Hierarchical Reduced Graphene Oxide-MnO_(2)@Polypyrrole Coaxial Nanotube Composite Hydrogel as a Potential Adsorbent for Cr(Ⅵ)Removal

A hierarchical reduced graphene oxide-MnO_(2)@polypyrrole coaxial nanotube composite hydrogel was prepared via oxidative polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of MnO_(2)nanotubes,followed by the hydrothermal treatment of graphene oxide and MnO_(2)@polypyrrole coaxial nanotubes.The stable composite hydrogel with a hierarchical network was composed of one-dimensional MnO_(2)@polypyrrole coaxial nanotube and two-dimensional graphene nanosheet and characterized by scanning electron microscope,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements.The composite hydrogel can be used as an efficient adsorbent for Cr(Ⅵ)removal due to the synergistic interaction between graphene and MnO_(2)@polypyrrole and the hierarchical structure of the hydrogel.Moreover,the composite hydrogel is easily separated because of its stable monolith,and it is reusable(76.8%of removal ability remaining after five adsorption-desorption cycles).The simple fabrication and cost-effective separation process together with the excellent absorption performance endow the composite hydrogel with great potential for practical wastewater treatment.

TiO2-PES Fibrous Composite Material for Ammonia Removal Using UV-A Photocatalyst

This study focused on the development and characterization of TiO2-PES composite fibers with varying TiO2 loading amounts using a phase inversion process. The resulting composite fibers exhibited a sponge-like structure with embedded TiO2 nanoparticles within a polymer matrix. Their photocatalytic performance for ammonia removal from aqueous solutions under UV-A light exposure was thoroughly investigated. The findings revealed that PeTi8 composite fibers displayed superior adsorption capacity compared to other samples. Moreover, the study explored the impact of pH, light intensity, and catalyst dosage on the photocatalytic degradation of ammonia. Adsorption equilibrium isotherms closely followed the Langmuir model, with the results indicating a correlation between qm values of 2.49 mg/g and the porous structure of the adsorbents. The research underscored the efficacy of TiO2 composite fibers in the photocatalytic removal of aqueous under UV-A light. Notably, increasing the distance between the photocatalyst and the light source resulted in de-creased hydroxyl radical concentration, influencing photocatalytic efficiency. These findings contribute to our understanding of TiO2 composite fibers as promising photocatalysts for ammonia removal in water treatment applications.

好氧堆肥对生物炭理化性质及吸附Cd^(2+)稳定性的影响

生物炭可作为畜禽粪污好氧堆肥中去除重金属的功能材料,但堆体内部复杂的环境变化会影响生物炭的理化性质,从而影响其对重金属吸附的稳定性。将普通秸秆生物炭(BC)和磁性秸秆生物炭(FBC)置于牛粪中进行30 d好氧堆肥试验,研究两种生物炭基本理化性质及对Cd^(2+)吸附稳定性的影响。结果表明:堆肥处理使BC和FBC的比表面积分别增加20.56%和76.64%,总孔容分别下降2.36%和3.70%,平均孔径分别下降19.17%和46.54%,表面官能团发生变化,FBC的饱和磁化强度下降43.67%。堆肥后,饱和吸附Cd^(2+)的两种生物炭BC和FBC的TCLP提取态Cd(TCLP-Cd)占比和TCLP提取液pH(TCLP-pH)均呈下降趋势,其中TCLP-Cd占比分别从28.31%和22.85%显著下降至26.76%和13.85%(P<0.05),TCLP-pH分别从3.66和3.29显著下降至3.51和3.14。综上,堆肥老化改变了两种生物炭的理化性质,降低了其酸可提取态Cd的含量,提高了其吸附Cd 2+的稳定性,且FBC中Cd^(2+)的稳定性更强。

羧甲基改性沙柳木粉膜吸附Cd^(2+)的性能研究

沙柳木粉(SPP)经醚化反应制备成羧甲基沙柳木粉(CMS)。将CMS溶解到1-丙烯基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐(AMIMJCI)和二甲基亚砜(DMSO)中,采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)为成膜剂,制备羧甲基沙柳木粉膜(CMSM)。探究在不同吸附条件下CMSM对Cd^(2+)的吸附性能。采用FTIR、SEM、XRD和XPS对CMSM进行表征。吸附结果表明:Cd^(2+)初始浓度为800mg·L^(-1),pH值为5,吸附时间105min,吸附温度35℃时,CMSM对Cd^(2+)的吸附效果最佳。表征结果表明:0-H、-COOH、-C-O-C-、-CH_(2)、-NH_(2),基团参与吸附Cd^(2+)的反应。CMSM表面比较疏松,有孔隙,成狭缝型。CMSM晶体内部变得蓬松,Cd^(2+)更容易被CMSM吸附。CMSM对Cd^(2+)的吸附属于多分子层吸附,同时存在化学吸附和物理吸附,且以化学吸附为主,准二级动力学模型和Freundlich等温线模型与其吸附过程相符合。

电化学快速合成UiO-66及构建电化学传感器检测Cd^(2+)

由于目前合成UiO-66需要高温和长时的苛刻条件,本文采用电化学方法,在无需添加锆盐、常温和2 h的条件下快速合成出UiO-66,并用其制备UiO-66/玻碳电极(GCE)构建电化学传感器检测Cd^(2+)。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、 X射线衍射(XRD)和比表面积(BET)的表征及分析可知,合成的UiO-66为菱形十二面体结构,结晶度良好,比表面积较大,可达到1 054.455 m^(2)/g,总孔隙体积为0.709 cm3/g。同时,探索出最佳检测条件为:NaAc-HAc缓冲溶液pH值为5、富集电压为-1.0 V、富集时间为120 s。在最佳检测条件下,基于UiO-66构建的电化学传感器对Cd~(2+)的检测灵敏度为4.10 AM^(-1),最低检测限为0.037μM,显示出较好的检测Cd^(2+)性能,并且具有良好的重现性、稳定性和抗干扰性。回收实验表明,检测实际汾河水样效果良好。

课程实践融入《试验设计与数据处理》教学--改性花生壳吸附剂的制备及其对重金属Cd^(2+)的吸附性能研究

随着我国提出新工科建设路线,结合地方高校(贺州学院)的地域特色和应用型人才的培养目标,本文通过课程考核形式,设计一个利用花生壳为原料制备出改性花生壳吸附剂(MPS)的试验。学生通过对吸附剂的合成、表征、试验设计和数据分析等环节,将《试验设计与数据处理》课程中所学知识应用到实际试验中,加深对课程知识的理解,锻炼其实际应用能力。

Cd^(2+)浓度对好氧颗粒污泥EPS各组分形成的影响

为探究重金属Cd^(2+)对好氧颗粒污泥系统运行的影响,采用紫外分析法和三维荧光光谱分析法研究了SBR反应器中不同浓度的重金属Cd^(2+)对好氧颗粒污泥EPS总量以及各组分(LB-EPS、SB-EPS、TB-EPS)的产生与组成成分的影响。试验结果表明:低浓度Cd^(2+)(小于0.1mg/L)促进EPS的产生,高浓度Cd^(2+)(大于3mg/L)抑制EPS的产生;SB-EPS随着Cd^(2+)浓度的增加逐渐减少,其中蛋白质含量增加,多糖、腐殖酸明显减少;当Cd^(2+)浓度小于0.1mg/L时TB-EPS显著增加,其中主要增加的成分是蛋白质;当Cd^(2+)浓度大于3mg/L时,TB-EPS的分泌受到抑制,但蛋白质含量仍高于空白对照组,多糖、腐殖酸含量显著降低;LB-EPS受到的影响因素较多,其含量变化不规律。采用扩展DLVO理论剖析了EPS各组分含量的变化对好氧颗粒污泥沉降性能的影响,以期为好氧颗粒化技术在工业废水处理中的应用提供有力的支持。

粉煤灰基P型沸石吸附水中Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)

以粉煤灰(FA)为原料经水热反应合成了P型沸石(Z-P).采用X射线荧光光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、场发射环境扫描电子显微镜、比表面孔径分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和X射线光电子能谱对Z-P进行表征,并研究了其对Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的吸附性能.结果表明,Z-P的BET比表面积和孔隙体积分别为38.46m^(2)/g和0.2180cm^(3)/g,均高于FA的1.273m^(2)/g和0.0120cm^(3)/g.FA、Z-P对Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的吸附更符合拟二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温线模型.Z-P对Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的最大吸附量分别为157.48,131.57mg/g,远高于于FA的30.88,25.47mg/g.Z-P对Cd^(2+)的循环再生吸附效果好,但对Cu^(2+)的循环再生吸附效果较差.离子强度对Z-P吸附Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)分别起促进和抑制作用.表明Z-P可以作为有效且廉价的Cu^(2+)、Cd^(2+)吸附剂,为FA的资源化利用和含Cu^(2+)、Cd^(2+)重金属离子废水吸附剂的开发提供了一种方法.

虾青素对镉离子(Cd^(2+))诱导下斑马鱼胚胎抗氧化指标的影响

(28.0±0.5)℃下,将100个产后1 h的斑马鱼(Danio rerio)胚胎放在120 mm培养皿中,暴露在<0.02%浓度的二甲基亚砜(DMSO,对照组)、50μg/L Cd^(2+)(低浓度暴露组)、500μg/L Cd^(2+)(高浓度暴露组)和Cd^(2+)+雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)虾青素AST联合暴露组(50μg/L Cd^(2+)+100μg/L AST组和500μg/L Cd^(2+)+100μg/L AST组)5个处理组中,120 h后测定斑马鱼幼鱼活性氧(ROS)、丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽酶(GSH)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),研究重金属镉离子(Cd^(2+))暴露下斑马鱼胚胎的抗氧化响应,探讨AST对斑马鱼机体氧化损伤的缓解效果。结果表明,斑马鱼胚胎Cd^(2+)暴露120 h后,体内活性氧(ROS)和丙二醛(MDA)含量随着Cd^(2+)浓度的升高而增加;GSH含量、SOD和T-AOC的活性随着Cd^(2+)浓度的增加而降低。说明Cd^(2+)可诱导斑马鱼机体出现氧化应激和氧化损伤。添加AST后,斑马鱼幼鱼体内ROS和MDA含量下降,GSH含量、SOD和T-AOC活性上升,说明添加AST可在一定程度上缓解重金属Cd^(2+)对斑马鱼体内抗氧化指标的负面影响。本研究结果可为AST作为新型鱼类饲料添加剂提供理论依据。

复配修饰新疆灰漠土对Cd^(2+)的吸附性能研究

选用了两性离子型表面活性剂BS和阴离子型表面活性剂SDS,按照不同比例量配比,对新疆灰漠土进行了修饰,制备了8种修饰土样,以未经修饰的原土样(CK)为对照,在同样条件下分别对重金属离子Cd^(2+)的吸附性能进行了测试,通过Langmuir等温吸附模型描述Cd^(2+)在灰漠土中的吸附特征,结果表明以两性-阴离子表面活性剂体系复配修饰新疆灰漠土能够显著提升其对重金属离子Cd^(2+)的吸附性能。

ITO电极在水中超低水平Cd^(2+)检测中的应用

为了检测水质中痕量水平的Cd^(2+),以氧化铟锡(ITO)薄膜电极为工作电极,铂片和饱和甘汞电极(SCE)分别为对电极和参比电极,构建了针对Cd^(2+)的化学传感器。采用差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)对构筑的化学传感器在含Cd^(2+)的乙酸溶液(pH=4.5)中的灵敏度、选择性、检出限和长期稳定性进行了评价。研究结果表明,所构筑的化学传感平台对Cd^(2+)的灵敏度为24.61μA/μmol/L,Cd^(2+)的校准曲线方程为Y=24.61X+11.145,相关系数(R2)为0.994,检出限(LOD)为0.06μmol/L;干扰性实验结果表明,Zn^(2+)、Cu^(2+)、Pb^(2+)、Ag^(+)4种金属离子对Cd^(2+)的检测干扰较小;稳定性实验结果表明,所构建的针对Cd^(2+)的化学传感器具有良好的稳定性;实际水样检测表明,构建的化学传感器可以用来对自来水中Cd^(2+)进行检测。研究显示,所构建的针对Cd^(2+)的化学传感器可以用来检测水质中痕量Cd^(2+)。

茶梗基活性炭的制备及其对水中重金属Cd^(2+)的吸附

以茶梗为原料,通过氯化锌活化-高温炭化法制备茶梗基活性炭,并以静态吸附法去除模拟废水中的Cd^(2+).考察吸附剂用量、Cd^(2+)初始质量浓度、溶液初始pH值等对茶梗基活性炭吸附Cd^(2+)效果的影响;通过红外光谱测定吸附前后的茶梗基活性炭的表面结构、吸附动力学及等吸附温模型拟合,结果表明,茶梗基活性炭对Cd^(2+)的吸附符合准二级动力学模型及Langmuir吸附等温模型.正交实验得出,茶梗基活性炭对Cd^(2+)吸附的最佳实验条件.

黑孢藻粉对Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的吸附特性研究

重金属污染对水生态系统的影响日益严重,利用藻类去除水体中的重金属,已越来越受到研究者的关注。本研究以黑孢藻粉为生物吸附材料,探究其对Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的吸附作用。通过分批实验研究不同的pH、温度、初始离子浓度、吸附时间对黑孢藻粉吸附效果的影响,并采用动力学、热力学、等温模型对吸附特性进行探讨。结果表明,黑孢藻粉在pH为6和7时对Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的吸附效果最佳,吸附量可达13.0 mg/g和13.4 mg/g;随着初始离子浓度的增加,黑孢藻粉对Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的吸附量逐渐升高,当浓度为100 mg/L时,吸附量分别为26.7 mg/g和22.9 mg/g;升温可促进黑孢藻粉吸附Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+),在30℃时对两种离子的吸附量均大于11.0 mg/g。热力学研究表明黑孢藻粉对Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的吸附为吸热反应;等温线分析显示黑孢藻粉吸附Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的过程分别符合Freundlich和Langmuir模型;Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的准二级动力学模型拟合效果较好,相关系数均大于0.9,即吸附过程受化学反应控制。

硝酸改性显著提高花生壳生物炭对Cd^(2+)的去除能力

本研究采用热分解的方法制备花生壳生物炭,并用乙醇、硝酸和高锰酸钾溶液对其进行改性。分别研究不同方法改性后生物炭吸附Cd^(2+)的性能对初始浓度、吸附时间和pH的响应特征并通过吸附热力学和动力学探索吸附机理。结果表明,改性后的花生壳生物炭对Cd^(2+)的吸附量和去除率明显提高。在花生壳投加量一定的情况下,综合分析得知硝酸改性后对Cd2+吸附效果最佳,吸附量为48.47 mg/g,去除率为96.94%。最佳条件为:Cd^(2+)初始浓度200 mg/L,pH为7,吸附时间120 min。

Highly Selective Electrocatalytic CuEDTA Reduction by MoS_(2) Nanosheets for Efficient Pollutant Removal and Simultaneous Electric Power Output

Electrocatalytic reduction of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid copper(CuEDTA),a typical refractory heavy metal complexation pollutant,is an environmental benign method that operates at mild condition.Unfortunately,the selective reduction of CuEDTA is still a big challenge in cathodic process.In this work,we report a MoS_(2) nanosheet/graphite felt(GF)cathode,which achieves an average Faraday efficiency of 29.6%and specific removal rate(SRR)of 0.042 mol/cm^(2)/h for CuEDTA at−0.65 V vs SCE(saturated calomel electrode),both of which are much higher than those of the commonly reported electrooxidation technology-based removal systems.Moreover,a proofof-concept CuEDTA/Zn battery with Zn anode and MoS_(2)/GF cathode is demonstrated,which has bifunctions of simultaneous CuEDTA removal and energy output.This is one of the pioneer studies on the electrocatalytic reduction of heavy metal complex and CuEDTA/Zn battery,which brings new insights in developing efficient electrocatalytic reduction system for pollution control and energy output.

Controllably partial removal of thiolate ligands from unsupported Au_(25) nanoclusters by rapid thermal treatments for electrochemical CO_(2)reduction

Colloidal synthesis of metal nanoclusters will inevitably lead to the blockage of catalytically active sites by organic ligands.Here,taking[Au_(25)(PET)_(18)]-(PET=2-phenylethanethiol)nanocluster as a model catalyst,this work reports a feasible procedure to achieve the controllably partial removal of thiolate ligands from unsupported[Au_(25)(PET)_(18)]-nanoclusters with the preservation of the core structure.This procedure shortens the processing duration by rapid heating and cooling on the basis of traditional annealing treatment,avoiding the reconfiguration or agglomeration of Au_(25)nanoclusters,where the degree of dethiolation can be regulated by the control of duration.This work finds that a moderate degree of dethiolation can expose the Au active sites while maintaining the suppression of the competing hydrogen evolution reaction.Consequently,the activity and selectivity towards CO formation in electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction of Au_(25)nanoclusters can be promoted.This work provides a new approach for the removal of thiolate ligands from atomically precise gold nanoclusters.

Cd^(2+) removal from wastewater by sulfate reducing bacteria with an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor

A process of treatment for containing Cd 2+ wastewater by sulfate reducing bacteria with upflow anaerobic fluidized bed reactor has been studied. When the concentration of COD and Cd 2+ in the influent were 270 5mg/L and 100mg/L respectively and hydraulic retention time was 4 hours, the removal rate of COD and Cd 2+ were higher than 73 8% and 99 8% respectively. The reactor can treat as high as 1000mg/L of concentration of Cd 2+ . The highest removal velocity rate of Cd 2+ reached 2999 1mg/(L·d). And the possible relationship between sulfate reducing bacteria and methanogenic bacteria was discussed.

多胺化核桃壳对Cd^(2+)的吸附性能研究

采用超支化聚乙烯亚胺(HBPEI)改性核桃壳(多胺化核桃壳)处理含Cd^(2+)模拟废水。考察了pH、多胺化核桃壳质量浓度、Cd^(2+)溶液初始质量浓度以及吸附时间对Cd^(2+)吸附行为的影响。结果发现:多胺化核桃壳在pH为9.5时,吸附量达到最大,吸附达到平衡的时间为120 min。吸附过程具有准二级动力学的特征,且以化学吸附为主,为单层吸附。当吸附温度在25℃、Cd^(2+)初始质量浓度为1 000 mg/L时,多胺化核桃壳对Cd^(2+)的吸附量可达640.16 mg/g,远远高于相同条件下未改性核桃壳对Cd^(2+)的吸附量(166.96 mg/g),显示其超强的吸附能力。经过5次吸附-解吸附-再吸附后,多胺化核桃壳对Cd^(2+)的去除率仍保持在90%以上,说明吸附剂具有很好的可循环性。

不同热解温度牛骨生物炭特征及对Cd^(2+)的吸附

本文研究了不同热解温度条件下牛骨生物炭理化性质及对Cd^(2+)的吸附特性,采用限氧控温慢速热裂解的方式,在300、350、400、500、700℃和900℃条件下制备牛骨生物炭。分别采用热重分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱以及扫描电镜能谱仪等设备对牛骨生物炭进行表征,并通过批量吸附实验分析其对Cd^(2+)的吸附特性。结果表明:牛骨生物炭pH值、灰分含量随热解温度提高而增加,芳构度逐渐增强,孔径与比表面积增大,而挥发分、有机碳含量与全氮含量减少;准二级动力学模型可以准确拟合5种牛骨生物炭对Cd^(2+)的吸附动力学过程(R2>0.999),在接近吸附平衡时,吸附速率由颗粒内扩散主导;牛骨生物炭对Cd^(2+)等温吸附过程更符合Langmuir模型,700℃条件下制备的牛骨生物炭对Cd^(2+)的吸附效果最好,最大平衡吸附量为44.32 mg·g^(-1);随着热解温度增加,牛骨生物炭对Cd^(2+)吸附机制中官能团络合作用减弱,表面吸附、阳离子交换以及π电子配位作用增大。在实际规模化制备牛骨生物炭过程中应充分考虑能耗成本以及尾气收集问题。

Salt-assisted Synthesis of Hollow Bi_2WO_6 Microspheres with Superior Photocatalytic Activity for NO Removal

Hollow Bi2WO6 microspheres are successfully synthesized by a facile ultrasonic spray pyrolysis（USP） method using NaCl as a salt template.The as-prepared hollow microspheres assembled as nanoplates with dimensions of approximately 41-148 nm and are dispersed with non-uniform pores on the template surface.By swapping the salt template with KC1 or Na2SO4,different morphologies of Bi2WO6 are obtained.The experimental results demonstrate that NaCl plays a key role on the formation of Bi2WO6 with hollow structures.The specific growth mechanism of hollow microspheres was studied in detail.The Bi2WO6 hollow microspheres exhibit an excellent photocatalytic efficiency for NO removal under solar light irradiation,which is 1.73 times higher than for the Bi2WO6 obtained in the absence of any salt template.This enhancement can be ascribed to the simultaneous improvement on the surface area and visible light-harvesting ability from the hollow structures.Electron spin resonance（ESR） results suggest that both radicals of ·OH and ·O2^- are involved in the photocatalytic process over the BWO-NaCl sample.The production of ·O2^- radicals offers better durability for NO removal.