Cr-doped CdS nanowires were synthesized in large scale through thermal co-evaporation of CdS and metal Cr powders. General morphology, detailed microstructure and optical properties were characterized using various te...Cr-doped CdS nanowires were synthesized in large scale through thermal co-evaporation of CdS and metal Cr powders. General morphology, detailed microstructure and optical properties were characterized using various techniques. Devices consisting of individual Cr-doped CdS nanowire were fabricated and they exhibited remarkable rectifying characteristics. Ⅰ-Ⅴ curves of individual Cr-doped CdS nanowire devices demonstrate that the present nanowires are n-type doped and have high conductivity （10.96 Ω^-1cm^-1）, indicating great potential applications in nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices.展开更多
The title complex [Cd（IPA）L（H2O）]n（1,H2IPA = isophthalic acid,L = 1,4-bis（pyra-zole-1-ylmethyl）benzene） has been hydrothermally synthesized,and characterized by elemental analyses,IR spectroscopy,TGA and X-ray...The title complex [Cd（IPA）L（H2O）]n（1,H2IPA = isophthalic acid,L = 1,4-bis（pyra-zole-1-ylmethyl）benzene） has been hydrothermally synthesized,and characterized by elemental analyses,IR spectroscopy,TGA and X-ray single-crystal diffraction.It crystallizes in the triclinic system,space group P1 with a = 9.3060（6）,b = 10.2374（7）,c = 11.9706（8） ？,α = 73.804（6）,β = 77.883（5）,γ = 85.942（5）°,V = 1070.7（1） ？3,Z = 2,C22H20CdN4O5,Mr = 532.82,Dc = 1.653 g/cm3,μ = 1.062 mm-1,λ（MoKα） = 0.71073 ？,F（000） = 536,R = 0.0392 and wR = 0.0640 for 3751 observed reflections with I 2σ（I）.Crystal structure analysis showed that complex 1 has a 1D double chain structure,which is assembled together through strong O-H...O hydrogen bonding interactions between coordinated water molecules and carboxylate groups of isophthalate to form a 2D supramolecular network.In addition,the solid-state fluorescent spectrum of 1 exhibits strong emission at 364 nm.展开更多
Following are the comments for the queries raised by Prof. Pawel E. Tomaszewski on our published paper entitled ＂Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties of Zn-Doped CdO Thin Films Fabricated by a Simplified Sp...Following are the comments for the queries raised by Prof. Pawel E. Tomaszewski on our published paper entitled ＂Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties of Zn-Doped CdO Thin Films Fabricated by a Simplified Spray Pyrolysis Technique＂ by K. Usharani and A.R. Balu published in Acta Metall. Sin.展开更多
Two novel complexes, namely {[Cd（AIP）（4,4＇-bpy）]·1.3DMF}n（1） and [Cd（AIP）（2,2＇- bpy）]n（2）, have been synthesized through solvothermal reaction（H2AIP = 5-aminoisophthalic acid, 2,2＇-bpy = 2,2＇-bip...Two novel complexes, namely {[Cd（AIP）（4,4＇-bpy）]·1.3DMF}n（1） and [Cd（AIP）（2,2＇- bpy）]n（2）, have been synthesized through solvothermal reaction（H2AIP = 5-aminoisophthalic acid, 2,2＇-bpy = 2,2＇-bipyridine, 4,4＇-bpy = 4,4＇-bipyridine, and DMF = N,N＇-dimethylformamide） and structurally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 shows a three-dimensional（3D） layer-pillar framework with rectangular channels, while complex 2 displays a two-dimensional（2D） wave net architecture. Furthermore, 1 and 2 were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra（IR）, thermal gravimetric analyses（TGA） and fluorescence measurements. The luminescent properties of 1 dispersed in various organic solvents have been investigated systematically, demonstrating high selectivity for acetone via the fluorescence quenching effect.展开更多
The commented paper [1] presents the results on structural, optical, and electrical properties of Zn-doped CdO thin films. Unfortunately, there are several mistakes and errors not found by any of referees. It is neces...The commented paper [1] presents the results on structural, optical, and electrical properties of Zn-doped CdO thin films. Unfortunately, there are several mistakes and errors not found by any of referees. It is necessary to show these mistakes or misleading statements to avoid their use in the future papers by authors and other peoples.展开更多
Because of their unique mechanical and electrical properties,zinc oxide(ZnO)nanowires are used widely in microscopic and nanoscopic devices and structures,but characterizing them remains challenging.In this paper,two ...Because of their unique mechanical and electrical properties,zinc oxide(ZnO)nanowires are used widely in microscopic and nanoscopic devices and structures,but characterizing them remains challenging.In this paper,two pick-up strategies are proposed for characterizing the electrical properties of ZnO nanowires using SEM equipped with a nanomanipulator.To pick up nanowires efficiently,direct sampling is compared with electrification fusing,and experiments show that direct sampling is more stable while electrification fusing is more efficient.ZnO nanowires have cut-off properties,and good Schottky contact with the tungsten probes was established.In piezoelectric experiments,the maximum piezoelectric voltage generated by an individual ZnO nanowire was 0.07 V,and its impedance decreased with increasing input signal frequency until it became stable.This work offers a technical reference for the pick-up and construction of nanomaterials and nanogeneration technology.展开更多
Two new complexes based on 6-hydroxypicolinic acid(H_2picO) and 1,10-phenanthroline(phen), such as [Cu_4(picO)_4(phen)_4]·12 H_2O(1) and {[Cd_4(picO)_4(phen)_4(H_2O)_2]·5H_2O}_n(2), have been synthesized and...Two new complexes based on 6-hydroxypicolinic acid(H_2picO) and 1,10-phenanthroline(phen), such as [Cu_4(picO)_4(phen)_4]·12 H_2O(1) and {[Cd_4(picO)_4(phen)_4(H_2O)_2]·5H_2O}_n(2), have been synthesized and characterized by IR, elemental analyses, thermogravimetric analyses and X-ray diffraction technique. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the two complexes both crystallize in the triclinic system, space group P(16)-. For complex 1, the picO ligands adopt a tridentate coordination mode to link copper(Ⅱ) ions into dimmers. PicO ligands also adopt a tridentate mode in complex 2, which connects the cadmium(Ⅱ) to form a one-dimensional chain. Moreover, luminescent properties of 1 and 2 were also investigated.展开更多
Complex [Mn（tce） 0.5（H2O） 4]（1） was obtained from Mn（OAc） 2 and tce,where tce is 1,1,2,2-tetracarboxyl-ethane. The structure of 1 is a single molecule,in which Mn（II） is a distorted octahedron coordinated to...Complex [Mn（tce） 0.5（H2O） 4]（1） was obtained from Mn（OAc） 2 and tce,where tce is 1,1,2,2-tetracarboxyl-ethane. The structure of 1 is a single molecule,in which Mn（II） is a distorted octahedron coordinated to six oxygen atoms. Complex [Cd（tce） 0.5（H2O） 3]（H2O） （2） fea-tures a pillared layer architecture. The Cd（II） atom is in an octahedral environment coordinated by six oxygen donors from water molecules and tce ligands. Cd（II） atoms are interlinked by the tce ligand to generate a 2-D wavelike layer. The layers are strutted by the intermolecular O-H···O hydrogen bonds to form a 3-D open framework. Luminescence property of complex 2 was investigated. Magnetic property of complex 1 was also studied. 1 belongs to triclinic,space group P1 with a = 6.2901（12） ,b = 8.0212（15） ,c = 8.0769（15） A,α = 108.522（3） ,β = 95.068（3） ,γ = 97.086（3） °,V = 379.92（12）A^3,Mr = 456.08,Dc = 1.993 g/cm^3,F（000） = 232,μ = 1.748 mm^-1,Z = 1,the final R = 0.0297 and wR = 0.0731 for 1575 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I） . 2 is of monoclinic system,space group P21/c with a = 6.4367（14） ,b = 9.495（2） ,c = 13.907（3）A,β = 117.405（8） °,V = 754.6（3） A^3,Mr = 285.51,Dc = 2.513 g/cm^3,F（000） = 556,μ = 2.905 mm^-1,Z = 4,the final R = 0.0375 and wR = 0.0737 for 1521 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）.展开更多
Based on a 3-（pyridine-2-yl）-4H-1,2,4-triazole ligand（Hpytr）, one 2D Cd（Ⅱ） coordination polymer [Cd I（pytr）]n（1） and one 2D Mn（Ⅱ） coordination polymer [Mn（N3）（pytr）（H2O）]n（2） have been synthesize...Based on a 3-（pyridine-2-yl）-4H-1,2,4-triazole ligand（Hpytr）, one 2D Cd（Ⅱ） coordination polymer [Cd I（pytr）]n（1） and one 2D Mn（Ⅱ） coordination polymer [Mn（N3）（pytr）（H2O）]n（2） have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography, elemental analysis, and fluorescence spectroscopy. 1 shows a layer coordination architecture linked by pytr ligand, and the Cd（Ⅱ） centers display slightly distorted square pyramid coordination geometries. Complex 2 shows a 2D pillared-layer coordination architecture bridged by N3-and pytr, and the Mn（Ⅱ） centers display slightly distorted octahedral geometries. The luminescent properties of 1 and the PXRD and thermal stability of complexes 1 and 2 were measured briefly.展开更多
A new Cd（Ⅱ） coordination polymer, namely, [Cd（1,3-bip）（3,5-pdc）]n （1,3-bip = 1,3-bis（imidazol）propane and 3,5-pdc = pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid） has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Compou...A new Cd（Ⅱ） coordination polymer, namely, [Cd（1,3-bip）（3,5-pdc）]n （1,3-bip = 1,3-bis（imidazol）propane and 3,5-pdc = pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid） has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Compound 1 was characterized by infrared spectrum, elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction （PXRD） and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 1.40178（7）, b = 1.72502（12）, c = 1.41635（6） ran, β = 92.653（4）°, V = 3.4212（3） nm3, Z = 4, C16HIsCdNsO4, Mr = 453.73, Dc = 1.762 g/cm3, F（000） = 1808,μ = 1.310 mm1, R = 0.0899 and wR = 0.1945. In compound 1, each 3,5-pdc ligand links three Cd（lI） ions and each Cd（Ⅱ） attaches to bip ligands to form a complicated 2D double-layer structure. In addition, the thermal stability and luminescent property of 1 have been studied in the solid state at room temperature.展开更多
A new Cd（Ⅱ） complex（[Cd（H2PIDC）2]n） with singly deprotonated 2-propyl-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylate as bridging ligand was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction method.Crystal data：monoclinic,space ...A new Cd（Ⅱ） complex（[Cd（H2PIDC）2]n） with singly deprotonated 2-propyl-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylate as bridging ligand was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction method.Crystal data：monoclinic,space group P21/c,with a=8.2547（11）,b=10.7071（15）,c=13.9131（14）A,β=126.164（5）o,V=992.8（2）A^3,C16H18N4O8Cd,Mr=506.74,Z=2,Dc=1.695g/cm^3,F（000）=508,μ=1.151 mm^-1,R=0.0296 and wR=0.0812 for 1581 observed reflections.Singly deprotonated ligands（H2PIDC-） act as μ3-bridge and join the Cd（Ⅱ） atoms into a 2-D layer structure.The 2-D layers are further linked by intermolecular hydrogen bonds into a 3D network.The luminescent property of the complex was also investigated.展开更多
Silkworm silk fbers have been woven into textiles for thousands of years,because of their attractive luster,good mechanical properties,excellent biocompatibility,and large-scale production.With the development of huma...Silkworm silk fbers have been woven into textiles for thousands of years,because of their attractive luster,good mechanical properties,excellent biocompatibility,and large-scale production.With the development of human society,preparation of silk fbers with modifed or enhanced properties are highly desirable for potential applications in structural materials and smart textiles.Herein,we realized the reinforcement of multiple properties of silk fbers by feeding silkworms with Ag nanowire(Ag NW)modifed diets.The obtained silk fbers show obviously enhanced comprehensive mechanical properties,including improved tensile strength,elongation at break,tensile modulus,and toughness,which are increased by 37.2%,37.6%,68.3%,and 69.8%,respectively.Furthermore,compared with unmodifed silk,the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of modifed silk fbers are improved by 246.4%and 32.1%,respectively.The analysis on the components and structure shows that the incorporated Ag NWs lead to increased content of random coil/α-helix,improved orientation of crystallites,and increased content of Ag compared to pristine silk fbers,which may contribute to the enhanced mechanical,electrical,and thermal properties.展开更多
基金Project supported by the key project of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation （Grant No Z605131） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No 60571029）. Tang Wei-Hua was supported by the 100-outstanding Talents Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Creative Research Group of National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No 60321001）.
文摘Cr-doped CdS nanowires were synthesized in large scale through thermal co-evaporation of CdS and metal Cr powders. General morphology, detailed microstructure and optical properties were characterized using various techniques. Devices consisting of individual Cr-doped CdS nanowire were fabricated and they exhibited remarkable rectifying characteristics. Ⅰ-Ⅴ curves of individual Cr-doped CdS nanowire devices demonstrate that the present nanowires are n-type doped and have high conductivity （10.96 Ω^-1cm^-1）, indicating great potential applications in nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices.
文摘The title complex [Cd（IPA）L（H2O）]n（1,H2IPA = isophthalic acid,L = 1,4-bis（pyra-zole-1-ylmethyl）benzene） has been hydrothermally synthesized,and characterized by elemental analyses,IR spectroscopy,TGA and X-ray single-crystal diffraction.It crystallizes in the triclinic system,space group P1 with a = 9.3060（6）,b = 10.2374（7）,c = 11.9706（8） ？,α = 73.804（6）,β = 77.883（5）,γ = 85.942（5）°,V = 1070.7（1） ？3,Z = 2,C22H20CdN4O5,Mr = 532.82,Dc = 1.653 g/cm3,μ = 1.062 mm-1,λ（MoKα） = 0.71073 ？,F（000） = 536,R = 0.0392 and wR = 0.0640 for 3751 observed reflections with I 2σ（I）.Crystal structure analysis showed that complex 1 has a 1D double chain structure,which is assembled together through strong O-H...O hydrogen bonding interactions between coordinated water molecules and carboxylate groups of isophthalate to form a 2D supramolecular network.In addition,the solid-state fluorescent spectrum of 1 exhibits strong emission at 364 nm.
文摘Following are the comments for the queries raised by Prof. Pawel E. Tomaszewski on our published paper entitled ＂Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties of Zn-Doped CdO Thin Films Fabricated by a Simplified Spray Pyrolysis Technique＂ by K. Usharani and A.R. Balu published in Acta Metall. Sin.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21501178)Natural Science Funds of Fujian Province(No.2014H0055)for financial support of this work
文摘Two novel complexes, namely {[Cd（AIP）（4,4＇-bpy）]·1.3DMF}n（1） and [Cd（AIP）（2,2＇- bpy）]n（2）, have been synthesized through solvothermal reaction（H2AIP = 5-aminoisophthalic acid, 2,2＇-bpy = 2,2＇-bipyridine, 4,4＇-bpy = 4,4＇-bipyridine, and DMF = N,N＇-dimethylformamide） and structurally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 shows a three-dimensional（3D） layer-pillar framework with rectangular channels, while complex 2 displays a two-dimensional（2D） wave net architecture. Furthermore, 1 and 2 were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra（IR）, thermal gravimetric analyses（TGA） and fluorescence measurements. The luminescent properties of 1 dispersed in various organic solvents have been investigated systematically, demonstrating high selectivity for acetone via the fluorescence quenching effect.
文摘The commented paper [1] presents the results on structural, optical, and electrical properties of Zn-doped CdO thin films. Unfortunately, there are several mistakes and errors not found by any of referees. It is necessary to show these mistakes or misleading statements to avoid their use in the future papers by authors and other peoples.
基金supported by the Research Fund Program of the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology。
文摘Because of their unique mechanical and electrical properties,zinc oxide(ZnO)nanowires are used widely in microscopic and nanoscopic devices and structures,but characterizing them remains challenging.In this paper,two pick-up strategies are proposed for characterizing the electrical properties of ZnO nanowires using SEM equipped with a nanomanipulator.To pick up nanowires efficiently,direct sampling is compared with electrification fusing,and experiments show that direct sampling is more stable while electrification fusing is more efficient.ZnO nanowires have cut-off properties,and good Schottky contact with the tungsten probes was established.In piezoelectric experiments,the maximum piezoelectric voltage generated by an individual ZnO nanowire was 0.07 V,and its impedance decreased with increasing input signal frequency until it became stable.This work offers a technical reference for the pick-up and construction of nanomaterials and nanogeneration technology.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21302003)the Science and Technology Project of Henan Province(No.182102210200)
文摘Two new complexes based on 6-hydroxypicolinic acid(H_2picO) and 1,10-phenanthroline(phen), such as [Cu_4(picO)_4(phen)_4]·12 H_2O(1) and {[Cd_4(picO)_4(phen)_4(H_2O)_2]·5H_2O}_n(2), have been synthesized and characterized by IR, elemental analyses, thermogravimetric analyses and X-ray diffraction technique. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the two complexes both crystallize in the triclinic system, space group P(16)-. For complex 1, the picO ligands adopt a tridentate coordination mode to link copper(Ⅱ) ions into dimmers. PicO ligands also adopt a tridentate mode in complex 2, which connects the cadmium(Ⅱ) to form a one-dimensional chain. Moreover, luminescent properties of 1 and 2 were also investigated.
基金Supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (No.20725104)the NNSFC (No.20531040)
文摘Complex [Mn（tce） 0.5（H2O） 4]（1） was obtained from Mn（OAc） 2 and tce,where tce is 1,1,2,2-tetracarboxyl-ethane. The structure of 1 is a single molecule,in which Mn（II） is a distorted octahedron coordinated to six oxygen atoms. Complex [Cd（tce） 0.5（H2O） 3]（H2O） （2） fea-tures a pillared layer architecture. The Cd（II） atom is in an octahedral environment coordinated by six oxygen donors from water molecules and tce ligands. Cd（II） atoms are interlinked by the tce ligand to generate a 2-D wavelike layer. The layers are strutted by the intermolecular O-H···O hydrogen bonds to form a 3-D open framework. Luminescence property of complex 2 was investigated. Magnetic property of complex 1 was also studied. 1 belongs to triclinic,space group P1 with a = 6.2901（12） ,b = 8.0212（15） ,c = 8.0769（15） A,α = 108.522（3） ,β = 95.068（3） ,γ = 97.086（3） °,V = 379.92（12）A^3,Mr = 456.08,Dc = 1.993 g/cm^3,F（000） = 232,μ = 1.748 mm^-1,Z = 1,the final R = 0.0297 and wR = 0.0731 for 1575 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I） . 2 is of monoclinic system,space group P21/c with a = 6.4367（14） ,b = 9.495（2） ,c = 13.907（3）A,β = 117.405（8） °,V = 754.6（3） A^3,Mr = 285.51,Dc = 2.513 g/cm^3,F（000） = 556,μ = 2.905 mm^-1,Z = 4,the final R = 0.0375 and wR = 0.0737 for 1521 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21461003)Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(No.2016GXNSFFA380010,2016GXNSFAA380206,2014GXNSFBA118056)the Foundation of Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources,Ministry of Education of China(CMEMR2015-A11,CMEMR2016-A11)
文摘Based on a 3-（pyridine-2-yl）-4H-1,2,4-triazole ligand（Hpytr）, one 2D Cd（Ⅱ） coordination polymer [Cd I（pytr）]n（1） and one 2D Mn（Ⅱ） coordination polymer [Mn（N3）（pytr）（H2O）]n（2） have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography, elemental analysis, and fluorescence spectroscopy. 1 shows a layer coordination architecture linked by pytr ligand, and the Cd（Ⅱ） centers display slightly distorted square pyramid coordination geometries. Complex 2 shows a 2D pillared-layer coordination architecture bridged by N3-and pytr, and the Mn（Ⅱ） centers display slightly distorted octahedral geometries. The luminescent properties of 1 and the PXRD and thermal stability of complexes 1 and 2 were measured briefly.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21373132)the Science Foundation of Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government(No.12JK0637)
文摘A new Cd（Ⅱ） coordination polymer, namely, [Cd（1,3-bip）（3,5-pdc）]n （1,3-bip = 1,3-bis（imidazol）propane and 3,5-pdc = pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid） has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Compound 1 was characterized by infrared spectrum, elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction （PXRD） and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 1.40178（7）, b = 1.72502（12）, c = 1.41635（6） ran, β = 92.653（4）°, V = 3.4212（3） nm3, Z = 4, C16HIsCdNsO4, Mr = 453.73, Dc = 1.762 g/cm3, F（000） = 1808,μ = 1.310 mm1, R = 0.0899 and wR = 0.1945. In compound 1, each 3,5-pdc ligand links three Cd（lI） ions and each Cd（Ⅱ） attaches to bip ligands to form a complicated 2D double-layer structure. In addition, the thermal stability and luminescent property of 1 have been studied in the solid state at room temperature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 20771054)the Foundation of Education Committee of Henan Province (2006150017)
文摘A new Cd（Ⅱ） complex（[Cd（H2PIDC）2]n） with singly deprotonated 2-propyl-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylate as bridging ligand was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction method.Crystal data：monoclinic,space group P21/c,with a=8.2547（11）,b=10.7071（15）,c=13.9131（14）A,β=126.164（5）o,V=992.8（2）A^3,C16H18N4O8Cd,Mr=506.74,Z=2,Dc=1.695g/cm^3,F（000）=508,μ=1.151 mm^-1,R=0.0296 and wR=0.0812 for 1581 observed reflections.Singly deprotonated ligands（H2PIDC-） act as μ3-bridge and join the Cd（Ⅱ） atoms into a 2-D layer structure.The 2-D layers are further linked by intermolecular hydrogen bonds into a 3D network.The luminescent property of the complex was also investigated.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975141 and 52125201)the National Key Basic Research and Development Program(2020YFA0210702).
文摘Silkworm silk fbers have been woven into textiles for thousands of years,because of their attractive luster,good mechanical properties,excellent biocompatibility,and large-scale production.With the development of human society,preparation of silk fbers with modifed or enhanced properties are highly desirable for potential applications in structural materials and smart textiles.Herein,we realized the reinforcement of multiple properties of silk fbers by feeding silkworms with Ag nanowire(Ag NW)modifed diets.The obtained silk fbers show obviously enhanced comprehensive mechanical properties,including improved tensile strength,elongation at break,tensile modulus,and toughness,which are increased by 37.2%,37.6%,68.3%,and 69.8%,respectively.Furthermore,compared with unmodifed silk,the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of modifed silk fbers are improved by 246.4%and 32.1%,respectively.The analysis on the components and structure shows that the incorporated Ag NWs lead to increased content of random coil/α-helix,improved orientation of crystallites,and increased content of Ag compared to pristine silk fbers,which may contribute to the enhanced mechanical,electrical,and thermal properties.
