Ce/HZSM-5和生物质原位改造油页岩:提高页岩油的收率和品质

为进一步提高油页岩的转化效率,缓解我国的原油对外依存度,将藻类水热液化与油页岩原位转化过程耦合,以Ce/HZSM-5为催化剂,利用藻类水热液化产物提升干酪根有机质的转化效率和页岩油的品质,借助SEM、TG、GC-MS和元素分析等对反应前后产物分析表征。实验结果表明,在催化剂和小球藻的共同参与下,水热裂解转化的页岩油产率为6.15%,页岩油品质也有了很大提升。与单纯油页岩水热裂解相比,提质后的页岩油轻组分提高了18.58%和4.04%,重组分含量降低了22.62%。

Methane aromatization in the absence of oxygen over extruded and molded MoO_3/ZSM-5 catalysts:Influences of binder and molding method

The influences of binder and molding method on the catalytic performance of methane aromatization in the absence of O2 over MoO3/ZSM-5 catalysts were investigated.SEM,NH3-TPD,FT-IR of adsorbed pyridine,N2 adsorption-desorption,cyclohexane adsorption and XPS were employed to characterize the physical and chemical properties of the catalysts.It was found that SiO2 was a suitable binder for the catalyst due to its appropriate weak acidity.The laminar catalyst comprising of an inert spherical core and a MoO3/ZSM-5 laminar shell with 0.1 0.2 mm in thickness showed a better catalytic performance than the extruded catalyst.The improved activity of the laminar catalyst could be attributed to the easy carbonization of Mo species and the quick removal of reaction products from the catalyst surface.

Effect of Ga Addition on Catalytic Performance of PtSnNa/ZSM-5 Catalyst for Propane Dehydrogenation

PtSnNaGa/ZSM-5 catalysts with different contents of Ga were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption, hydrogen chemisorption, ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) techniques. The performances of these catalysts for propane dehydrogenation were investigated. The test results indicated that the addition of Ga not only could improve the catalytic stability and propene selectivity, but also could effectively prevent the catalysts from coking. It was found that the PtSnNaGa(0.5 m%)/ZSM-5 catalyst exhibited the best performance in terms of propene selectivity and propane conversion. The high catalytic performance was most probably attributed to the presence of Ga that could strength- en the interaction between metals and the support to stabilize the catalytic active sites.

Study of Modification and Performance of HZSM-5 Catalyst for Isomerization of Light Paraffin

The isomerization of light paraffin over HZSM-5-Ni-Mo-F synthetic zeolite catalysts was studied, and the effects of reaction conditions on the isomerization were investigated. The results show that the optimum reaction condition can be obtained to enhance the research octane number (RON) of product and the liquid yield. The optimum experimental condition is: HZSM-5 catalyst with 1.5wt% of Ni, 2wt% of Mo and 0.4wt% of F, at a temperature of 345℃ and a reaction mass hourly space velocity (MHSV) of 0.2 h-1. The isomerization reaction of light paraffin from Tarim refinery was studied and the research octane number (RON) of gasoline product could be enhanced by 20 units under the condition of nonhydrogenization and optimum experimental status.

Improved Performance of W/HZSM-5 Catalysts for Dehydroaromatization of Methane

The dehydroaramatization of methane over W-supported ZSM-5 with varying degrees of Li+ ion-exchanged catalysts was studied with and without oxygen at 1073 K and atmospheric pressure. Catalyst activity and stability were found to be influenced by the catalyst acidity related to Bronsted acid sites and by the presence of oxygen in the feed. The NH3-TPD and FTIR-pyridine results demonstrated that partially exchanged of H+ ions by Li+ into the W/HZSM-5 catalysts could be used to control the amount of strong acid sites on the catalyst surface. Without oxygen, the 3WHLi-Z (5:1) catalyst that has strong acid sites equal to nearly 74% of the original strong acid sites in the parent HZSM-5 exhibited the highest methane conversion and selectivity towards aromatics. However, the catalyst deactivated in a five hour period. In the presence of oxygen, the catalyst activity and stability could be improved further. The results of this study revealed that a suitable amount of strong Bronsted acid sites as well as oxygen addition in the feed increased the catalyst activity and stability. The 3WHLi-Z(5:1) catalyst exhibited improved performance in the dehydroaromatization of methane.

制备方法对Mn-Ce/ZSM-5催化剂低温选择性催化还原NO性能的影响

采用浸渍法、氨水共沉淀法和机械混合法制备了Mn-Ce/ZSM-5催化剂,并研究了其对氨选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)NO反应的催化性能.结果表明,采用氨水共沉淀法制备的Mn-Ce/ZSM-5催化剂显示出优越的NH3-SCR催化活性,不仅具有好的低温催化活性和宽的反应温度窗口,而且具有高的热稳定性.铈的含量对催化活性也存在着明显的影响.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和等离子体发射光谱(ICP)等技术对不同方法制备的Mn-Ce/ZSM-5催化剂的体相和表面结构进行了表征.结果发现,Mn-Ce/ZSM-5催化剂中Ce主要以Ce4+的形态出现,并与锰有较强的协同作用.Mn以多种氧化物的形态共存,采用氨水共沉淀法制备更有利于低价态的锰氧化物Mn2O3,Mn3O4等的形成,并且更易于氧物种(O1s)在催化剂表面富集,这可能是导致氨水共沉淀法所制备的Mn-Ce/ZSM-5样品活性最佳的原因.

Cu-Ce/ZSM-5催化剂的TPR及动力学研究

由 Cu、Ce的硝酸盐 (氧化物 )用浸渍法、分散法制备了系列 Cu-Ce/ZSM-5催化剂。对这些催化剂进行了TPR、IR表征及动力学研究。考察了铜含量、铈含量及不同铈源对催化剂还原性能的影响。结果表明 :1 .不含铈的 Cu/ZSM-5催化剂的 TPR谱 ,铜离子的两个还原峰峰温及峰面积随铜含量增加而增加 ;2 .铈源为Ce O2 ,铈含量增大 ,使 Cu-Ce/ZSM-5催化剂的铜离子还原峰峰温略为降低 ;铈源为 Ce(NO3) 3· 6H2 O,铜离子还原峰峰温则随铈含量增加而升高 ;3 .计算了各催化剂铜离子还原反应的活化能 ,并确定还原反应为二级反应。 Ce O2 为铈源 ,活化能随铈含量增大而减小 ;Ce(NO3) 3· 6H2 O为铈源 ,活化能随铈含量增大而略为增加 ;4.催化剂的 IR谱对铜、铈含量不甚敏感 ,铈源对其影响相对较大。

稀土Ce改性Pt/Hβ-HZSM-5异构化催化剂的性能

采用共浸渍法制备了不同Ce含量改性的Ce-Pt/Hβ-HZSM-5异构化催化剂。通过BET,XRD,NH_3-TPD,Py-IR,TEM等手段对催化剂试样进行了表征,在固定床微反装置上考察了催化剂对正己烷的异构化反应活性。实验结果表明,稀土助剂Ce的引入导致催化剂的比表面积和孔体积降低,B酸量和总酸量增加,活性Pt物种的分散性得到改善,优化了催化剂的正己烷异构化性能。在反应压力1.5 MPa、体积空速1 h^(-1)、氢油体积比500、反应温度280℃的条件下,Ce含量1%(w)、Pt含量0.4%(w)的Ce-Pt/Hβ-HZSM-5催化剂活性最高,正己烷转化率为81.90%,异构化率为81.78%。

Fe-Ce/ZSM-5类Fenton催化剂降解甲基橙废水的影响因素研究

以微介孔ZSM-5分子筛为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了新型有序微介孔非均相Fe-Ce/ZSM-5Fenton催化剂。采用红外光谱和氮气吸附-脱附对催化剂进行表征,通过H_2O_2协同降解甲基橙模拟废水,考察了进水p H、甲基橙浓度、催化剂加入量、H_2O_2浓度及反应温度对催化剂性能的影响。结果表明:制备的Fe-Ce/ZSM-5保持了ZSM-5的骨架结构,且具有较大的比表面积;在进水pH为5.0、甲基橙浓度100 mg/L、催化剂加入量1.0 g/L、H_2O_2浓度20 mmol/L及反应温度20℃的条件下,甲基橙脱除率为87%,铁离子流失量仅为0.019mg/L。

双金属Ce-Mn/ZSM-5催化剂的制备及NH3-SCR脱硝性能研究

采用浸渍法制备了铈锰复合氧化物分子筛催化剂(Ce-Mn/ZSM-5),在固定床反应器上考察不同Ce/Mn质量比对分子筛催化剂选择催化还原NO的影响,利用XRD、TEM、NH3-TPD、H2-TPR、in-situ DRIFTS等手段对催化剂进行了表征分析。结果表明,双金属改性的Ce-Mn/ZSM-5催化剂在NH3-SCR反应中表现出较为优异的催化活性,具有较宽的活性温度窗口。当Ce/Mn质量比为0.4时,催化剂具有最佳的脱硝效率,在265-465℃脱硝率均可达到80%以上,在370℃时,NO的转化率最高可达97.28%。锰和铈物种高度分散于催化剂表面,未改变ZSM-5的晶体结构,且构成协同作用。0.4Ce-Mn/ZSM-5具备丰富的酸性位、良好的氧化还原性能,该配比有助于催化剂的催化活性和稳定性的提高,在NH3-SCR反应过程同时遵循E-R机理和L-H机理。

响应面法优化Mn-Ce/HZSM-5催化氧化三氯乙烯

三氯乙烯(TCE)是用途广泛的工业原料,其排放严重威胁着生态环境和人体健康。如何高效去除TCE成为亟待解决的关键问题。本文采用沉积-沉淀法制备了一系列不同Ce/Mn摩尔比的Mn-Ce/HZSM-5催化剂,用于催化去除TCE,并用响应面分析的方法探究不同因素对TCE催化氧化过程的影响。结果表明:Mn-Ce/HZSM-5催化剂对TCE有较好的催化活性,当Ce/Mn摩尔比为0.8时催化活性最高,主要归因于该催化剂较高的还原性和丰富的表面氧物种。另外,响应面分析结果表明:在Mn Ce_(0.8)/HZSM-5催化氧化TCE过程中,温度是影响TCE去除率和CO_(2)选择性的最关键因素,其次是流量和相对湿度(RH)。当气体流量为0.2L/min、温度为450℃、RH为16%时,最优TCE去除率为77.1%,CO_(2)选择性为70.0%,且Mn Ce_(0.8)/HZSM-5催化剂表现出较好的稳定性。研究结果为含氯挥发性有机物的去除提供了一种有效方法。

不同金属改性Ce-Mn/ZSM-5催化剂的制备及性能研究

采用浸渍法制备了一系列Y-Ce-Mn/ZSM-5催化剂(Y=Co、Cr、Cu、La、Zr)。结合NH3-SCR反应脱硝活性测试的结果,获得各种催化剂的最佳活性温度窗口及最大脱硝效率。采用XRD、TEM、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD和insituDRIFTS等技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,除Cr之外,其他改性金属的最大脱硝效率均在98%以上,其中,Cu改性的Cu-Ce-Mn/ZSM-5显示出最佳的催化活性,在375℃转化率达到99.22%。原因在于表面金属氧化物种高度分散,起作用的表面弱酸酸位较多,还原性强的物种量较多。

Effects of Temperature and Catalyst to Oil Weight Ratio on the Catalytic Conversion of Heavy Oil to Propylene Using ZSM-5 and USY Catalysts

It is useful for practical operation to study the rules of production of propylene by the catalytic conversion of heavy oil in FCC （fluid catalytic cracking）. The effects of temperature and C/O ratio （catalyst to oil weight ratio） on the distribution of the product and the yield of propylene were investigated on a micro reactor unit with two model catalysts, namely ZSM-5/Al2O3 and USY/Al2O3, and Fushun vacuum gas oil （VGO） was used as the feedstock. The conversion of heavy oil over ZSM-5 catalyst can be comparable to that of USY catalyst at high temperature and high C/O ratio. The rate of conversion of heavy oil using the ZSM-5 equilibrium catalyst is lower compared with the USY equilibrium catalyst under the general FCC conditions and this can be attributed to the poor steam ability of the ZSM-5 equilibrium catalyst. The difference in pore topologies of USY and ZSM-5 is the reason why the principal products for the above two catalysts is different, namely gasoline and liquid petroleum gas （LPG）, repspectively. So the LPG selectivity, especially the propylene selectivity, may decline if USY is added into the FCC catalyst for maximizing the production of propylene. Increasing the C/O ratio is the most economical method for the increase of LPG yield than the increase of the temperature of the two model catalysts, because the loss of light oil is less in the former case. There is an inverse correlation between HTC （hydrogen transfer coefficient） and the yield of propylene, and restricting the hydrogen transfer reaction is the more important measure in increasing the yield of propylene of the ZSM-5 catalyst. The ethylene yield of ZSM-5/A1203 is higher, but the gaseous side products with low value are not enhanced when ZSM-5 catalyst is used. Moreover, for LPG and the end products, dry gas and coke, their ranges of reaction conditions to which their yields are dependent are different, and that of end products is more severe than that of LPG. So it is clear that maximizing LPG and propylene and restricting dry gas and coke can be both achieved via increasing the severity of reaction conditions among the range of reaction conditions which LPG yield is sensitive to.

Optimization of conditions for preparation of ZSM-5@silicalite-1 core–shell catalysts via hydrothermal synthesis

Although the preparation of ZSM-5@silicalite-1(ZS) core–shell catalysts has been reported in the literature,their selectivity to para-xylene(PX)in the toluene alkylation with methanol is difficult to control.Here we present the effects of water and ZSM-5 adding amounts in the synthesis solution,the hydrothermal synthesis time,and the Si/Al ratio of core ZSM-5 on the catalytic performance of ZS core–shell catalysts.The ZS core–shell catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),N_2 adsorption,and NH_3 temperature-programmed desorption (NH_3-TPD) techniques.The highest PX selectivity of 95.5%was obtained for the ZS(Si/Al=140) catalyst prepared in the synthesis solution with a molar ratio of 0.2 TPAOH:1TEOS:250H_2O at 175°C and 10 r·min^(-1) for only 2 h and the corresponding toluene conversion is as high as 22.8% for the alkylation of toluene with methanol.

Introduction of table sugar as a soft second template in ZSM-5 nanocatalyst and its effect on product distribution and catalyst lifetime in methanol to gasoline conversion

Methanol to gasoline reaction was investigated on two prepared ZSM-5 catalysts. The first one was a conventional catalyst denoted as ZSM-5（C） and the other was a hierarchical catalyst-ZSM-5（S） which was prepared by incorporation of table sugar in catalyst gel during the synthesis procedure. The catalysts were characterized by FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, N2 adsorption-desorption, NH3-TPD and TGA analytical technics. The proposed material showed pore modification as well as acidity moderating properties in ZSM-5 catalyst. The methanol to gasoline reaction was conducted in a fixed bed reactor with a WHSV of 1.5 h-1.Methanol conversions, gasoline yield and selectivity in production for the synthesized catalysts were determined by gas chromatography method. The sugar modified catalyst converted more methanol than the conventional one and an enhancement in catalyst’s life time was observed. The selectivity to aromatics and durene were reduced compared to the conventional catalyst, so the gasoline quality was also further improved. The coking rate of catalysts was calculated employing TGA method. A reduction in coking rate and an increase in coke capacity of the modified catalyst were observed.

Effect of Mischmetal Addition on Catalytic Performance of PtSnNa/ZSM-5 for Propane Dehydrogenation

The influence of mischmetal addition on physicochcmical properties of PtSnNa/ZSM-5 catalyst was studied by means of XRF, H2 chemisorption, XRD, TPR, NH3-TPD and TPO techniques. The results showed that the presence of mischmetal had an obvious impact on the catalytic performance of the PtSnNa/ZSM-5 catalyst. A suitable content of mischmetal not only could enhance the interactions between Pt species and the support, but also inhibit the formation of coke during the reaction, thus improving the catalytic activity and stability. In our experiments, when the content of mischmetal was 3m%, the catalyst exhibited best catalytic performance. However, the continuous addition of mischmetal could promote the reduction of Sn species to metallic tin, which was disadvantageous to the reaction.

Ethanol steam reforming over Ni/ZSM-5 nanosheet for hydrogen production

Compared to reforming reactions using hydrocarbons,ethanol steam reforming(ESR)is a sustainable alternative for hydrogen(H_(2))production since ethanol can be produced sustainably using biomass.This work explores the catalyst design strategies for preparing the Ni supported on ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts to promote ESR.Specifically,two-dimensional ZSM-5 nanosheet and conventional ZSM-5 crystal were used as the catalyst carriers and two synthesis strategies,i.e.,in situ encapsulation and wet impregnation method,were employed to prepare the catalysts.Based on the comparative characterization of the catalysts and comparative catalytic assessments,it was found that the combination of the in situ encapsulation synthesis and the ZSM-5 nanosheet carrier was the effective strategy to develop catalysts for promoting H_(2) production via ESR due to the improved mass transfer(through the 2-D structure of ZSM-5 nanosheet)and formation of confined small Ni nanoparticles(resulted via the in situ encapsulation synthesis).In addition,the resulting ZSM-5 nanosheet supported Ni catalyst also showed high Ni dispersion and high accessibility to Ni sites by the reactants,being able to improve the activity and stability of catalysts and suppress metal sintering and coking during ESR at high reaction temperatures.Thus,the Ni supported on ZSM-5 nanosheet catalyst prepared by encapsulation showed the stable performance with~88% ethanol conversion and~65% H_(2) yield achieved during a 48-h longevity test at 550-C.

ZSM-5/MAPO Composite Catalyst for Converting Methanol to Olefins in a Two-Stage Unit with a Dimethyl Ether Pre-Reactor

A ZSM-5/MAPO composite catalyst was prepared by adding ZSM-5 zeolite powder to a conventional molecular sieve synthesis system, followed by modification with NH_4H_2PO_4. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, IR, NH_3-TPD, and BET analyses. The catalytic property of the samples toward the methanol-to-olefin(MTO) reaction was evaluated in a connected in series two-stage unit equipped with a continuous flow(once-through) fixed-bed tubular reactor similar to an industrial reactor. The first reactor mainly converted methanol into dimethyl ether and water, followed by being subject to continuous reaction in the second reactor, in which DME was converted to hydrocarbons. The composites exhibited the typical framework topology of MFI, AEI and AFI, which represented the ZSM-5 zeolite, the molecular sieves AlPO-18 or SAPO-18, AlPO-5 or SAPO-5, respectively. The composites showed several advantages for optimizing the zeolite acidity, enhancing the mass transfer, and restraining the side reactions. Catalytic reaction results showed that the composites exhibited higher selectivity to light olefins(84.0%) and lower selectivity to C_2―C_4 alkanes and C_5^+ hydrocarbons than pure ZSM-5. Moreover, the composite zeolite loaded with 3% of P demonstrated improved catalytic activity and stability for the conversion of methanol to propylene, because the coking rate was obviously suppressed.

Non-phosgene synthesis of hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate from thermal decomposition of hexamethylene-1,6-dicarbamate over Zn–Co bimetallic supported ZSM-5 catalyst

A non-phosgene route for the synthesis of hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate(HDI) was developed via catalytic decomposition of hexamethylene-1,6-dicarbamate(HDC) over Zn–Co bi-metallic supported ZSM-5 catalyst.The catalyst was characterized by FTIR and XRD analyses. Three solvents dioctyl sebacate(DOS), dibutyl sebacate(DBS) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate(BMIMBF_4) were investigated and compared; DOS gave better performance. The catalytic performances for thermal decomposition of HDC to HDI using DOS as solvent were then investigated, and the results showed that, under the optimized reaction conditions, i.e.,10 wt%concentration of HDC in DOS, 250 °C temperature, 60 min reaction time, 83.8% yield of HDI had been achieved over Zn–Co/ZSM-5. Decomposition of the intermediate hexamethylene-1-carbamate-6-isocyanate(HMI) over Zn–Co/ZSM-5 in DOS solvent was further studied and the results indicated that yield of HDI from HMI reached to 69.6%(98.6% HDI selectively) at 270 °C, which further increased the yield of the total HDI(HDI_(tol)) to as high as 95.0%. Recycling of catalyst showed that HDI and HMI yield slightly decreased, and by-product yield increased after the catalyst was reused for 4 times. At last possible reaction mechanism was proposed.

An efficient green route for hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate synthesis by thermal decomposition of hexamethylene-1,6-dicarbamate over Co3O4/ZSM-5 catalyst： An indirect utilization of CO2

The utilization of CO2 as raw material for chemical synthesis has the potential for substantial economic and green benefits. Thermal decomposition of hexamethylene-1,6-dicarbamate （HDC） is a promising approach for indirect utilization of CO2 to produce hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate （HDI）. In this work, a green route was developed for the synthesis of HD1 by thermal decomposition of HDC over Co3O4/ZSM-5 catalyst, using chlorobenzene as low boiling point solvent. Different metal oxide supported catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation （IWI）, PEG-additive （PEG） and deposition precipitation with ammonia evaporation （DP） methods. Their catalytic performances for the thermal decomposition of HDC were tested. The catalyst screening results showed that Co3O4/ZSM-525 catalysts prepared by different methods showed different performances in the order of Co3O4/ZSM-5 25（PEG） 〉 Co3O4/ZSM-525（IWI） 〉 Co3O4/ZSM-525（DP）. The physicochemical properties of Co3O4/ZSM- 52s catalyst were characterized by XRD, FTIR, N2 adsorption-desorption measurements, NH3-TPD and XPS. The superior catalytic performance of Co3O4/ZSM-52S（PEG） catalyst was attributed to its relative surface content of Co3 ＋, surface lattice oxygen content and total acidity. Under the optimized reaction conditions： 6.5% HDC concentration in chlorobenzene, 1 wt% Co3O4/ZSM-525（PEG） catalyst, 250℃ temperature, 2.5 h time, 800 ml.min 1 nitrogen flow rate and 1.0 MPa pressure, the HDC conversion and HDI yield could reach 100% and 92.8% respectively. The Co3O4/ZSM-525（PEG） catalyst could be facilely separated from the reaction mixture, and reused without degradation in catalytic performance. Furthermore, a possible reaction mechanism was proposed based on the physicochemical properties of the Co3O4/ZSM-5 25 catalysts.