This study describes the kinetics and thermodynamics of the esterification of acidified oil with methanol catalyzed by sulfonated cation exchange resins（SCER）. The effects of the mass ratio of methanol to acidified ...This study describes the kinetics and thermodynamics of the esterification of acidified oil with methanol catalyzed by sulfonated cation exchange resins（SCER）. The effects of the mass ratio of methanol to acidified oil,reaction temperature,and catalyst loading were studied to optimize the conditions for maximum conversion of free fatty acids（FFAs）. The results showed that the optimal conversion rate of FFAs was 91.87% at the mass ratio of methanol to acidified oil of 2.5：1.0,reaction temperature of 65.0 °C,catalyst loading of 5.0 g and reaction time of 8.0 h. The external and internal mass transfer resistances were negligible based on the experimental results and a pseudo-homogeneous kinetic model was proposed for the esterification. The activation energy and thermodynamic parameters including G,S and H were determined. The conversion rates of FFAs obtained from the established model were in good agreement with the experimental data.展开更多
EVAL hollow fiber membrane adsorbents filled with powder D061-type cation exchange resin were prepared through dry-wet spinning process,using hydrophilic copolymer EVAL as the fiber substrate.The microstructures of th...EVAL hollow fiber membrane adsorbents filled with powder D061-type cation exchange resin were prepared through dry-wet spinning process,using hydrophilic copolymer EVAL as the fiber substrate.The microstructures of the membrane adsorbents were observed,and the pure water fluxes,BSA rejection,and static adsorption capacities of membrane adsorbents for BSA were measured.The effect of the resin-filled content on membrane performance has been discussed.The results showed that EVAL hollow fiber membrane adsorbents filled with D061-type cation exchange resins had good adsorption capacity,and the adsorption capacity increased with the quantity of the resin-filled content.The static protein adsorption capacity was 77.14 mg BSA/g membrane adsorbents when D061 resin loading content was 65%at pH 4.5.展开更多
2-Acryloxyacetophenone （AAP） was prepared and subjected to suspension polymerization with methyl methacrylate （MMA） using azobisisobutyronitrile （AIBN） as free radical initiator. The differently sulfonated AAP-M...2-Acryloxyacetophenone （AAP） was prepared and subjected to suspension polymerization with methyl methacrylate （MMA） using azobisisobutyronitrile （AIBN） as free radical initiator. The differently sulfonated AAP-MMA cross-linked copolymer cationic exchange resins were prepared by sulfonation with concentrated sulphuric acid at 70 ~C. Several characteristics of the prepared resins were evaluated, i.e. FTIR, the ion-exchange capacity （IEC）, thermo gravimetric analysis （TGA）, particle size distribution and microscopic morphology. The resin characteristics were altered with degree of sulfonation, providing that differently sulfonated resins could be prepared. The behavior of atenolol （ATL） loading and in vitro release in the USP stimulated gastric and intestinal fluids of the obtained resins were evaluated. The drug loaded in the resin increased with increasing degree of sulfonation and hence the drug binding site in resin employed. The drug release was lower from the resins with higher content of sulfonic group due to the increase in the diffusive path depth. The drug release was a little lower in stimulated gastric fluid （SGF） than in stimulated intestinal fluids （SIF）. The basic groups, ionized to a little greater extent in SGF and preferred binding with the resin rather than releasing. Hence, the differently sulfonated resins could be utilized as novel carriers for drug delivery.展开更多
基金support from the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant no.ZR2013BL010)the Research Excellence Award of Shandong University of Technology and the Zibo Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant no.2013GG04110)
文摘This study describes the kinetics and thermodynamics of the esterification of acidified oil with methanol catalyzed by sulfonated cation exchange resins（SCER）. The effects of the mass ratio of methanol to acidified oil,reaction temperature,and catalyst loading were studied to optimize the conditions for maximum conversion of free fatty acids（FFAs）. The results showed that the optimal conversion rate of FFAs was 91.87% at the mass ratio of methanol to acidified oil of 2.5：1.0,reaction temperature of 65.0 °C,catalyst loading of 5.0 g and reaction time of 8.0 h. The external and internal mass transfer resistances were negligible based on the experimental results and a pseudo-homogeneous kinetic model was proposed for the esterification. The activation energy and thermodynamic parameters including G,S and H were determined. The conversion rates of FFAs obtained from the established model were in good agreement with the experimental data.
基金sponsored by the project of Key Nature Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.043803911)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50473025)Open project of State Key Lab of Heavy Oil(University of petroleum(East China)No.2008-10).
文摘EVAL hollow fiber membrane adsorbents filled with powder D061-type cation exchange resin were prepared through dry-wet spinning process,using hydrophilic copolymer EVAL as the fiber substrate.The microstructures of the membrane adsorbents were observed,and the pure water fluxes,BSA rejection,and static adsorption capacities of membrane adsorbents for BSA were measured.The effect of the resin-filled content on membrane performance has been discussed.The results showed that EVAL hollow fiber membrane adsorbents filled with D061-type cation exchange resins had good adsorption capacity,and the adsorption capacity increased with the quantity of the resin-filled content.The static protein adsorption capacity was 77.14 mg BSA/g membrane adsorbents when D061 resin loading content was 65%at pH 4.5.
基金The University Grants Commission,New Delhi for its funding of this workIndian Institute of Science,Bangalore for its instrumental support+2 种基金Department of Physics,Sri Venkateswara University,Tirupathi,for its assistance in the SEM studyUGC,New Delhi for its support under SAPDST,New Delhi for its support under FIST
文摘2-Acryloxyacetophenone （AAP） was prepared and subjected to suspension polymerization with methyl methacrylate （MMA） using azobisisobutyronitrile （AIBN） as free radical initiator. The differently sulfonated AAP-MMA cross-linked copolymer cationic exchange resins were prepared by sulfonation with concentrated sulphuric acid at 70 ~C. Several characteristics of the prepared resins were evaluated, i.e. FTIR, the ion-exchange capacity （IEC）, thermo gravimetric analysis （TGA）, particle size distribution and microscopic morphology. The resin characteristics were altered with degree of sulfonation, providing that differently sulfonated resins could be prepared. The behavior of atenolol （ATL） loading and in vitro release in the USP stimulated gastric and intestinal fluids of the obtained resins were evaluated. The drug loaded in the resin increased with increasing degree of sulfonation and hence the drug binding site in resin employed. The drug release was lower from the resins with higher content of sulfonic group due to the increase in the diffusive path depth. The drug release was a little lower in stimulated gastric fluid （SGF） than in stimulated intestinal fluids （SIF）. The basic groups, ionized to a little greater extent in SGF and preferred binding with the resin rather than releasing. Hence, the differently sulfonated resins could be utilized as novel carriers for drug delivery.
