explored are the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,direct aspiration,or fragmentation with aspiration.Because of the constantly changing therapeutic options and the scarcity of randomized controlled trials,choosing the best course of treatment for a given patient may be difficult.To help,the Pulmonary Embolism Reaction Team is a multidisciplinary,rapid response team that has been developed and is used at many institutions.Hence to bridge the knowledge gap,our review highlights various indications of thrombolysis in addition to the recent advances and management guidelines.

Successful treatment of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation complicated with left ventricular thrombus by intravenous thrombolysis:A case report

BACKGROUND Left ventricular thrombus is a rare condition,for which appropriate treatments are not extensively studied.Although it can be treated by thrombectomy,such surgery can be difficult and risky,and not every patient can tolerate the surgery.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a middle-aged man receiving veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(VA-ECMO)for acute myocardial infarction who developed left ventricular thrombus despite systemic anticoagulation.After systemic thrombolysis with urokinase,the left ventricular thrombus disappeared,ECMO was successfully withdrawn 9 days later,and the patient recovered and was discharged from hospital.CONCLUSION Systemic thrombolysis is a treatment option for left ventricular thrombus in addition to anticoagulation and thrombectomy.

阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗脑梗死患者的再闭塞影响因素及替罗非班治疗效果

目的探讨脑梗死患者阿替普酶静脉溶栓后再闭塞的影响因素及替罗非班的治疗效果。方法选取100例脑梗死患者作为研究对象,根据阿替普酶静脉溶栓后是否再闭塞分为闭塞组(n=42)和非闭塞组(n=58)。闭塞组给予替罗非班治疗。比较2组一般资料。采用Logistic回归模型分析脑梗死患者阿替普酶静脉溶栓后再闭塞的影响因素。观察闭塞组治疗总有效率、重组人组织型纤溶酶原激酶衍生物(rPA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1(PAI-1)水平以及美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评分。结果2组在2型糖尿病、血糖、收缩压、NIHSS评分、起病-溶栓时间方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,2型糖尿病、血糖、收缩压、NIHSS评分、起病-溶栓时间是脑梗死患者阿替普酶静脉溶栓后再闭塞的影响因素(P<0.05)。42例溶栓后再闭塞患者经替罗非班治疗后总有效率为88.10%(37/42)。治疗3、7 d,rPA高于治疗前,PAI-1低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗1、2、4周,MMSE评分高于治疗前,NIHSS评分低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论2型糖尿病、血糖、收缩压、NIHSS评分、起病-溶栓时间可对脑梗死患者阿替普酶静脉溶栓后再闭塞产生影响。再闭塞后予以替罗非班治疗的效果较为理想,有利于改善患者神经功能与rPA、PAI-1水平。

Efficacy of percutaneous mechanical thrombus removal in acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis

BACKGROUND Acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis(LEDVT)is a common vascular emergency with significant morbidity risks,including post-thrombotic syndrome(PTS)and pulmonary embolism.Traditional treatments like catheter-directed thrombolysis(CDT)often result in variable success rates and complications.AIM To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of percutaneous mechanical thrombus removal in acute LEDVT.METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed to examine 58 hospitalised patients with acute LEDVT between August 2019 and August 2022.The patients were categorised into the percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy(PMT)group(n=24)and CDT group(n=32).The follow-up,safety and treatment outcomes were compared between the two groups.The main observational indexes were venous patency score,thrombus removal effect,complications,hospitalisation duration and PTS.RESULTS The venous patency score was 9.04±1.40 in the PMT group and 8.81±1.60 in the CDT group,and the thrombus clearance rate was 100%in both groups.The complication rate was 8.33%in the PMT group and 34.84%in the CDT group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The average hospitalisation duration was 6.54±2.48 days in the PMT group and 8.14±3.56 days in the CDT group.The incidence of PTS was lower in the PMT group than in the CDT group;however,the difference was not statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Compared with CDT,treatment of LEDVT via PMT was associated with a better thrombus clearance rate,clinical therapeutic effect and PTS prevention function,but the difference was not statistically significant.Moreover,PMT was associated with a reduced urokinase dosage,shortened hospitalisation duration and reduced incidence of complications,such as infections and small haemorrhages.These results indicate that PMT has substantial beneficial effects in the treatment of LEDVT.

The Effect of the Early Application of Tirofiban on Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) after Intravenous Thrombolysis with Urokinase

Objective:Discussion and analysis of the effect of the early application of Tirofiban on acute ischemic stroke(AIS)after intravenous thrombolysis with urokinase.Method:The subjects of this study are 40 patients with AIS admitted at the Yibin Fourth People’s Hospital,of which were computer-randomized into a control group(20 cases,with regular urokinase intravenous thrombolysis therapy)and a research group(20 cases,combined with early Tirofiban treatment)from January 2018 to December 2022.The intervention outcomes between these two groups were compared and analyzed.Result:The blood platelet-related parameters before treatment had no statistical difference between the two groups(P>0.05),but the research group was higher than that of the control group after treatment(P<0.05).The Barthel index before treatment in both groups had no statistical difference(P>0.05),but the research group was higher than that of the control group after treatment(P<0.05).Conclusion:Early Tirofiban treatment for patients with AIS after intravenous thrombolysis with urokinase could effectively regulate the blood platelet-related parameters,hence improving treatment benefits and living capacity for patients,with definite clinical benefits.

小球囊预扩张治疗布加综合征合并混合性下腔静脉血栓一期和分期治疗方案的疗效和成本效益对比

目的:对比分析小球囊预扩张治疗布加综合征(BCS)合并混合性下腔静脉血栓(IVCT)一期和分期治疗方案的疗效和成本效益。方法:回顾性收集2011年1月至2020年12月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的BCS合并混合性IVCT、行小球囊预扩张治疗的患者116例,其中,一期治疗方案49例,分期治疗方案67例。对比分析两种治疗方案的血栓溶解率、技术成功率、住院时间、住院费用、医保补偿率。结果:两种治疗方案中位总住院时间(22.0 d vs 22.5 d,P=0.303)和医保补偿率(58.92%vs 55.75%,P=0.965)差异无统计学意义,而一期治疗方案血栓溶解率(100.0%vs 87.5%,P=0.012)、技术成功率(100.0%vs 62.7%,P=0.001)和中位人均住院费用(45676.51元vs 61283.21元,P<0.001)均优于分期治疗方案。结论:一期治疗方案具有更高的溶栓效率和技术成功率,以及更低的住院费用,应被临床优先选择。

急性脑梗死介入治疗联合静脉溶栓治疗的效果观察

目的 探究介入治疗联合静脉溶栓对急性脑梗死患者的治疗效果。方法 80例急性脑梗死患者,合理且随机划分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。对照组采取静脉溶栓治疗,观察组在对照组基础上采用介入治疗。比较两组患者神经功能缺损评分、血清学相关指标(神经生长因子、神经元特异性烯醇化酶、脑钠肽)、活化部分凝血活酶时间、凝血酶原时间、凝血酶时间、纤维蛋白原、并发症发生情况。结果 观察组患者治疗后1 d、7 d、2周神经功能缺损评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者神经生长因子、神经元特异性烯醇化酶、脑钠肽水平均下降,且观察组患者神经生长因子(95.31±9.65)ng/ml、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(10.26±1.37)μg/L、脑钠肽(157.43±13.25)ng/L均低于对照组的(116.38±10.46)ng/ml、(15.86±1.86)μg/L、(189.46±17.78)ng/L(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者活化部分凝血活酶时间(35.43±2.21)s、凝血酶原时间(13.26±1.53)s、凝血酶时间(17.46±2.24)s比对照组的(30.48±2.15)、(10.93±1.29)、(15.55±1.87)s更长,纤维蛋白原(2.44±0.43)g/L比对照组的(4.21±0.64)g/L更低(P<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率5.00%比对照组的25.00%更低(P<0.05)。结论 针对急性脑梗死患者,采取静脉溶栓联合介入治疗可有效改善患者神经功能及血清学状况,且可以有效改善活化部分凝血活酶时间等相关临床指标,减少相关并发症的发生,该治疗方案临床应用效果理想,预后效果良好,值得在临床广泛推广。

血清AQP联合CT脑灌注成像参数预测急性缺血性脑卒中短期预后的价值

目的 研究CT脑灌注成像参数联合血清水通道蛋白(AQP)对急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者溶栓后短期预后的预测价值。方法 选择2021年9月至2023年12月于江苏省常州市武进中医医院进行静脉溶栓治疗的AIS患者,溶栓前进行CT脑灌注成像并计算参数平均通过时间(MTT)和达峰时间(TTP),采集血清并检测AQP1、AQP4、AQP9水平。根据入院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分将患者分为轻度组(NIHSS评分≤4分)、中度组(NIHSS评分5~19分)、重度组(NIHSS评分20~25分);根据溶栓治疗后第90d的改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分分为预后良好组(mRS评分0~2分)、预后不良组(mRS评分3~5分)。比较各组MTT、TTP及血清AQP1、AQP4、AQP9的差异,采用logistic多因素回归分析预后不良的影响因素,采用ROC曲线分析各影响因素对预后不良的预测价值。结果 不同神经损伤程度AIS患者MTT、TTP及血清AQP1、AQP4、AQP9比较:轻度组<中度组<重度组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);预后不良组AIS患者的年龄、入院时NIHSS评分、病灶最大径、MTT、TTP、血清AQP1、AQP4、AQP9水平均高于预后良好组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);MTT、TTP、AQP1、AQP4、入院时NIHSS评分是AIS患者短期预后的影响因素(P<0.05);各影响因素对AIS患者短期预后具有预测价值,联合预测的灵敏度和特异度分别为84.31%和92.86%。结论 CT脑灌注成像参数MTT、TTP联合血清AQP1、AQP4对AIS患者溶栓后短期预后具有较好预测效能。

急性脑梗死静脉溶栓治疗短期预后不良预测模型的建立及验证

目的评估入院指标与急性脑梗死溶栓治疗患者短期临床预后的相关性,建立并验证预后不良的预测模型。方法回顾性分析2020-01—2023-12河南大学第一附属医院的165例急性脑梗死溶栓治疗患者的资料。根据溶栓90 d后改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分将患者分为预后良好组及预后不良组,并进行组间单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析,分析血清生物学标志物联合相关临床评估量表与急性脑梗死溶栓治疗患者预后的关系,建立预后预测模型并进行验证。结果共纳入165例患者,预后良好126例,预后不良39例。单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析显示,糖尿病史、高NIHSS评分及白细胞、中性粒细胞、D-二聚体升高是急性脑梗死溶栓治疗患者90 d预后不良的独立预测因子。ROC曲线分析表明,糖尿病史、NIHSS评分、白细胞、中性粒细胞、D-二聚体评估急性脑梗死患者90 d预后不良的曲线下面积(AUC)分别0.677、0.826、0.876、0.765、0.863,灵敏度分别为51.3%、82.1%、89.7%、79.5%、79.5%,特异度分别为84.1%、77.8%、77.8%、64.3%、86.5%。以上指标联合构建预后预测模型,该模型具有较好的区分度、临床可用性和校准度。结论结合独立预测因子建立的预后不良风险预测模型清晰简易,可在患者入院时准确预测患者预后,帮助临床早期选择合理干预措施,改善患者预后。

高水平空腹血糖与缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓后功能结局的关系分析

目的探讨空腹血糖与接受静脉溶栓的缺血性卒中患者功能结局的关系。方法回顾性收集2018年10月—2020年11月首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院静脉溶栓患者的病历资料。纳入发病4.5 h内接受阿替普酶静脉溶栓的缺血性卒中患者为研究对象,采集相关研究数据(包括空腹血糖等)。研究结局设定为出院时功能结局良好,即mRS评分0~1分。采用多因素logistic回归分析探讨空腹血糖与功能结局的关联性。结果共入组205例患者,平均年龄为(63.21±11.67)岁,其中153例(74.63%)患者为男性,入院NIHSS评分为5(3~9)分。其中117例(57.07%)患者出院时功能结局不良,88例(42.93%)患者出院时功能结局良好。功能结局良好的患者空腹血糖水平低于功能结局不良的患者[5.10(4.46~7.06)mmol/L vs.6.33(5.09~7.79)mmol/L,P=0.001]。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,校正年龄、性别、NIHSS评分后,空腹血糖水平与接受静脉溶栓功能结局相关(OR0.876,95%CI0.774~0.991,P=0.035);校正年龄、性别、NIHSS评分、桥接取栓后,关联性没有达到统计学意义(OR0.891,95%CI0.791~1.004,P=0.058)。结论对于接受静脉溶栓的缺血性卒中患者,高水平空腹血糖可能会增加静脉溶栓后出院功能结局不良风险。