The risks of metal compounds to human health are highlighted by the ubiquity of exposure and their persistence in the environment.Although compounds of As,Cd,Co,Cr,and Ni are known or“reasonably anticipated”to be ca...The risks of metal compounds to human health are highlighted by the ubiquity of exposure and their persistence in the environment.Although compounds of As,Cd,Co,Cr,and Ni are known or“reasonably anticipated”to be carcinogenic to humans and/or experimental animals, the cellular targets of these health hazards and the underlying mechanisms of their carcinogenic- ity are still unclear.We show in this report that dramatic,time-and dose-dependent cytoskeletal perturbations,especially in the distribution and organization patterns of microtubules and mi- crofilaments,two of the principal components of the cytoskeleton,occurred in 3T3 cells upon exposure to these metal salts.Each metal salt appeared to induce a different,typical pattern of cytoskeletal injury,probably reflecting the specificity of action of each metal ion.These results suggest that the cytoskeleton can indeed act as a target for injury by epigenetic carcinogenic metal compounds in the environment.These findings should help our efforts to understand the mechanisms of action of metal compounds at the subcellular and molecular levels.1989 Academic Press,Inc.展开更多
There are rising concerns about the hazardous effects of heavy metals on the environment. In this study, comet assay and DNA alkaline unwinding assay were conducted on the tissues (gills, hepatopancreas, and hemocytes...There are rising concerns about the hazardous effects of heavy metals on the environment. In this study, comet assay and DNA alkaline unwinding assay were conducted on the tissues (gills, hepatopancreas, and hemocytes) of Charybdis japonica in order to illustrate genotoxicity of three heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+) on the marine crabs C. japonica. The crabs were exposed to Cu2+ (10, 50, and 100 ?g.L?1), Pb2+ (50, 250, and 500 ?g L?1) and Cd2+ (5, 25, and 50 ?g L?1), and the tissues were sampled at days 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 15. DNA alkaline unwinding assay was used for testing the DNA single strand break in gills and hepatopancreas and comet assay was employed for testing the DNA damage in hemocytes. The results showed that the DNA damage (F-value) of gills in the crabs exposed to the three heavy metals was decreased gradually during the exposure periods and there was a dose-time response relationship in certain time, suggesting that the levels of DNA single strand break in all the experimental groups increased significantly compared to the controls. Changes of F-value in hepatopancreas of the crabs exposed to the three heavy metals were similar to those in gills except that the peak values were found in the 500 ?g L?1 Pb2+ treatment group at day 3 and the 50 ?g L?1 Cd2+ treatment group at day 9. The ranks of DNA damage in gills and hepatopancreas induced by the three heavy metal ions (50 ?g L?1, day 15) were Cd2+ >Pb2+ >Cu2+ and Pb2+ >Cu2+ >Cd2+. The levels of DNA damage in gills were higher than those in hepatopancreas in the same experimental group. It can be concluded that indices of DNA damage can be used as the potential biomarkers of heavy metal pollution in marine environment.展开更多
To separate the cadmium and nickel resources in waste Ni-Cd batteries, aself-designed vacuum distillation recycling system was studied under laboratory conditions. Theeffects of system temperature, operating pressure,...To separate the cadmium and nickel resources in waste Ni-Cd batteries, aself-designed vacuum distillation recycling system was studied under laboratory conditions. Theeffects of system temperature, operating pressure, and time on the separation of Ni and Cd werestudied respectively. The mechanism of vacuum thermal recycling was also discussed. Results showthat vacuum distillation is a very effective separation method for waste Ni-Cd batteries. At aconstant pressure, the increase of temperature can improve the separating efficiency of Cd. When thetemperature is 1 173 K, cadmium can evaporate completely from the samples during 3 h at 10 Pa. Thereduction of pressure in a certain range is effective to the separating of Cd from Ni-Cd batteriesby vacuum distillation.展开更多
Metal oxides(Fe, Mn oxides) in natural surface coatings(biofilms and associated minerals) are believed to play a significant role in the fate and transport of trace metal in aquatic environments. Seasonal variation of...Metal oxides(Fe, Mn oxides) in natural surface coatings(biofilms and associated minerals) are believed to play a significant role in the fate and transport of trace metal in aquatic environments. Seasonal variation of Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials in surface coatings, which were developed periodically on glass slides in Nanhu Lake, Jilin Province, China over the time frame of three seasons, was investigated in order to understand the influence of metal oxides on Pb and Cd adsorption to heterogeneous surface coating materials(biofilm). Pb and Cd adsorption was measured under controlled laboratory conditions(mineral salts solution with defined speciation, ionic strength 0 05 mol/L, 25℃ and pH 6 0). The classical Langmuir adsorption isotherm was applied to estimate equilibrium coefficients of Pb and Cd adsorption to the surface coatings. In general, components in the surface coatings varied greatly with seasons altering and obtained higher concentrations in summer while the content of iron oxides always exceeded that of manganese oxides. Correlation analyses between the maximum adsorption of Pb and Cd and components in the surface coatings developed periodically indicated that Pb phase association with Mn oxides and Cd phase association with Fe oxides as well as Mn oxides were statistically significant. Effect of Mn oxides on Cd adsorption was confirmed in view of its higher content in the surface coatings. The importance of ferromanganese oxides for Pb and Cd adsorption to the natural surface coatings developed in different seasons was evidenced.展开更多
With the potato variety Xishu 1 as the test materials, this paper adopted tissue culture to study the effect of Pb and Cd stress with different mass fractions on potato growth and the antioxidase system. The results s...With the potato variety Xishu 1 as the test materials, this paper adopted tissue culture to study the effect of Pb and Cd stress with different mass fractions on potato growth and the antioxidase system. The results showed that under the stress of Pb (200 mg/kg) and Cd (20 mg/kg), growth of potato had no obvious difference with that in control group; under the stress of Pb ( 〉200 mg/kg) and Cd ( 〉20 mg/kg), potato growth suspended, and its physiological indexes such as dry weight, plant height, root number, root length were inhibited obviously. With the increasing mass fraction of Pb, relative electrical conductivity, MDA and proline of potato leaves showed the tendency of increase, and the results in high mass fraction treatments showed significant difference with those in the control group (P 〈 0.05 ), CAT, POD and SOD activity of leaves increased greatly with the increasing mass fraction. In the Pb stress treatment (200 mg/kg), relative electrical conductivity, MDA and proline of potato leaves showed no obvious difference with those in the control group, and the results in high mass fraction treatments were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P 〈 O. 05 ), CAT and SOD activity increased greatly with the increasing mass fraction ( P 〈 0.05 ). Under the stress of Pb and Cd, synthesis of soluble protein in potato leaves was strongly inhibited. The results showed that potato was tolerant to Pb and Cd of lower mass fraction, and damage of potato caused by Pb and Cd stress could be relieved by improving activity of antioxidase and reducing peroxidation of membrane lipid, and the tolerance reduced with the increase of stress.展开更多
Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn,and As are typical pollutantsoriginated from Pb-Zn mine,smelting wastewater discharge/irrigation and gas emission,and they were distributed widely in China.Westudied the compound pollution of Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn,a...Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn,and As are typical pollutantsoriginated from Pb-Zn mine,smelting wastewater discharge/irrigation and gas emission,and they were distributed widely in China.Westudied the compound pollution of Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn,and As on rice. Pot culture and field plots test were bothused in the experiment.The treatments were:1)low dose:Cd 0.5,Pb 100,Cu 33,Zn 66,and As 10mg·kg;2)high dose:Cd 1.5,Pb 300,Cu 100,Zn 200,and As 30mg·kg,and 3)CK:no heavy metal was applied.Soil tested was meadow burozen(pH6.3-6.7)and the dosage of heavy metal added to the soilwas close to the soil environmental standard.Results were as follows:展开更多
文摘The risks of metal compounds to human health are highlighted by the ubiquity of exposure and their persistence in the environment.Although compounds of As,Cd,Co,Cr,and Ni are known or“reasonably anticipated”to be carcinogenic to humans and/or experimental animals, the cellular targets of these health hazards and the underlying mechanisms of their carcinogenic- ity are still unclear.We show in this report that dramatic,time-and dose-dependent cytoskeletal perturbations,especially in the distribution and organization patterns of microtubules and mi- crofilaments,two of the principal components of the cytoskeleton,occurred in 3T3 cells upon exposure to these metal salts.Each metal salt appeared to induce a different,typical pattern of cytoskeletal injury,probably reflecting the specificity of action of each metal ion.These results suggest that the cytoskeleton can indeed act as a target for injury by epigenetic carcinogenic metal compounds in the environment.These findings should help our efforts to understand the mechanisms of action of metal compounds at the subcellular and molecular levels.1989 Academic Press,Inc.
基金supported by the Science Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China
文摘There are rising concerns about the hazardous effects of heavy metals on the environment. In this study, comet assay and DNA alkaline unwinding assay were conducted on the tissues (gills, hepatopancreas, and hemocytes) of Charybdis japonica in order to illustrate genotoxicity of three heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+) on the marine crabs C. japonica. The crabs were exposed to Cu2+ (10, 50, and 100 ?g.L?1), Pb2+ (50, 250, and 500 ?g L?1) and Cd2+ (5, 25, and 50 ?g L?1), and the tissues were sampled at days 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 15. DNA alkaline unwinding assay was used for testing the DNA single strand break in gills and hepatopancreas and comet assay was employed for testing the DNA damage in hemocytes. The results showed that the DNA damage (F-value) of gills in the crabs exposed to the three heavy metals was decreased gradually during the exposure periods and there was a dose-time response relationship in certain time, suggesting that the levels of DNA single strand break in all the experimental groups increased significantly compared to the controls. Changes of F-value in hepatopancreas of the crabs exposed to the three heavy metals were similar to those in gills except that the peak values were found in the 500 ?g L?1 Pb2+ treatment group at day 3 and the 50 ?g L?1 Cd2+ treatment group at day 9. The ranks of DNA damage in gills and hepatopancreas induced by the three heavy metal ions (50 ?g L?1, day 15) were Cd2+ >Pb2+ >Cu2+ and Pb2+ >Cu2+ >Cd2+. The levels of DNA damage in gills were higher than those in hepatopancreas in the same experimental group. It can be concluded that indices of DNA damage can be used as the potential biomarkers of heavy metal pollution in marine environment.
文摘To separate the cadmium and nickel resources in waste Ni-Cd batteries, aself-designed vacuum distillation recycling system was studied under laboratory conditions. Theeffects of system temperature, operating pressure, and time on the separation of Ni and Cd werestudied respectively. The mechanism of vacuum thermal recycling was also discussed. Results showthat vacuum distillation is a very effective separation method for waste Ni-Cd batteries. At aconstant pressure, the increase of temperature can improve the separating efficiency of Cd. When thetemperature is 1 173 K, cadmium can evaporate completely from the samples during 3 h at 10 Pa. Thereduction of pressure in a certain range is effective to the separating of Cd from Ni-Cd batteriesby vacuum distillation.
文摘Metal oxides(Fe, Mn oxides) in natural surface coatings(biofilms and associated minerals) are believed to play a significant role in the fate and transport of trace metal in aquatic environments. Seasonal variation of Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials in surface coatings, which were developed periodically on glass slides in Nanhu Lake, Jilin Province, China over the time frame of three seasons, was investigated in order to understand the influence of metal oxides on Pb and Cd adsorption to heterogeneous surface coating materials(biofilm). Pb and Cd adsorption was measured under controlled laboratory conditions(mineral salts solution with defined speciation, ionic strength 0 05 mol/L, 25℃ and pH 6 0). The classical Langmuir adsorption isotherm was applied to estimate equilibrium coefficients of Pb and Cd adsorption to the surface coatings. In general, components in the surface coatings varied greatly with seasons altering and obtained higher concentrations in summer while the content of iron oxides always exceeded that of manganese oxides. Correlation analyses between the maximum adsorption of Pb and Cd and components in the surface coatings developed periodically indicated that Pb phase association with Mn oxides and Cd phase association with Fe oxides as well as Mn oxides were statistically significant. Effect of Mn oxides on Cd adsorption was confirmed in view of its higher content in the surface coatings. The importance of ferromanganese oxides for Pb and Cd adsorption to the natural surface coatings developed in different seasons was evidenced.
基金Sponsored by Key Program of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education(12ZA149)
文摘With the potato variety Xishu 1 as the test materials, this paper adopted tissue culture to study the effect of Pb and Cd stress with different mass fractions on potato growth and the antioxidase system. The results showed that under the stress of Pb (200 mg/kg) and Cd (20 mg/kg), growth of potato had no obvious difference with that in control group; under the stress of Pb ( 〉200 mg/kg) and Cd ( 〉20 mg/kg), potato growth suspended, and its physiological indexes such as dry weight, plant height, root number, root length were inhibited obviously. With the increasing mass fraction of Pb, relative electrical conductivity, MDA and proline of potato leaves showed the tendency of increase, and the results in high mass fraction treatments showed significant difference with those in the control group (P 〈 0.05 ), CAT, POD and SOD activity of leaves increased greatly with the increasing mass fraction. In the Pb stress treatment (200 mg/kg), relative electrical conductivity, MDA and proline of potato leaves showed no obvious difference with those in the control group, and the results in high mass fraction treatments were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P 〈 O. 05 ), CAT and SOD activity increased greatly with the increasing mass fraction ( P 〈 0.05 ). Under the stress of Pb and Cd, synthesis of soluble protein in potato leaves was strongly inhibited. The results showed that potato was tolerant to Pb and Cd of lower mass fraction, and damage of potato caused by Pb and Cd stress could be relieved by improving activity of antioxidase and reducing peroxidation of membrane lipid, and the tolerance reduced with the increase of stress.
文摘Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn,and As are typical pollutantsoriginated from Pb-Zn mine,smelting wastewater discharge/irrigation and gas emission,and they were distributed widely in China.Westudied the compound pollution of Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn,and As on rice. Pot culture and field plots test were bothused in the experiment.The treatments were:1)low dose:Cd 0.5,Pb 100,Cu 33,Zn 66,and As 10mg·kg;2)high dose:Cd 1.5,Pb 300,Cu 100,Zn 200,and As 30mg·kg,and 3)CK:no heavy metal was applied.Soil tested was meadow burozen(pH6.3-6.7)and the dosage of heavy metal added to the soilwas close to the soil environmental standard.Results were as follows: