Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics in CdSe/CdS/ZnS Quantum Dots

The intra- and inter-band relaxation dynamics of CdSe/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell quantum dots are investigated with the aid of time-resolved nonlinear transmission spectra which are obtained using femtosecond pump-probe technique. By selectively exciting the core and shell carrier, the dynamics are studied in detail. Carrier relaxation is found faster in the conduction band of the CdS shell （about 130 fs） than that in the conduction band of the CdSe core （about 400 fs）. From the experiments it is distinctly demonstrated the existence of the defect states in the interface between the CdSe core and the CdS shell, indicating that ultrafast spectroscopy might be a suitable tool in studying interface and surface morphology properties in nanosystems.

Enhanced chemiluminescence from reactions between CdTe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots and periodate

A novel chemiluminescence（CL） performance of CdTe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots（QDs） with periodate（KIO_4） was studied.Effects of concentration and pH on the CL system were investigated.Electron spin resonance（ESR） and the effects of radical scavenger analysis were employed for identification of intermediate species.The CL spectra for this system showed only one maximum emission peak centered around 620 nm,which was similar with photoluminescence（PL） spectra of CdTe/CdS/ZnS QDs.The CL of CdTe/CdS/ZnS QDs was induced by direct chemical oxidation and the possible mechanism could be explained by radiative recombination of injected holes and electrons.This investigation not only provided new sight into the optical characteristics of CdTe/CdS/ZnS QDs,but also broadened their potential optical utilizations.

Water-soluble CdSe/ZnS quantum dots passivated by poly(glycino amino acid) phosphazenes

Poly(organophosphazenes) have potential applications in making water-soluble and biocompatible quantum dots (QDs) due to their wide variety of properties. The CdSe QDs of green emission and the core-shell CdSe/ZnS QDs of red emission were prepared. Subsequently the trioctylphosphine oxide-stabilized CdSe/ZnS QDs were transferred from chloroform into water through a ligand exchange process with poly(glycino amino acid)phosphazenes, which can be obtained from the saponification of poly (glycino amino ester)phosphazenes at room temperature. The resulting QDs-polymer nanocomposite particles can form colloidally stable suspensions in water and exhibit good photostability.

Novel Hybrid SiO2/ZnS Coated CdTe/CdS Quantum Dots and Their Bioapplications

Novel CdTe/CdS quantum dots(QDs)coated with a hybrid of SiO_2 and ZnS were fabricated through a simple two-step approach.The hybrid SiO_2/ZnS coated CdTe/CdS quantum dots was characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),UV and fluorescence spectrometer.Results indicated that the core-shell structure gave the QDs outstanding photoluminescence properties,includinganarrowphotoluminescencespectrum,high photoluminescence(PL)quantum yield and long emission lifetime(average PL lifetime of increased from 26.4 ns to 49.1 ns).Cellular studies showed the QDs had good cytocompatibility with Hela cells as determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay after coating SiO_2/ZnS,and also proved the feasibility of using the hybrid SiO_2/ZnS coated QDs as optical probes for in vitro cell imaging.The synthesis method of QDs is highly promising for the production of robust and functional optical probes for bio-imaging and sensing applications.

Effect of gamma irradiation on optical properties of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots embedded in PDMS

The optical properties of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots(QDs)embedded in polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)flexible materials after irradiated withγ-rays were studied.As an embedding matrix,PDMS exhibits the advantage of high radiation hardness.The luminescence spectra and fluorescence lifetime of the irradiated and unirradiated samples were tested.The fluorescence intensity of QDs decreases with the increase of the irradiation dose according to the result of luminescence spectra.The fluorescence intensity of the QDs decreases by 80%after irradiation with a dose of 1 kGy,but the position of the emission peak and the spectral shape of the QDs remain consistent before and after irradiation.In addition,the fluorescence lifetime of QDs is shortened after irradiation.Based on the fluorescence response of QDs to the irradiation ofγ-rays and combined with flexible materials,our work provides a theoretical basis for the application of QDs as a new wearable dosimeter.

High-quality CdS quantum dots sensitized ZnO nanotube array films for superior photoelectrochemical performance

The surface characteristics of ZnO were synthetically optimized by a self-designed simultaneous etching and W-doping hydrothermal method utilizing as-prepared ZnO nanorod(NR)array films as the template.Benefiting from the etching and regrowth process and the different structural stabilities of the various faces of ZnO NRs,the uniquely etched and W-doped ZnO(EWZ)nanotube(NT)array films with larger surface area,more active sites and better energy band structure were used to improve the photoelectrochemical(PEC)performance and the loading quality of CdS quantum dots(QDs).On the basis of their better surface characteristics,the CdS QDs were uniformly loaded on EWZ NT array film with a good coverage ratio and interface connection;this effectively improved the light-harvesting ability,charge transportation and separation as well as charge injection efficiency during the PEC reaction.Therefore,all the CdS QD-sensitized EWZ NT array films exhibited significantly enhanced PEC performance.The CdS/EWZ-7 composite films exhibited the optimal photocurrent density with a value of 12 mA·cm^(-2),2.5 times higher than that of conventional CdS/ZnO-7 composite films under the same sensitization times with CdS QDs.The corresponding etching and optimizing mechanisms were also discussed.

氢氟酸处理InP/GaP/ZnS量子点的光学性能及其发光二极管应用

采用氢氟酸(HF)原位注入法制备了InP/GaP/ZnS量子点。通过紫外/可见/近红外光谱、光致发光光谱、透射电镜、球差校正透射电镜、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱等测试手段分析了HF对InP量子点的发光性能影响。实验结果表明,HF刻蚀减少了量子点表面氧化缺陷状态,有效控制了InP核表面的氧化,并且原子配体形式的F-钝化了量子点表面的悬挂键,显著提升了量子点的光学性能。HF处理的InP/GaP/ZnS量子点具有最佳的发光性能,PLQY高达96%。此外,用HF处理InP/GaP/ZnS量子点制备的发光二极管,其发光的电流效率为6.63 cd/A,最佳外量子效率(EQE)为3.83%。

CdS Quantum Dots as Fluorescence Probes for Detection of Adriamycin Hydrochloride

Water-soluble CdS quantum dots（CdS-QDs） capped with thioglycohc acid were easily prepared, and a detection method of adriamycin was presented based on the fluorescence quenching of CdS-QDs. It was found that a complex could be formed between cetyhrimethyl ammonium bromide（CTAB） and CdS-QDs by using electrostatic interaction in Britton-Robinson（BR） buffer at pH = 7.00, and the strong fluorescence emission of the complex was observed at 500 nm when the complex was excited at 378 run. The presence of adriamycin, however, could strongly quench the fluorescence through hydrophobic interaction. The overall quenching percentage as a function of adriamycin concentration matches the Stern-Volmer equation very well. These properties make CdS-QDs a potential fluorescence probe for the detection of adriamycin. The detection hmit（3σ） of adriamycin is approximately 10^-9 mol/L.

Citrate-stabilized CdSe/CdS quantum dots as fluorescence probe for protein determination

A rapid, ultrasensitive and convenient fluorescence measurement technology based on the enhancement of the fluorescence intensity resulting from the interaction of functionalized CdSe/CdS quantum dots （QDs） with bov/ne serum albumin （BSA） was proposed. The citrate-stabilized CdSe/CdS （QDs） were synthesized by using Se powder and Na2S as precursors instead of any pyrophoric organometallic precursors. The modified CdSe/CdS QDs are brighter and more stable against photobleaching in comparison with organic fluorophores. At pH 7.0, the fluorescence signal of CdSe/CdS is enhanced by increasing the concentration of BSA in the range of 0.1-10 μg/mL, and the low detection limit is 0.06 μg/mL. A linear relationship between the enhanced fluorescence peak intensity （△F） and BSA concentration （c） is established using equation △F=50.7c＋16.4 （R=0.996 36）. Results of determination for BSA in three synthetic samples are identical with the true values, and the recovery （98.9%-102.4%） and relative standard deviation （RSD, 1.8%-2.5%） are satisfactory.

Study on Interaction between Chitosan and CdS Quantum Dots via Photoluminescence Spectra

The interaction between CdS quantum dots and amino polysaccharide chitosan in aqueous solution was studied via photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The surface binding of chitosan with different molecular weight (MW) quenched the luminescence of QDs due to the elimination of radioactive anion vacancy centers. This process fits well with the Perrin model; lower MW chitosan exhibits higher quenching efficiency due to better availability to the surface.

Quantitative Model for the Surface-related Electron Transfer in CdS Quantum Dots

The influence of surface S^2- dangling bonds and surface doped ions（Se^2-, Cu^2＋, and Hg^2＋） on the photoluminescence of Cd^2＋-rich CdS QDs was investigated. A quantitative model was proposed to understand the complex transfer processes of excited electrons in CdS QDs. The transfer of excited electrons from either the conduction band or the Cd^2＋-related trap-state to the surface S^2-related shallow hole trap-state is effective. However, the trap of excited electrons by surface doped ion trap-states from the Cd^2＋-related trap-state is more effective than that from the conduction band. The efficiency of trapping electrons from both the conduction band and the Cd^2＋-related trap-state can be quantitatively understood with the help of the proposed model. The results show that the transfer efficiency of excited electrons is dependent on the location of the energy-level of the relevant surface-related trap-state. The trap of excited electrons by the surface trap-state with energy-level closer to that of the conduction band is more effective, especially for the trap of excited electrons from Cd^2＋-related trap-state.

Interaction of CdTe/CdS quantum dots with antibodies

In the study, we observed the strong adsorption of CdTe/CdS QDs to antibodies and the formation of QDs-antibodies conjugates. Capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection （CE-LIF）, fluorescence spectrometry and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy （FCS） were used to characterize the QDs conjugates with antibody. We found that the QDs-antibody conjugates possessed high fluorescence, small hydrodynamic radii and good stability in aqueous solution. 2009 Ji Cun Ren. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Synthesis and characterization of ZnS-based quantum dots to trace low concentration of ammonia

In the present work,a solution-based co-precipitation method has been adopted to synthesize pure and cobalt-doped ZnS quantum dots and characterized by XRD,SEM,TEM with EDX,FTIR and gas sensing properties.XRD analysis has shown a single phase of ZnS quantum dots having a zinc blend structure.TEM and XRD line broadening indicated that the average crystallite size in the sample is in the range of 2 to 5 nm.SEM micrographs show spherical-shaped quantum dots.FTIR studies show that cobalt has been successfully doped into the ZnS cubic lattice.EDX spectra have analyzed the elemental presence in the samples and it is evident that the spectra confirmed the presence of cobalt(Co),zinc(Zn),oxygen(O),and sulphur(S)elements only and no other impurities are observed.The ZnS-based quantum dot sensors reveal high sensitivity towards 50 ppm of ammonia vapors at an operating temperature of 70℃.Hence,ZnS-based quantum dots can be a promising and quick traceable sensor towards ammonia sensing applications with good response and recovery time.

Large-scale control of enhancement and quenching of photoluminescence for ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots and Ag nanoparticles in aqueous solution

We investigated the optical properties of hybrid exciton–plasmon coupling ensembles composed of ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots and Ag nanoparticles in aqueous solution. We modulated their average interval by changing the ratio of quantum dots and Ag nanoparticles. The transition from dramatic PL enhancement to PL quenching state was experimentally observed, according to the continuous decrease of the PL lifetime. The PL enhancement rate exceeded 10, with the Purcell factor of 3.5. Meanwhile, the proportion of fast decay increased from 0.3 to 0.6, corresponding to the proportion of slow decay decreased from 0.7 to 0.4. Our experiment is important for the hybrid exciton–plasmon coupling system to be practicable in optoelectronic application.

CdTe/ZnS核壳结构半导体量子点的荧光特性研究

纳米技术研究体系中量子点是重要的研究模块之一,量子点尺寸非常小,具有独特的光物理特性。该文旨通过实验进行分析,实验过程选择99%纯度硼氢化钠、99%纯度硫酸锌、S212恒速搅拌器、TG16-WS高速离心机、0.310 mL巯基乙酸等,制备0.4565 g CdCl_(2)·2.5H_(2)O混合液,当样本溶液呈现橙色时,表明CdTe核已制备完成。实验结果显示:单脉冲能量增加时,τ_(-rise)与τ_(2)有所降低,τ_(1)数值增加,τ_(-rise)与壳层厚度呈正比关系。通过对量子点荧光特性的分析,有利于促进核壳结构量子点的制备。

痕量铜的CdS/ZnS量子点荧光猝灭测定

以巯基乙酸为稳定剂直接在水溶液中制备了CdS／ZnS量子点，考察了其荧光性质、稳定性等因素，并以该量子点为探针，建立了荧光猝灭法测定铜离子的分析方法。在最佳实验条件下，体系的相对荧光强度与铜离子的浓度呈线性关系：IF^0，／IF=1．26402＋0．01888ρ，其线性范围为1.0～10μg／L，线性回归系数为0．9970，检出限为0．2μg／L。

Temperature dependence of the photoluminescence of MnS/ZnS core–shell quantum dots

The temperature dependence of the photoluminescence（PL） from Mn S/Zn S core–shell quantum dots is investigated in a temperature range of 8 K–300 K. The orange emission from the ^4T1→^6A1transition of Mn^2＋ions and the blue emission related to the trapped surface state are observed in the Mn S/Zn S core–shell quantum dots. As the temperature increases, the orange emission is shifted toward a shorter wavelength while the blue emission is shifted towards the longer wavelength. Both the orange and blue emissions reduce their intensities with the increase of temperature but the blue emission is quenched faster. The temperature-dependent luminescence intensities of the two emissions are well explained by the thermal quenching theory.

基于CdS@ZnS量子点与罗丹明B能量转移荧光猝灭法检测牛奶中土霉素

在吐温40存在下的pH 7.6 PBS缓冲溶液中,核壳型量子点CdS@ZnS与染料罗丹明B（RhB）能够发生有效的荧光共振能量转移,使能量给体CdS@ZnS的荧光猝灭,能量受体RhB的荧光增强.当加入土霉素（OTC）后,发现体系中RhB的荧光发生猝灭,且体系荧光猝灭的程度与土霉素浓度在4×10-8～ 60×10-8mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r为0.999 0,检出限为1.13×10-9 mol/L,以此建立了利用CdS@ZnS-RhB能量转移荧光猝灭法测定土霉素的新方法.方法具有稳定性好、灵敏度高、选择性好等特点,应用于牛奶中土霉素含量的测定,回收率为97.5％～ 103.7％,相对标准偏差（n=6）不大于2.0％.

水溶性的CdSe/CdS/ZnS量子点的合成及表征

用L-半胱氨酸盐(Cys)作为稳定剂,合成了水溶性的双壳结构的CdSe/CdS/ZnS半导体量子点。吸收光谱和荧光光谱结果表明,双壳结构的CdSe/CdS/ZnS纳米微粒比单一的CdSe核纳米粒子和单核壳结构的CdSe/CdS纳米粒子具有更优异的发光特性。用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、ED、XRD、XPS和FTIR等方法对CdSe核和双壳层的CdSe/CdS/ZnS纳米微粒的结构、分散性及形貌分别进行了表征。

CdSe／ZnS量子点敏化太阳能电池电子注入与光伏性能表征

合成了CdSe/ZnS核壳结构量子点(QDs),将其作为光敏剂吸附在TiO2纳米晶薄膜上,组装成量子点敏化太阳能电池(QDSSCs),从电子注入速率和电池性能两方面对QDSSCs进行了表征.为了定量研究ZnS层包覆对电子注入的影响,运用飞秒瞬态光谱技术,测试了包覆ZnS前后,CdSe-TiO2体系的电子注入速率.实验测得ZnS包覆前后电子注入速率分别为7.14×1011和2.38×1011s-1,可以看出包覆后电子注入速率明显降低,仅为包覆前的1/3.电池器件J-V性能测试表明,ZnS作为绝缘层包覆在CdSe的表面有效提高了QDSSCs的填充因子和稳定性,但同时也导致了效率的降低.上述结果说明了电子注入速率的降低是导致电池电流和效率下降的重要原因,为今后优化核壳结构QDSSCs的电流和效率提供了依据.