FLUENT软件在扁平扇形喷嘴设计中的应用

应用FLUENT流体仿真软件,对扁平扇形喷嘴的流量特性进行了模拟,并将所得结果与实验结果进行了比较。结果发现用FLUENT软件模拟喷嘴流量特性,进而确定流量系数Cd精确度很高,完全可以代替实验的方法。这样就为扁平扇形喷嘴,甚至其它类型喷嘴的设计提供了确定流量系数Cd的新方法。

Effects of the Percolation Patterns and the Thickness of Soil Dressing on Reducing Cadmium Uptake and and Yields of Rice Plants （Oryza Sativa L.）

The objective of this study is to clarify the effects of the thickness of soil dressing, the percolation patterns of plowsole and subsoil on reducing cadmium （Cd） uptake, and growth and yields of rice plants. Six stratified paddy field models, three patterns of soil dressing layer and two percolation patterns were used for the experiments. These models had 12.5 cm, 15.0 cm and 25.0 cm thickness of soil dressing layer and 15 cm thickness of underlying polluted soil layer, whose Cd concentration was about 1.81 mg·kg^-1. As a result Cd concentration of brown rice was lower than 0.04 mg·kg^-1 for the models with the close system percolation, while that in the open system percolation models were lower than 0.17 mg.kgl.When the thickness of soil dressing became lower, Cd concentrations with the open system percolation models showed significantly higher values than those of the other models （5% of significant level）. But any significant difference was not found in the growth and yield among these models. As above mentioned, it was found that Cd concentration in rice grains was affected by the thickness of soil dressing and percolation patterns.

β–氨基丁酸对Cd胁迫下菊花生理特性的影响

为探究β–氨基丁酸(BABA)能否缓解Cd胁迫对菊花生长和生理代谢的毒害作用,以耐Cd型菊花品种‘钟山金葵’和Cd敏感型菊花品种‘钟山丹桂’为试验材料,用1/2Hogland营养液培养,研究了200μmol·L-1 Cd单独处理和200μmol·L-1 Cd+0.2 mmol·L-1 BABA处理下两个品种的生长、生物量、Cd积累和转运、根尖Cd流量以及叶片MDA含量、相对电导率、叶绿素含量、脯氨酸含量的变化。结果表明:Cd胁迫抑制菊花的生长和叶绿素的合成,破坏细胞膜结构的完整性,引起膜脂过氧化伤害。耐Cd品种‘钟山金葵’的膜脂过氧化程度较低,细胞膜的完整性较好,能快速、大量地合成渗透调节物质(脯氨酸)来减轻Cd胁迫的毒害作用。BABA能改善Cd胁迫下菊花的生长,缓解Cd胁迫对株高、根长和生物量的抑制作用。BABA还可减缓Cd胁迫下叶片MDA含量的增加和相对电导率的升高,但并不增加脯氨酸的含量。耐Cd品种‘钟山金葵’根尖Cd离子流量大于Cd敏感型品种‘钟山丹桂’,能积累较多的Cd,并可以利用老叶贮存Cd,且受害程度较低。BABA能促进Cd胁迫下根系对Cd的吸收及其向地上部的转运,但对Cd在地上部不同叶位中的分布无影响。BABA处理可以促进菊花对Cd污染土壤的修复。