羧基化柚子皮吸附Cd^(2+)的性能与机制

为探索利用食品加工废弃物柚子皮制备一种重金属离子吸附材料的可行性,通过NaOH将柚子皮中甲酯化的羧基水解成羧酸,再利用TEMPO/次氯酸钠/溴化钠体系将柚子皮中C-6位伯羟基氧化成羧酸,制备出一种羧基化柚子皮吸附材料,同时采用FTIR、SEM-EDS和XPS对柚子皮和吸附Cd^(2+)前后的羧基化柚子皮进行表征,研究其吸附机制。结果表明羧基化柚子皮中羧基含量为2.34 mmol/g,是改性前的10.64倍,且可以有效地去除水溶液中Cd^(2+)。羧基化柚子皮吸附Cd^(2+)更符合Langmuir和伪二阶动力学模型,属于单层化学吸附,对Cd^(2+)的最大吸附量为76.16 mg/g,是改性前的5.81倍。羧基化柚子皮中羧基(-COO^(-))是吸附Cd^(2+)的功能性基团,吸附后形成羧酸镉,其中镉以Cd^(2+)的形式存在,与-COO^(-)的配位方式主要是双齿桥式,该吸附过程是一个阳离子(Na^(+)和Cd^(2+))交换的过程。

好氧堆肥对生物炭理化性质及吸附Cd^(2+)稳定性的影响

生物炭可作为畜禽粪污好氧堆肥中去除重金属的功能材料,但堆体内部复杂的环境变化会影响生物炭的理化性质,从而影响其对重金属吸附的稳定性。将普通秸秆生物炭(BC)和磁性秸秆生物炭(FBC)置于牛粪中进行30 d好氧堆肥试验,研究两种生物炭基本理化性质及对Cd^(2+)吸附稳定性的影响。结果表明:堆肥处理使BC和FBC的比表面积分别增加20.56%和76.64%,总孔容分别下降2.36%和3.70%,平均孔径分别下降19.17%和46.54%,表面官能团发生变化,FBC的饱和磁化强度下降43.67%。堆肥后,饱和吸附Cd^(2+)的两种生物炭BC和FBC的TCLP提取态Cd(TCLP-Cd)占比和TCLP提取液pH(TCLP-pH)均呈下降趋势,其中TCLP-Cd占比分别从28.31%和22.85%显著下降至26.76%和13.85%(P<0.05),TCLP-pH分别从3.66和3.29显著下降至3.51和3.14。综上,堆肥老化改变了两种生物炭的理化性质,降低了其酸可提取态Cd的含量,提高了其吸附Cd 2+的稳定性,且FBC中Cd^(2+)的稳定性更强。

Cd^(2+)浓度对好氧颗粒污泥EPS各组分形成的影响

为探究重金属Cd^(2+)对好氧颗粒污泥系统运行的影响,采用紫外分析法和三维荧光光谱分析法研究了SBR反应器中不同浓度的重金属Cd^(2+)对好氧颗粒污泥EPS总量以及各组分(LB-EPS、SB-EPS、TB-EPS)的产生与组成成分的影响。试验结果表明:低浓度Cd^(2+)(小于0.1mg/L)促进EPS的产生,高浓度Cd^(2+)(大于3mg/L)抑制EPS的产生;SB-EPS随着Cd^(2+)浓度的增加逐渐减少,其中蛋白质含量增加,多糖、腐殖酸明显减少;当Cd^(2+)浓度小于0.1mg/L时TB-EPS显著增加,其中主要增加的成分是蛋白质;当Cd^(2+)浓度大于3mg/L时,TB-EPS的分泌受到抑制,但蛋白质含量仍高于空白对照组,多糖、腐殖酸含量显著降低;LB-EPS受到的影响因素较多,其含量变化不规律。采用扩展DLVO理论剖析了EPS各组分含量的变化对好氧颗粒污泥沉降性能的影响,以期为好氧颗粒化技术在工业废水处理中的应用提供有力的支持。

Hierarchically Structured Nb_(2)O_5 Microflowers with Enhanced Capacity and Fast-Charging Capability for Flexible Planar Sodium Ion Micro-Supercapacitors

Planar Na ion micro-supercapacitors(NIMSCs) that offer both high energy density and power density are deemed to a promising class of miniaturized power sources for wearable and portable microelectron-ics. Nevertheless, the development of NIMSCs are hugely impeded by the low capacity and sluggish Na ion kinetics in the negative electrode.Herein, we demonstrate a novel carbon-coated Nb_(2)O_5 microflower with a hierarchical structure composed of vertically intercrossed and porous nanosheets, boosting Na ion storage performance. The unique structural merits, including uniform carbon coating, ultrathin nanosheets and abun-dant pores, endow the Nb_(2)O_5 microflower with highly reversible Na ion storage capacity of 245 mAh g^(-1) at 0.25 C and excellent rate capability.Benefiting from high capacity and fast charging of Nb_(2)O_5 microflower, the planar NIMSCs consisted of Nb_(2)O_5 negative electrode and activated car-bon positive electrode deliver high areal energy density of 60.7 μWh cm^(-2),considerable voltage window of 3.5 V and extraordinary cyclability. Therefore, this work exploits a structural design strategy towards electrode materials for application in NIMSCs, holding great promise for flexible microelectronics.

羧甲基改性沙柳木粉膜吸附Cd^(2+)的性能研究

沙柳木粉(SPP)经醚化反应制备成羧甲基沙柳木粉(CMS)。将CMS溶解到1-丙烯基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐(AMIMJCI)和二甲基亚砜(DMSO)中,采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)为成膜剂,制备羧甲基沙柳木粉膜(CMSM)。探究在不同吸附条件下CMSM对Cd^(2+)的吸附性能。采用FTIR、SEM、XRD和XPS对CMSM进行表征。吸附结果表明:Cd^(2+)初始浓度为800mg·L^(-1),pH值为5,吸附时间105min,吸附温度35℃时,CMSM对Cd^(2+)的吸附效果最佳。表征结果表明:0-H、-COOH、-C-O-C-、-CH_(2)、-NH_(2),基团参与吸附Cd^(2+)的反应。CMSM表面比较疏松,有孔隙,成狭缝型。CMSM晶体内部变得蓬松,Cd^(2+)更容易被CMSM吸附。CMSM对Cd^(2+)的吸附属于多分子层吸附,同时存在化学吸附和物理吸附,且以化学吸附为主,准二级动力学模型和Freundlich等温线模型与其吸附过程相符合。

Co-doped BaFe_(2)As_(2) Josephson junction fabricated with a focused helium ion beam

Josephson junction plays a key role not only in studying the basic physics of unconventional iron-based superconductors but also in realizing practical application of thin-film based devices,therefore the preparation of high-quality iron pnictide Josephson junctions is of great importance.In this work,we have successfully fabricated Josephson junctions from Co-doped BaFe_(2)As_(2)thin films using a direct junction fabrication technique which utilizes high energy focused helium ion beam(FHIB).The electrical transport properties were investigated for junctions fabricated with various He^(+)irradiation doses.The junctions show sharp superconducting transition around 24 K with a narrow transition width of 2.5 K,and a dose correlated foot-structure resistance which corresponds to the effective tuning of junction properties by He^(+)irradiation.Significant J_c suppression by more than two orders of magnitude can be achieved by increasing the He^(+)irradiation dose,which is advantageous for the realization of low noise ion pnictide thin film devices.Clear Shapiro steps are observed under 10 GHz microwave irradiation.The above results demonstrate the successful fabrication of high quality and controllable Co-doped BaFe_(2)As_(2)Josephson junction with high reproducibility using the FHIB technique,laying the foundation for future investigating the mechanism of iron-based superconductors,and also the further implementation in various superconducting electronic devices.

农业废弃物生物炭制备及其对Cd^(2+)的吸附特征

[目的]本文旨在探讨不同农业废弃物生物炭对Cd^(2+)的吸附特征,为农业废弃物资源化利用以及环境中Cd^(2+)的修复提供理论依据和技术支撑。[方法]本研究以农业废弃物为原料,平菇菌渣、香菇菌渣、玉米秸秆、牛粪分别在300、400、500℃温度下限氧热解反应制备3种平菇菌渣生物炭(PGBC)、3种香菇菌渣生物炭(XGBC)、3种牛粪生物炭(NFBC)和3种玉米秸秆生物炭(YMBC)共12种生物炭,并对吸附性能最好的500℃下热解制备的平菇生物炭PG500进行铁锰复合改性(FM-PG500)。采用BET、FTIR等方法对制备生物炭理化特性进行表征,开展吸附试验研究不同物源和铁锰复合改性生物炭对Cd^(2+)的吸附性能及特征。[结果]随着热解温度的提高,4种生物炭的产率均随之减小,灰分含量、比表面积及孔容呈相反变化趋势;芳香族官能团相对含量增加,其结构趋于稳定,且铁锰复合改性后的FM-PG500具备最高的芳香化程度。PG500对Cd^(2+)吸附量最高。不同农业废弃物生物炭对Cd^(2+)的吸附过程均符合准二级动力学,其中PGBC、XGBC和FM-PG500拟合结果符合Langmuir模型,为单分子层化学吸附,而YMBC和NFBC符合Freundlich模型,为多分子层的化学吸附。在吸附热力学实验中,当Cd^(2+)浓度为10~80 mg·L^(-1)时,FM-PG500的平衡吸附量由未改性前的4.96~36.52 mg·g^(-1)提高至5.41~38.04 mg·g^(-1);吸附动力学实验中,当Cd^(2+)浓度为20 mg L^(-1)时,FM-PG500对Cd^(2+)的吸附量相较于未改性前提升了11.0%。[结论]平菇菌渣作为原材料制备生物炭对水中Cd^(2+)的去除有较大潜力,铁锰氧化物负载之后改变了生物炭的理化性质从而有利于生物炭吸附性能的提高。

电化学快速合成UiO-66及构建电化学传感器检测Cd^(2+)

由于目前合成UiO-66需要高温和长时的苛刻条件,本文采用电化学方法,在无需添加锆盐、常温和2 h的条件下快速合成出UiO-66,并用其制备UiO-66/玻碳电极(GCE)构建电化学传感器检测Cd^(2+)。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、 X射线衍射(XRD)和比表面积(BET)的表征及分析可知,合成的UiO-66为菱形十二面体结构,结晶度良好,比表面积较大,可达到1 054.455 m^(2)/g,总孔隙体积为0.709 cm3/g。同时,探索出最佳检测条件为:NaAc-HAc缓冲溶液pH值为5、富集电压为-1.0 V、富集时间为120 s。在最佳检测条件下,基于UiO-66构建的电化学传感器对Cd~(2+)的检测灵敏度为4.10 AM^(-1),最低检测限为0.037μM,显示出较好的检测Cd^(2+)性能,并且具有良好的重现性、稳定性和抗干扰性。回收实验表明,检测实际汾河水样效果良好。

课程实践融入《试验设计与数据处理》教学--改性花生壳吸附剂的制备及其对重金属Cd^(2+)的吸附性能研究

随着我国提出新工科建设路线,结合地方高校(贺州学院)的地域特色和应用型人才的培养目标,本文通过课程考核形式,设计一个利用花生壳为原料制备出改性花生壳吸附剂(MPS)的试验。学生通过对吸附剂的合成、表征、试验设计和数据分析等环节,将《试验设计与数据处理》课程中所学知识应用到实际试验中,加深对课程知识的理解,锻炼其实际应用能力。

Extending the solid solution range of sodium ferric pyrophosphate:Off‐stoichiometric Na_(3)Fe(2.5)(P_(2)O_(7))_(2)as a novel cathode for sodium‐ion batteries

Iron‐based pyrophosphates are attractive cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries due to their large framework,cost‐effectiveness,and high energy density.However,the understanding of the crystal structure is scarce and only a limited candidates have been reported so far.In this work,we found for the first time that a continuous solid solution,Na_(4−α)Fe_(2+α)_(2)(P_(2)O_(7))_(2)(0≤α≤1,could be obtained by mutual substitution of cations at center‐symmetric Na3 and Na4 sites while keeping the crystal building blocks of anionic P_(2)O_(7) unchanged.In particular,a novel off‐stoichiometric Na_(3)Fe(2.5)(P_(2)O_(7))_(2)is thus proposed,and its structure,energy storage mechanism,and electrochemical performance are extensively investigated to unveil the structure–function relationship.The as‐prepared off‐stoichiometric electrode delivers appealing performance with a reversible discharge capacity of 83 mAh g^(−1),a working voltage of 2.9 V(vs.Na^(+)/Na),the retention of 89.2%of the initial capacity after 500 cycles,and enhanced rate capability of 51 mAh g^(−1)at a current density of 1600 mA g^(−1).This research shows that sodium ferric pyrophosphate could form extended solid solution composition and promising phase is concealed in the range of Na_(4−α)Fe_(2+α)_(2)(P_(2)O_(7))_(2),offering more chances for exploration of new cathode materials for the construction of high‐performance SIBs.

Polyhydroxyl-aluminum pillaring improved adsorption capacities of Pb^(2+) and Cd^(2+) onto diatomite

In order to greatly improve adsorption capacity, the diatomite was pillared by polyhydroxyl-aluminum.A series of adsorption tests were conducted to obtain the optimum condition for pillared diatomite synthesis. The scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, surface area and porosity analyzer and micro-electrophoresis were used to determine pore structure and surface property.The pillared diatomite attaining the optimal adsorption densities （qe） of Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ was synthesized with the following conditions： Addition of pillaring solution containing Al3＋-oligomers with a concentration range of 0.1-0.2 mol/L to a suspension containing Na＋-diatomite to obtain the required Al/diatomite ratio of 10 mmol/g; synthesis temperature of 80 ℃ for 120 min; aging at a temperature of 105 ℃ for 16 h. The adsorption capacities of Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ on pillared diatomite increase by 23.79% and 27.36% compared with natural diatomite, respectively. The surface property of pillared diatomite is more favorable for ion adsorption than natural diatomite. The result suggests that diatomite can be modified by pillaring with polyhydroxyl-aluminum to improve its adsorption properties greatly.

Stellerite-seeded facile synthesis of zeolite X with excellent aqueous Cd^(2+)and Ni^(2+)adsorption performance

Zeolite X was synthesized by a two-step hydrothermal method using natural stellerite zeolite as the silicon seed,and its adsorption performance for Cd^(2+)and Ni^(2+)ions was experimentally and comprehensively investigated.The effects of p H,zeolite X dosage,contact time,and temperature on adsorption performance for Cd^(2+)and Ni^(2+)ions over were studied.The adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous,and followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic and the Langmuir isotherm models.The maximum adsorption capacitiesfor Cd^(2+)and Ni^(2+)ions at 298 K were 173.553 and 75.897 mg.g-1,respectively.Ion exchange and precipitation were the principal mechanisms for the removal of Cd^(2+)ions from aqueous solutions by zeolite X,followed by electrostatic adsorption.Ion exchange was the principal mechanisms for the removal of Ni^(2+)ions from aqueous solutions by zeolite X,followed by electrostatic adsorption and precipitation.The zeolite X converted from stellerite zeolite has a low n(Si/Al),abundant hydroxyl groups,and high crystallinity and purity,imparting a good adsorption performance for Cd^(2+)and Ni^(2+)ions.This study suggests that zeolite X converted from stellerite zeolite could be a useful environmentally-friendly and effective tool for the removal of Cd^(2+)and Ni^(2+)ions from aqueous solutions.

Biosorption and desorption of Cd^(2+) from wastewater by dehydrated shreds of Cladophora fascicularis

The adsorption and desorption of algae Cladophora fascicularis and their relation with initial Cd2+ concentration, initial pH, and co-existing ions were studied. Adsorption equilibrium and biosorption kinetics were established from batch experiments. The adsorption equilibrium was adequately described by the Langmuir isotherm, and biosorption kinetics was in pseudo-second order model. The experiment on co-existing ions showed that the biosorption capacity of biomass decreased with an increasing concentration of competing ions. Desorption experiments indicated that EDTA was efficient desorbent for recovery from Cd2+. With high capacities of metal biosorption and desorption, the biomass of Cladophora fascicularis is promising as a cost-effective biosorbent for the removal of Cd2+ from wastewater.

Delving into the dissimilarities in electrochemical performance and underlying mechanisms for sodium and potassium ion storage in N-doped carbon-encapsulated metallic Cu_(2)Se nanocubes

The large volumetric variations experienced by metal selenides within conversion reaction result in inferior rate capability and cycling stability,ultimately hindering the achievement of superior electrochemical performance.Herein,metallic Cu_(2)Se encapsulated with N-doped carbon(Cu_(2)Se@NC)was prepared using Cu_(2)O nanocubes as templates through a combination of dopamine polymerization and hightemperature selenization.The unique nanocubic structure and uniform N-doped carbon coating could shorten the ion transport distance,accelerate electron/charge diffusion,and suppress volume variation,ultimately ensuring Cu_(2)Se@NC with excellent electrochemical performance in sodium ion batteries(SIBs)and potassium ion batteries(PIBs).The composite exhibited excellent rate performance(187.7 mA h g^(-1)at 50 A g^(-1)in SIBs and 179.4 mA h g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1)in PIBs)and cyclic stability(246,8 mA h g^(-1)at 10 A g^(-1)in SIBs over 2500 cycles).The reaction mechanism of intercalation combined with conversion in both SIBs and PIBs was disclosed by in situ X-ray diffraction(XRD)and ex situ transmission electron microscope(TEM).In particular,the final products in PIBs of K_(2)Se and K_(2)Se_(3)species were determined after discharging,which is different from that in SIBs with the final species of Na_(2)Se.The density functional theory calculation showed that carbon induces strong coupling and charge interactions with Cu_(2)Se,leading to the introduction of built-in electric field on heterojunction to improve electron mobility.Significantly,the theoretical calculations discovered that the underlying cause for the relatively superior rate capability in SIBs to that in PIBs is the agile Na~+diffusion with low energy barrier and moderate adsorption energy.These findings offer theoretical support for in-depth understanding of the performance differences of Cu-based materials in different ion storage systems.

粉煤灰基P型沸石吸附水中Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)

以粉煤灰(FA)为原料经水热反应合成了P型沸石(Z-P).采用X射线荧光光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、场发射环境扫描电子显微镜、比表面孔径分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和X射线光电子能谱对Z-P进行表征,并研究了其对Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的吸附性能.结果表明,Z-P的BET比表面积和孔隙体积分别为38.46m^(2)/g和0.2180cm^(3)/g,均高于FA的1.273m^(2)/g和0.0120cm^(3)/g.FA、Z-P对Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的吸附更符合拟二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温线模型.Z-P对Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的最大吸附量分别为157.48,131.57mg/g,远高于于FA的30.88,25.47mg/g.Z-P对Cd^(2+)的循环再生吸附效果好,但对Cu^(2+)的循环再生吸附效果较差.离子强度对Z-P吸附Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)分别起促进和抑制作用.表明Z-P可以作为有效且廉价的Cu^(2+)、Cd^(2+)吸附剂,为FA的资源化利用和含Cu^(2+)、Cd^(2+)重金属离子废水吸附剂的开发提供了一种方法.

硝酸改性显著提高花生壳生物炭对Cd^(2+)的去除能力

本研究采用热分解的方法制备花生壳生物炭,并用乙醇、硝酸和高锰酸钾溶液对其进行改性。分别研究不同方法改性后生物炭吸附Cd^(2+)的性能对初始浓度、吸附时间和pH的响应特征并通过吸附热力学和动力学探索吸附机理。结果表明,改性后的花生壳生物炭对Cd^(2+)的吸附量和去除率明显提高。在花生壳投加量一定的情况下,综合分析得知硝酸改性后对Cd2+吸附效果最佳,吸附量为48.47 mg/g,去除率为96.94%。最佳条件为:Cd^(2+)初始浓度200 mg/L,pH为7,吸附时间120 min。

半焦条件优化对油页岩Cd^(2+)、Pb^(2+)吸附性能的影响

为深入研究温度对半焦油页岩Cd^(2+)、Pb^(2+)吸附性能的影响,以新疆巴里坤矿区油页岩(oil shale,OS)渣为原料,在200~800℃下半焦改性,制备出4种半焦油页岩(OS-200、OS-400、OS-600、OS-800)。使用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)、透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope,TEM)、热重分析(thermogravimetric analysis,TGA)、X射线衍射分析(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、比表面积分析方法BET(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller)和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)等技术进行了物相表征,通过吸附试验研究了其对Cd^(2+)、Pb^(2+)的吸附性能。结果表明:通过不同温度的焦化,OS的物理性状、热重特性等均发生明显变化,在未改变其基本矿物成分的基础上改变了—OH、C O和Si—O—Si化学键的活性,增加了其比表面积。OS-600表现出更好的吸附性能,在pH=7,25℃的条件下,Langmuir方程及准二级动力学模型能够更好地拟合吸附过程。拟合结果显示OS-600理论Cd^(2+)最大吸附量为9.04 mg/g,Pb^(2+)最大吸附量为44.84 mg/g。实测OS-600对Cd^(2+)、Pb^(2+)的实测吸附量分别为6.69、35.42 mg/g,分别高出OS原样吸附量的53.44%、71.69%。OS半焦温度以400~700℃为宜,半焦时间不低于2 h,研究结果为半焦OS制备吸附材料时温度条件优化提供了理论支撑。

Adsorption behavior of Pb^(2+) and Cd^(2+) ions on bauxite flotation tailings

The adsorption behavior of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions on bauxite flotation tailings was investigated to demonstrate the adsorptivity of the bauxite flotation tailings.The adsorption percentage of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions as a function of adsorbent dosage,solution pH value and shaking time were determined by batch experiments.The maximum adsorption percentage of 99.93% for Pb2+ ions and 99.75% for Cd2+ ions were obtained by using bauxite flotation tailings as adsorbent.The methods,such as zeta potentials,specific surface area measurements and the analysis of adsorption kinetics,were introduced to analyze the adsorption mechanisms of the Pb2+ ions on bauxite flotation tailings.The isoelectric point of bauxite flotation tailings shifts from 3.6 to 5.6 in the presence of Pb2+ ions.The specific surface area of bauxite flotation tailings changes from 12.57 to 20.63 m2/g after the adsorption of Pb2+ ions.These results indicate that a specific adsorption of the cation species happens on the surface of bauxite flotation tailings.Adsorption data of Pb2+ ions on the surface of bauxite flotation tailings can be well described by Langmuir model,and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model provides the best correlation for the adsorption data of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions on bauxite flotation tailings.

In Situ Growth of 2D Metal–Organic Framework Ion Sieve Interphase for Reversible Zinc Anodes

Zinc metal anodes are gaining popularity in aqueous electrochemical energy storage systems for their high safety,cost-effectiveness,and high capacity.However,the service life of zinc metal anodes is severely constrained by critical challenges,including dendrites,water-induced hydrogen evolution,and passivation.In this study,a protective two-dimensional metal–organic framework interphase is in situ constructed on the zinc anode surface with a novel gel vapor deposition method.The ultrathin interphase layer(~1μm)is made of layer-stacking 2D nanosheets with angstrom-level pores of around 2.1Å,which serves as an ion sieve to reject large solvent–ion pairs while homogenizes the transport of partially desolvated zinc ions,contributing to a uniform and highly reversible zinc deposition.With the shielding of the interphase layer,an ultra-stable zinc plating/stripping is achieved in symmetric cells with cycling over 1000 h at 0.5 mA cm−2 and~700 h at 1 mA cm^(−2),far exceeding that of the bare zinc anodes(250 and 70 h).Furthermore,as a proof-of-concept demonstration,the full cell paired with MnO_(2) cathode demonstrates improved rate performances and stable cycling(1200 cycles at 1 A g−1).This work provides fresh insights into interphase design to promote the performance of zinc metal anodes.

In situ luminescence measurements of GaN/Al_(2)O_(3) film under different energy proton irradiations

Ion beam-induced luminescence(IBIL) experiments were performed to investigate the in situ luminescence of GaN/Al_(2)O_(3) at varying ion energies,which allowed for the measurement of defects at different depths within the material.The energies of H^(+)were set to 500 keV,640 keV and 2 MeV,the Bragg peaks of which correspond to the GaN film,GaN/Al_(2)O_(3) heterojunction and Al_(2)O_(3) substrate,respectively.A photoluminescence measurement at 250 K was also performed for comparison,during which only near band edge(NBE) and yellow band luminescence in the GaN film were observed.The evolution of the luminescence of the NBE and yellow band in the GaN film was discussed,and both exhibited a decrease with the fluence of H^(+).Additionally,the luminescence of F centers,induced by oxygen vacancies,and Cr^(3+),resulting from the ^(2)E →^(4)A_(2) radiative transition in Al_(2)O_(3),were measured using 2 MeV H^(+).The luminescence intensity of F centers increases gradually with the fluence of H^(+).The luminescence evolution of Cr^(3+)is consistent with a yellow band center,attributed to its weak intensity,and it is situated within the emission band of the yellow band in the GaN film.Our results show that IBIL measurement can effectively detect the luminescence behavior of multilayer films by adjusting the ion energy.Luminescence measurement can be excited by various techniques,but IBIL can satisfy in situ luminescence measurement,and multilayer structural materials of tens of micrometers can be measured through IBIL by adjusting the energy of the inducing ions.The evolution of defects at different layers with ion fluence can be obtained.