On the Range of Action of Adult Culex pipiens s.l.

Mosquitoes are an interesting topic due to their medical importance, as they play an active role in the transmission of many pathogens and parasites, acting as vectors for various pathologies that are deadly to humans, such as dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, West Nile virus, encephalitis and malaria, among many others that are less common. In terms of morbidity and mortality caused by vector-borne diseases, mosquitoes are the most dangerous animals for humanity and, although they also play a role in the ecosystem as a food source for other organisms, their importance for public health cannot be overlooked. As highly efficient vectors, they put more than three billion people at risk, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions as well as in Europe, since heat waves and flooding are becoming more frequent and severe, and summers are getting longer and warmer, accelerating mosquito development, biting rates, and the incubation of the pathogens within their bodies. Female mosquitoes bite to acquire proteins for the development of their ovaries and eggs and, in the process, acquire pathogens and/or parasites from one vertebrate host and transmit them to another, usually after a short period of replication. Three of their four life stages are lived in still freshwater, so it is crucial to understand their range of action when they reach adulthood and leave the water, in order to plan and implement local prevention measures. A set of georeferenced abundance data collected in mainland Portugal over seven years was linked to cartographed water bodies in a geographic information system to estimate the distances at which Culex pipiens s.l. had a significant presence, with criteria based on the size of the catches. The result allows for an estimate of the fly range of those mosquitoes, which can be used to focus countermeasures.

藜科植物S.L多糖抗病毒作用机理初步研究

对从藜科植物中提取的、具有诱导抗病毒作用的S.L多糖的作用机理做了初步的研究。首先将S.L多糖抽提液喷施烟草,探究S.L多糖诱导烟草对烟草花叶病毒(TMV)产生抗性的最佳时间。结果表明,用S.L多糖诱导植株产生的抗性在5 d左右达到最大,5 d之后抗病性随着时间的推移而减弱。在接种病毒前用S.L多糖对烟草幼苗进行喷施,然后于接种当天及接种后不同时间对各处理的同位等量叶片测定在总蛋白含量、过氧化物酶活性及同工酶图谱上的差异。研究发现,各处理的总蛋白含量均有所增加,且高于对照,并都于接种后的第9 d达到最大值。各处理的过氧化物酶活性在接种病毒初期均高于对照,但5 d后对照的酶活性超过处理,高峰较处理提前到来,且峰值略大于处理。在同工酶谱上,病毒接种后5 d,处理的酶带比对照浓且多了1条。5 d之后,二者的酶谱变得基本相同。到接种后10 d测定,结果相反,对照比处理的酶带浓。

S.L.安德森风景园林设计哲学及艺术表现手法探析

S.L.安德森是目前在世界范围内享有盛誉的少数丹麦风景园林师之一,其设计作品因具有新颖独特、温馨浪漫、地域鲜明、人文情怀等特点而备受人们喜爱。通过对其设计哲学和艺术表现手法的探讨,有助于人们理解他的作品。其设计哲学可以概括为运用人本理念促进社会和谐,运用乡土元素促进文化传承,运用艺术创新促进景观发展,运用可持续原则促进品质提升;而表现手法则可以概括为简洁的设计形式、多样的功能空间、丰富的感观体验和精致的细部处理。

Molecular phylogeny of Solms-laubachia(Brassicaceae) s.l.,based on multiple nuclear and plastid DNA sequences,and its biogeographic implications

The Hengduan Mountains region of south-west China is a noted biodiversity,hotspot, but the geographic origins and historical assembly of its rich endemic flora, including the sky-island species ofSolms-laubachia Muschl. （Brassicaceae）, have been little studied. Previous molecular studies on the phylogeny of Solms-laubachia showed it to be paraphyletic, leading to considerable expansion not only of its taxonomic limits, but also its geographic range, with the inclusion of taxa from outside the Hengduan region. However, these studies provided little resolution of interspecific relationships, preventing inferences about historical biogeography within the clade. In the present study, new sequence data from two nuclear genes （LEAFY and G3pdh） and two chloroplast intergenic spacers （petN-psbM and psbM-trnD） were combined with existing markers to increase phylogenetic signals. Phaeonychium villosum （Maxim.） Al-Shehbaz was found to be nested within Solms-laubachia s.l. In general, phylogenetic relationships appear to be a good predictor of geography, with the Hengduan Mountain endemics embedded in a paraphyletic grade of species from the western Himalayas and central Asia, but they also imply morphological homoplasy, lncongruence was detected between the nuclear and chloroplast gene trees, perhaps resulting from incomplete lineage sorting of ancestral polymorphisms. The crown age ofSolms-laubachia s.l. was estimated to be approximately 1.42-3.68 mya, using Bayesian relaxed molecular clock analysis. Historical biogeographic analysis using a parametric dispersalextinction-cladogenesis model inferred central Asia and the western Himalayas as most probable ancestral range of Solms-laubachia s.l., and estimated higher rates of eastward expansion than westward during the diversification of descendant lineages. In summary, our results suggest that Solms-laubachia s.l. originated during the Pliocene in central Asia, and subsequently migrated eastward into the Hengduan Mountains, colonizing sky-island, alpine scree-slope habitats that may have provided novel ecological opportunity and accelerated speciation, ultimately establishing this region as the present center of diversity of the genus.

Molecular phylogeny of the genus Corchorus(Grewioideae,Malvaceae s.l.) based on nuclear rDNA ITS sequences

A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus Corchorus(Grewioideae,Malvaceae s.l.)is presented,based on sequences of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer(ITS)region for 144 accessions representing 47 species.Several other genera from the subfamily Grewioideae,namely Pseudocorchorus,Triumfetta,Sparrmannia,Entelea,and Grewia,were included as outgroups.The monophyly of the genus was well supported by all phylogenetic analyses(maximum likelihood,Bayesian approaches,and parsimony),and Corchorus was divided into four major clades.The majority of African species formed a statistically highly supported and distinct clade separated from the other pantropically distributed species.Several endemic species from Australia,New Caledonia,and tropical America were nested within this distinct clade,indicating dispersal from Africa to the rest of the pantropics.Based on the taxa included in this study,the two cultivated species(C.olitorius and C.capsularis)shared a common ancestry with wild species of C.africanus,C.brevicornatus,C.pseudocapsularis,C.pseudo-olitorius,C.urticifolius,C.pilosus,C.orinocensis,and C.cunninghamii.Pseudocorchorus,previously considered an accepted genus,was nested within the genus Corchorus and shared a common ancestry especially with C.depressus and C.siliquosus.Based on morphological and anatomical similarity as well as the results of the present molecular findings,inclusion of the six Pseudocorchorus species into Corchorus is proposed,with Pseudocorchorus as a synonym of Corchorus.Of the included outgroup taxa,Triumfetta is the closest sister to Corchorus,while the common ancestor of Corchorus/Pseudocorchorus,Triumfetta,Sparrmannia,and Entelea is Grewia.A further phylogenetic study with more taxa mainly from Australia,together with additional molecular markers and morphological investigation,would help to test the hypothesis on the biogeography and growth form evolution of the genus Corchorus.

Climatic and Physiographic Variables to Evaluate Culex pipiens s.l. Risk and Habitat

Using a geographic information system (GIS), the relations between a georeferenced data set of Culex pipiens s.l. collected in Portugal mainland during seven years (2006-2012) and meteorological and physiographic parameters are evaluated. This work is one of the results of a long-term surveillance program of pernicious insects that act as vectors of various diseases;its focus is on the possibility of prevention that can be achieved with abundance data. The focus on Culex pipiens is justified by its abundance and its competence as a vector for numerous health issues. The cumulative distribution of monthly captures by each meteorological parameter allows to compute thresholds corresponding to mosquito massive presence related to 90% of the captures. Using the weather parameters measured in the network of weather stations across the country, a monthly average of each parameter of interest (temperature, humidity, etc.) is computed and an interpolation of the results is made to produce raster maps corresponding to each month. The previously obtained thresholds are applied to each map, producing spatial masks with the relevant zones for each parameter. The intersection of the various masks for each month shows the most densely populated area of Culex, and the ensemble allows us to observe the evolution of mosquito presence through the critical season, which is from May to October at these latitudes. In parallel, mosquito abundance data are related to physiographic parameters. The relative distribution of female mosquitoes across land cover types in each month allows identifying which classes and seasons are most relevant. Orthometric altitude related to the presence of 90% of the catches shows the limits reached by mosquitoes in each month. The results are applied to the previously obtained climate envelopes, delimiting critical areas where the level of risk of transmission of the pathogens for which Culex pipiens is a competent vector is high and countermeasures should be concentrated, allowing its planning, and targeting on a monthly basis. The described procedure can be used with other relevant vectors in any region of the world, whenever abundance data is available.

Efficacy of the Microbial Larvicide VectoMax^®G against <i>Anopheles gambiae</i>s.l. and <i>Culex</i>spp. Larvae under Laboratory and Open Field Trial Experiments in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon

Background: With the rapid expansion of insecticide resistance limiting the effectiveness of insecticide-based vector control interventions, integrated control strategies associating larviciding could be appropriate to improve current control efforts. The present experimental study assesses laboratory and field efficacy of the larvicide VectoMax®G on Anopheline and Culicine larval stages in Yaoundé. Methods: The effect of the larvicide VectoMax®G, a combination of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) and Bacillus sphaericus (Bs), on larval development was assessed during both laboratory and open field trial experiments. Laboratory experiments permitted the evaluation of five different concentrations with four replicates/experiments. Laboratory experiments were conducted with Anopheles coluzzii “Ngousso” and Culex quinquefasciatus laboratory strains. Open field trials were conducted using sixteen plastic containers with a diameter of 0.31 m buried in an array of four rows with 4 containers each. Distance between rows and between containers in a row was 1 meter. This experiment permitted to test the effect of the microbial larvicide VectoMax®G under operational application conditions on field mosquito populations. Results: The time to induce 100% mortality after exposure to serial concentrations of the larvicide varied according to the dose from 4 - 12 hours for An. coluzzii and 6 - 9 hours for Cx. quinquefasciatus in laboratory experiments. Measurements of the residual activity indicated that all VectoMax®G concentrations were still active after 35 days and killed 86% - 100% of larvae. Lethal dose of VectoMax®G killing 50% of larvae was estimated at 5.24 × 10-8 mg/m2 for An. coluzzii and 1.25 × 10-8 mg/m2 for Cx. quinquefasciatus. The lethal concentration inducing 95% mortality was estimated at 3.13 × 10-7 mg/m2 for An. coluzzii and 2.5 × 10-8 mg/m2 for Cx. quinquefasciatus. Open field trials tests indicated that sub-lethal concentrations of VectoMax®G successfully killed 100% An. gambiae s.l. larvae within 24 hours, while with Culex spp. larvae, 100% mortality was recorded after 48 hours post-treatment. Natural recolonization of water containers by larvae was recorded between 3 and 6 days respectively after the treatment with sublethal doses. Late instar larvae were recorded 5 and 6 days after treatment. When the jars were treated with reference dosage or supra doses of VectoMax®G, recolonization of water containers was observed six days after treatments. No pupae of both species were found 6 and 7 days post-treatment. Conclusions: The study indicated high efficacy of the microbial larvicide VectoMax®G against Anopheline and Culex larvae. Microbial larvicides such as VectoMax®G could be appropriate for controlling mosquito population particularly in areas experiencing high insecticide resistance or outdoor biting mosquitoes.

面向L5/S1微创椎间盘射频消融术的多约束最优穿刺路径规划算法

目的为有效减少L5/S1微创椎间盘射频消融术中因医师操作熟练度差异导致的治疗效果波动,实现对消融针穿刺路径风险的精确量化评估。方法基于自主研发的深度神经网络DWT-UNet,将L5/S1节段的MR图像精准分割为7个关键结构:L5椎骨,S1椎骨,髂骨,L5/S1节段的椎间盘、神经根、硬脊膜和皮肤。基于上述分割结果,3D建模穿刺路径的规划环境。针对穿刺的临床准则提出了6个硬性约束和6个软性约束,将医师经验通过层次分析算法量化为权重添加到穿刺路径风险函数中以提升对个例的适应性。通过提出的皮肤进针点采样子算法、Kambin三角投影面积子算法,结合层次分析算法,并运用光线追踪、CPU多线程处理和GPU并行计算等多种技术,计算出一条既符合临床硬性约束条件,又能使软性约束条件综合达到最优的穿刺路径。结果医师团队对算法规划的21例消融针穿刺路径进行主观评估,结果显示所有路径均满足临床基本要求(及格率100%),且95.24%的路径被评为优秀或良好。在与医师规划结果的对比中,算法在D_(Ilium)、D_(S1)和Depth等3个指标上有不同程度的下降(P<0.05),在D_(Dura)、D_(L5)、D_(N5)和A_(Kambin)等4个指标上有较大提升(P<0.05)。算法规划21例的平均时间为7.97±3.73 s,而医师传统规划普遍需耗时10 min以上。结论本研究提出的多约束最优穿刺路径规划算法为L5/S1节段的微创椎间盘射频消融术提供了一种一站式的解决方案。经过严谨的临床评价和实验验证,该算法显示出独特的优势和广阔的临床应用潜力。

基于外部气相沉积的S+C+L波段低色散斜率大有效面积非零色散位移光纤的设计与制备

针对现有光纤无法满足宽带光密集波分复用系统传输和S+C+L波段粗波分复用的要求,设计了一种具有中心凹陷的三角形芯+环形的折射率剖面,利用外部气相沉积工艺制备了一种非零色散位移光纤,并通过调整第一芯层的相对折射率和第二芯层与第一芯层的半径比,探究了其对光纤衰减、色散斜率和有效面积等参数的影响。研究发现,当第一芯层的相对折射率逐渐增大且第二芯层与第一芯层半径比逐渐减小时,零色散波长和有效面积逐渐减小。当第一芯层的相对折射率在0.52%~0.53%,芯层半径比在2.6~2.7时,光纤的有效面积接近70μm^(2),零色散波长在1420 nm附近,在1550 nm波段的色散系数大于8 ps·nm^(-1)·km^(-1),色散斜率为0.059 ps·nm^(-2)·km^(-1),可以较好地抑制传输过程中光非线性效应,满足长途干线网与城域网的使用要求。

大蒜辣素在大鼠体内转化产物S-烯丙基巯基-L-半胱氨酸的鉴别

目的鉴别大鼠给药后大蒜辣素体内转化产物S-烯丙基巯基-L-半胱氨酸,探讨血浆和皮肤组织中S-烯丙基巯基-L-半胱氨酸的变化情况。方法取SD大鼠,雌雄各半,体重(200±20)g,随机分为8组,分别为空白组及给药后不同时间组,每组每个时间点采用6只大鼠,涂抹大蒜软膏于大鼠背部,分别于0、5、10、15、20、25、30、60 min依次取血液和皮肤组织,UPLC-MS/MS鉴定血液和皮肤组织中大蒜辣素的转化产物S-烯丙基巯基-L-半胱氨酸及变化情况。结果大蒜辣素与半胱氨酸反应产生S-烯丙基巯基-L-半胱氨酸,30 min即可反应90%以上。血浆中转化产物S-烯丙基巯基-L-半胱氨酸在4 h内稳定。UPLC-MS/MS鉴定并确定了皮肤组织和血浆样品大蒜辣素与内源性半胱氨酸的反应产物S-烯丙基巯基-L-半胱氨酸,给予大蒜软膏30 min内血浆和皮肤中S-烯丙基巯基-L-半胱氨酸的浓度逐步增大,60 min时含量降低。结论大蒜辣素可与血浆和组织中的内源性半胱氨酸快速反应,本研究将为大蒜辣素的后续研究提供重要依据。

Unveiling DNA methylation in Alzheimer’s disease:a review of array-based human brain studies

The intricacies of Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis are being increasingly illuminated by the exploration of epigenetic mechanisms,particularly DNA methylation.This review comprehensively surveys recent human-centered studies that investigate whole genome DNA methylation in Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology.The examination of various brain regions reveals distinctive DNA methylation patterns that associate with the Braak stage and Alzheimer’s disease progression.The entorhinal cortex emerges as a focal point due to its early histological alterations and subsequent impact on downstream regions like the hippocampus.Notably,ANK1 hypermethylation,a protein implicated in neurofibrillary tangle formation,was recurrently identified in the entorhinal cortex.Further,the middle temporal gyrus and prefrontal cortex were shown to exhibit significant hypermethylation of genes like HOXA3,RHBDF2,and MCF2L,potentially influencing neuroinflammatory processes.The complex role of BIN1 in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease is underscored by its association with altered methylation patterns.Despite the disparities across studies,these findings highlight the intricate interplay between epigenetic modifications and Alzheimer’s disease pathology.Future research efforts should address methodological variations,incorporate diverse cohorts,and consider environmental factors to unravel the nuanced epigenetic landscape underlying Alzheimer’s disease progression.

基于BiLSTM-Attention的F_(10.7)指数预测模型与中国自主数据集的应用

F_(10.7)指数是太阳活动的重要指标,准确预测F_(10.7)指数有助于预防和缓解太阳活动对无线电通信、导航和卫星通信等领域的影响.基于F_(10.7)射电流量的特性,在双向长短时记忆网络(Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Network,BiLSTM)基础上融入注意力机制(Attention),提出了一种基于BiLSTM-Attention的F_(10.7)预报模型.在加拿大DRAO数据集上其平均绝对误差(MAE)为5.38,平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)控制在5%以内,相关系数(R)高达0.987,与其他RNN模型相比拥有优越的预测性能.针对中国廊坊L&S望远镜观测的F_(10.7)数据集,提出了一种转换平均校准(Conversion Average Calibration,CAC)方法进行数据预处理,处理后的数据与DRAO数据集具有较高的相关性.基于该数据集对比分析了RNN系列模型的预报效果,实验结果表明,BiLSTM-Attention和BiLSTM两种模型在预测F_(10.7)指数方面具有较好的优势,表现出较好的预测性能和稳定性.

基于理性扩展热力学的L-S热声弹性理论框架

本文基于连续介质力学和理性扩展热力学分析流程,将L-S(Lord and Shulman)热弹性理论与声弹性理论相结合,建立L-S热声弹性理论的基本框架,包括运动学、力学与热力学、本构方程与演化方程、基本场方程四部分。在运动学部分,区分了Lagrange描述和Euler描述,以及3种不同的状态和构形,同时针对热声弹性情况定义了两类从自然状态到初始状态的转变过程;在力学与热力学部分,给出了质量守恒定律、动量守恒定律、角动量守恒定律、能量守恒定律以及熵产不等式,从而引出经典不可逆热力学的局限性;在本构方程与演化方程部分,介绍了扩展不可逆热力学原理,并基于理性扩展热力学流程,推导了从自然状态到初始状态、从初始状态到最终状态的热声弹性本构方程与演化方程,将热流作为本构自变量并考虑了热流与应变和温度的相关性;在最后一部分给出了基本场方程的运动方程形式和适用于数值模拟的一阶速度-应力-热流-温度微分方程。

基于S-L2UWE变换和SA-ConvNeXt的永磁同步直线电机导轨故障诊断

提出了一种基于SL(S-L2UWE)变换和SA-ConvNeXt模型相结合的故障诊断方法,以解决永磁同步直线电机导轨磨损、滚珠磨损和滚珠缺失等多类型故障精准识别诊断的问题。首先对采集的振动信号进行S变换处理,将一维时域信号转化成二维时频图像;利用L2UWE算法对S变换后的图像进行增强,实现故障时频图像颜色和形状的细节特征增强显示;将自注意力模块(self-attention,SA)引入到ConvNeXt模型中,从特征通道层面上统计图像的全局信息,使网络关注重点特征,提高模型分类精度。最终,基于SL变换和SA-ConvNeXt深度学习模型对于直线导轨故障的识别准确率高达93.8%,能准确识别导轨和滚珠磨损、缺失等故障。对比试验和鲁棒性试验,验证了本文所提方法的有效性和优越性。

Prognostic significance and relationship of SMAD3 phosphoisoforms and VEGFR-1 in gastric cancer:A clinicopathological study

BACKGROUND The TGF-β/SMAD3 and VEGFR-1 signaling pathways play important roles in gastric cancer metastasis.SMAD3 phosphorylation is a crucial prognostic marker in gastric cancer.AIM To determine the prognostic value and relationship of SMAD3 phospho-isoforms and VEGFR-1 in gastric cancer.METHODS This was a single-center observational study which enrolled 98 gastric cancer patients and 82 adjacent normal gastric tissues from patients aged 32-84 years(median age 65)between July 2006 and April 2007.Patients were followed up until death or the study ended(median follow-up duration of 28.5 mo).The samples were used to generate tissue microarrays(TMAs)for immunohistochemical(IHC)staining.The expressions of TGF-β1,pSMAD3C(S423/425),pSMAD3L(S204),and VEGFR-1 in gastric cancer(GC)tumor tissue and normal tissue were measured by IHC staining using TMAs obtained from 98 GC patients.Prognosis and survival information of the patients was recorded by Outdo Biotech from May 2007 to July 2015.The relationship between TGF-β1,pSMAD3C(S423/425),pSMAD3L(S204),and VEGFR-1 protein expression levels was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.The relationship between protein expression levels and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed using the Chi-squared test.A survival curve was generated using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.RESULTS TGFβ-1 and VEGFR-1 expression was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer tissue compared to adjacent noncancerous tissue.The positive expression of phosphorylated isoforms of Smad3 varied depending on the phosphorylation site[pSMAD3C(S423/425):51.0%and pSMAD3L(S204):31.6%].High expression of pSMAD-3L(S204)was significantly correlated with larger tumors(P=0.038)and later N stages(P=0.035).Additionally,high expression of VEGFR-1 was closely correlated with tumor size(P=0.015)and pathological grading(P=0.013).High expression of both pSMAD3L(S204)and VEGFR-1 was associated with unfavorable outcomes in terms of overall survival(OS).Multivariate analysis indicated that high expression of pSMAD3L(S204)and VEGFR-1 were independent risk factors for prognosis in GC patients.VEGFR-1 protein expression was correlated with TGF-β1(r=0.220,P=0.029),pSMAD3C(S423/425)(r=0.302,P=0.002),and pSMAD3L(S204)(r=0.201,P=0.047),respectively.Simultaneous overexpression of pSMAD3L(S204)and VEGFR-1 was associated with poor OS in gastric cancer patients.CONCLUSION Co-upregulation of pSMAD3L(S204)and VEGFR-1 can serve as a predictive marker for poor gastric cancer prognosis,and pSMAD3L(204)may be involved in enhanced gastric cancer metastasis in a VEGFR-1-dependent manner.

由Sălăvgean-q微分算子定义的具有对称共轭点的单叶调和函数类

在单复变函数几何理论的研究中,构造函数类及研究它的几何性质是目前国内外重要的研究课题。本文首先定义了一个Sălăgean-q微分算子,利用该算子,我们构建了一类具有特殊性质的倒结构单叶调和函数,这类函数具有对称共轭点。我们进一步推导出了这类函数的系数条件,并得到了相应的Fekete-Szegö不等式,这一发现有效地拓展了现有的知识范畴。这一成果不仅丰富了单复变函数的理论内容,也为调和函数的研究提供了新的视角和方法。更重要的是,这一研究可能为未来在信号处理、图像处理等领域的实际应用提供新的数学模型和算法基础。

Accurate Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 by Sanger Sequencing of Receptor-Binding Domain Is Needed for Clinical Evaluation of Its Immune Evasion

Background: Omicron JN.1 has become the dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant in recent months. JN.1 has the highest number of amino acid mutations in its receptor binding domain (RBD) and has acquired a hallmark L455S mutation. The immune evasion capability of JN.1 is a subject of scientific investigation. The US CDC used SGTF of TaqPath COVID-19 Combo Kit RT-qPCR as proxy indicator of JN.1 infections for evaluation of the effectiveness of updated monovalent XBB.1.5 COVID-19 vaccines against JN.1 and recommended that all persons aged ≥ 6 months should receive an updated COVID-19 vaccine dose. Objective: Recommend Sanger sequencing instead of proxy indicator to diagnose JN.1 infections to generate the data based on which guidelines are made to direct vaccination policies. Methods: The RNA in nasopharyngeal swab specimens from patients with clinical respiratory infection was subjected to nested RT-PCR, targeting a 398-base segment of the N-gene and a 445-base segment of the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 for amplification. The nested PCR amplicons were sequenced. The DNA sequences were analyzed for amino acid mutations. Results: The N-gene sequence showed R203K, G204R and Q229K, the 3 mutations associated with Omicron BA.2.86 (+JN.1). The RBD sequence showed 24 of the 26 known amino acid mutations, including the hallmark L455S mutation for JN.1 and the V483del for BA.2.86 lineage. Conclusions: Sanger sequencing of a 445-base segment of the SARS-CoV-2 RBD is useful for accurate determination of emerging variants. The CDC may consider using Sanger sequencing of the RBD to diagnose JN.1 infections for statistical analysis in making vaccination policies.

有限元分析对骨质疏松条件下L5/S1斜外侧椎间融合与两种后路固定的生物力学研究

目的评估在骨质疏松条件下,行L5/S1节段斜外侧椎间融合术(oblique lateral interbody fusion at L5/S1,OLIF51)及其联合双侧皮质骨轨迹螺钉(cortical bone trajectory screw,CBT)和双侧椎弓根螺钉(bilateral pedicle screw,BPS)的生物力学性能。方法招募1名健康青年男性作为志愿者,获得其腰骶椎三维CT数据,在有限元分析软件中完成L4~S1三维模型,采用前路钛板(titanium plate,TP)固定的OLIF51手术模型、OLIF51+CBT和OLIF51+BPS手术模型的构建,分别命名为A、B、C、D模型。通过赋值、设定条件、施加载荷,分析不同条件下的生物力学特性。结果顺利完成4种有限元模型的构建。4种模型在所有运动中的平均活动度(range of motion,ROM)变化趋势为A模型>B模型>C模型>D模型;其中,与A模型相比,B模型降幅为84.21%~94.42%,C模型降幅为88.12%~96.40%,D模型降幅为90.07%~96.49%(P均<0.05);与B模型相比,C模型降幅为7.41%~52.38%,D模型降幅为27.78%~58.33%(P均<0.05)。3种手术模型在所有运动中的融合器(Cage)平均最大应力变化趋势为B模型>C模型>D模型;其中,与B模型相比,C模型降幅为12.89%~57.62%,D模型降幅为36.43%~73.11%;D模型和C模型相比,除左侧弯外差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);D模型降幅为21.83%~37.67%。3种手术模型在所有运动中的内固定平均最大应力变化趋势为B模型>C模型>D模型;与B模型相比,C模型降幅为3.55%~65.47%,D模型降幅为18.58%~84.41%;CBT应力大于BPS应力(P<0.05)。结论在OLIF51手术中,补充后路内固定可以增强融合节段的稳定性并减轻TP上的应力。不建议对骨质疏松症患者单独进行OLIF51手术,使用BPS辅助固定可达到最佳生物力学特性。接受CBT辅助内固定的患者术后需要佩戴支具,并尽量避免融合部位的右侧弯曲运动。

L型氨基酸转运蛋白1的表达对非霍奇金淋巴瘤临床病理特征和预后的影响

目的:检测非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)组织中L型氨基酸转运蛋白1(LAT1)的表达,分析LAT1对患者临床病理特征和预后的影响。方法:收集2017年1月至2019年4月在本院接受治疗的NHL患者92例,免疫组织化学检测NHL组织中LAT1的表达,比较不同病理特征(包括性别、Ann Arbor分期、结外浸润、Ki-67)患者组间LAT1的表达差异,单因素和多因素Cox回归分析影响患者死亡的危险因素,受试者工作曲线(ROC)检测NHL组织中LAT1阳性细胞百分比对患者死亡的预测价值,分析LAT1阳性细胞百分比对患者生存率的影响。结果:LAT1在NHL组织中呈阳性表达,Ann Arbor分期III期和IV期组LAT1高表达率高于I期组,结外浸润组LAT1高表达率高于无结外浸润组,Ki-67阳性表达组LAT1高表达率高于阴性表达组,比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。LAT1高表达组治疗3个疗程后的缓解率为70.7%,低于低表达组的91.2%,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Ann Arbor分期III期、IV期、结外浸润、Ki-67阳性表达和LAT1表达增加(即LAT1阳性细胞比例评分≥2)为患者死亡的危险因素。LAT1阳性细胞百分比预测NHL死亡的截断值为45.6%,曲线下面积为0.905(95%CI:0.897-0.924)。LAT1高水平组(LAT1阳性细胞百分比≥45.6%)3年生存率为50.00%,低于LAT1低水平组的78.26%(P<0.05)。结论:LAT1在NHL组织中表达水平增加,影响患者的肿瘤分期和结外浸润,是患者死亡的危险因素。