Clinical characteristics of acute non-varicose upper gastrointestinal bleeding and the effect of endoscopic hemostasis

BACKGROUND Acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding(ANVUGIB)constitutes a prevalent emergency within Gastroenterology,encompassing 80%-90%of all gastrointestinal hemorrhage incidents.This condition is distinguished by its abrupt onset,swift progression,and notably elevated mortality rate.AIM To gather clinical data from patients with ANVUGIB at our hospital in order to elucidate the clinical characteristics specific to our institution and analyze the therapeutic effectiveness of endoscopic hemostasis.METHODS We retrospectively retrieved the records of 532 patients diagnosed with ANVUGIB by endoscopy at our hospital between March 2021 and March 2023,utilizing our medical record system.Data pertaining to general patient information,etiological factors,disease outcomes,and other relevant variables were meticulously collected and analyzed.RESULTS Among the 532 patients diagnosed with ANVUGIB,the male-to-female ratio was 2.91:1,with a higher prevalence among males.Notably,43.6%of patients presented with black stool as their primary complaint,while 27.4%had hematemesis as their initial symptom.Upon admission,17%of patients exhibited both hematemesis and black stool,while most ANVUGIB patients primarily complained of overt gastrointestinal bleeding.Urgent routine blood examinations at admission revealed that 75.8%of patients had anemia,with 63.4%experiencing moderate to severe anemia,and 1.5%having extremely severe anemia(hemoglobin<30 g/L).With regard to etiology,53.2%of patients experienced bleeding without a definitive trigger,24.2%had a history of using gastric mucosa-irritating medications,24.2%developed bleeding after alcohol consumption,2.8%attributed it to improper diet,1.7%to emotional excitement,and 2.3%to fatigue preceding the bleeding episode.Drug-induced ANVUGIB was more prevalent in the elderly than middle-aged and young individuals,while bleeding due to alcohol consumption showed the opposite trend.Additionally,diet-related bleeding was more common among the young age group compared to the middle-aged group.Gastrointestinal endoscopy identified peptic ulcers as the most frequent cause of ANVUGIB(73.3%),followed by gastrointestinal malignancies(10.9%),acute gastric mucous lesions(9.8%),and androgenic upper gastrointestinal bleeding(1.5%)among inpatients with ANVUGIB.Of the 532 patients with gastrointestinal bleeding,68 underwent endoscopic hemostasis,resulting in an endoscopic treatment rate of 12.8%,with a high immediate hemostasis success rate of 94.1%.

Occurrence of Rice Dry Straight Head Disease and Its Control

[Objective] Cause of disease and control measures of rice dry straight head disease in Chuzhou area was discussed. [Method] Field investigation and comprehensive analysis of the literature were conducted to study the reason of dry straight head disease in Chuzhou area, some common control measures were summarized. [Result] The characteristic of main symptoms included incidence of single plant, incidence of cluster, inclusive incidence between clusters. Sporadic normal rice grains existed in diseased spikes under the incidence of grains. The main pathogenic factors of dry straight head disease were concentration of arsenic or lack of elements, belonging to physiological disease, while the effect of other pathogenic factors could not be excluded. Heavy application of organic fertilizer and crop rotation should be conducted, white soil field should be paid more attention about the changes of disease condition with more wet and dry roasting over fields. Application time of micro fertilizer should be chosen properly, while tillering final stage and pollen formation stage must be adjusted to avoid high temperature, irrigation management should also be improved. [Conclusion] The study could provide reference for preventing rice dry straight head disease.

Research on the aetiology and treatment of premature ovarian insufficiency

Premature ovarian insufficiency,as a complex gynaecological disease,seriously threatens the physical and mental health of women of childbearing age.The main reasons for its pathogenesis are summarized.As a complex gynaecological disease,premature ovarian insufficiency seriously threatens the physical and mental health of women of childbearing age.The causes of the disease mainly include genetic defects,autoimmune disorders,radiotherapy and chemotherapy,infection,surgery,adverse environmental exposures and other factors.In more than half of cases,the cause remains unclear.In the clinic,hormone replacement therapy is used mainly to relieve the symptoms of oestrogen deficiency.This article reviews the research progress on the causes and treatment of premature ovarian insufficiency in recent years.