Color center and radiation center in Lu_2SiO_5:Ce crystal

Radiation damage of Lu2SiO5：Ce （LSO：Ce） crystals was investigated through intense UV light. An absorption band at 435 nm was observed in the transmission spectrum of the damaged LSO：Ce crystal, similar to that of absorption band caused by gamma ray irradiation. GDMS analysis for LSO：Ce crystals revealed the existence of impurities, such as Yb in the crystals. The impurities might be responsible for the optical absorption of the color center and the radiation center.

Effects of Annealing Treatments on Luminescence and Scintillation Properties of Ce:Lu_3Al_5O_(12) Crystal Grown by Czochralski Method

Lu3Al5O12 single crystals grown in pure N2 atmosphere by Czochralski method were annealed in oxidizing atmosphere （air）and reducing atmosphere （H2 ＋ N2）, respectively. Effects of annealing treatments on luminescence and scintillation properties of the crystals were investigated. The crystal annealed in air showed the highest luminescence intensity under blue light or vacuum ultraviolet excitation in comparison with that annealed in reducing flux or the as-grown crystal. Under X-ray excitation, crystal annealed in reducing atmosphere had the lowest light yield, and crystal annealed in air had the fastest decay time under ^137Cs 662 keV γ-ray excitation. Different annealing treatments resulted in different luminescence and scintillation properties, which might related with oxygen vacancies or defect existing in the crystals.

Crystal Structure of Natural Non-metamict Ti- and Fe^(2+)-rich Chevkinite-(Ce)

The crystal structure of non-metamict Ti- and Fe2+-rich chevkinite-(Ce) has been redetermined with the single -crystal sample collected from Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, China. The chemical formula of the sample is Ce4Fe2Ti3Si4O22. The crystals are monoclinic with the unit cell parameters a = 13.4656(15) ?, b = 5.7356(6) ?, c = 11.0977(12) ?, β= 100.636(2)o, V = 842.39 (16) ?3 and Z = 2. The structures of Ti- and Fe2+-rich chevkinite-(Ce) were refined with space groups P21/a and C2/m. Least-squares refinement results show that both structural models of Ti- and Fe2+-rich chevkinite-(Ce) are very good, R[F2>2σ(F2)] =0.027 with P21/a and R[F2>2σ(F2)] =0.021 with C2/m. In order to illustrate the relationship between the two space groups P21/a and C2/m, the distribution of diffraction intensities was inspected. Pseudo extinction was found, i.e., reflections with h+k=2n are systematically strong, while those with h+k=2n+1 are weak. By neglecting the systematically weak (h+k=2n+1) reflections the space group becomes C2/m. There is a mirror plane in the C2/m perpendicular to the b axis. However, oxygen atoms in the P21/a model are of a symmetrical relationship with the corresponding pseudo mirror plane. It is concluded that the crystal structure of non-metamict Ti- and Fe2+-rich chevkinite-(Ce) is a superstructure with the space group of P21/a, which is of pseudo symmetry corresponding to the space group C2/m.

Monte Carlo simulation for performance evaluation of detector model with a monolithic LaBr_(3)(Ce)crystal and SiPM array forγradiation imaging

In recent years,LaBr_(3)(Ce)crystals and silicon photomultipliers(SiPMs)have been increasingly used in radiation imaging.This study involved the establishment of a detector model with a monolithic LaBr_(3)(Ce)crystal and SiPM array forγ-radiation imaging on the GEANT4 platform.The optical process included in the detector model was defined by key parameters,such as the emission spectrum,scintillation yield,and intrinsic resolution of the LaBr_(3):5%Ce crystal,as well as the detection efficiency of the SiPM array.The response of the detector model to^(57)Co flooded field irradiation was simulated and evaluated.The radiation images generated by the detector model exhibited a compression effect that was very close to that on images acquired by the physical detector.The spatial resolution of the simulated detector closely approximates that of the physical experiment.A detector model without the optical process was also established for comparison with a detector using the optical process.Both were used in a near-field modified uniform redundant array(MURA)imaging system to acquire images of a point source and a ring source of^(57)Co at the center of the field-of-view of the imaging system.The spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of the images that were reconstructed using the two detector models were determined and compared.Compared with the detector model without optical processes,although the images from the proposed detector model have slightly inferior signal-to-noise ratios and more artifacts,they are more consistent with the reconstructed versions of images acquired in real physical experiments.The results confirm that the detector model can be used to design aγ-radiation imaging detector and to develop an imaging algorithm that can significantly shorten the development time and reduce the cost.

Spectroscopic Properties of Ce:YAP Scintillation Crystal Grown by Temperature Gradient Technique

Spectroscopic properties of Ce-doped yttrium orthoaluminate （Ce：YA1O3 or Ce：YAP） crystals gown by temperature gradient technique （TGT） were investigated, and the effects of the growth conditions on the properties were analyzed. Methods of optical absorption （OA）, photoluminescence （PL）, photoluminescence decay （PLD）, X-my excited luminescence （XL） and cathodeluminescence （CL） were used in these investigations. The results showed that the absorption band peak at 202,394 and 532 nm originated from F and F^＋ color center induced by the weak reducing growth atmosphere, green emission band near 500 nm derived from Ce3^＋ -Ce^3＋ pairs and band at 650 - 850 nm from some unintentional impurity in crystals.

Synthesis of YAG∶Ce^(3+) Phosphor by Polyacrylamide Gel Method and Promoting Action of α-Al_2O_3 Seed Crystal on Phase Formation

YAG： Ce^3 ＋ phosphor particles were prepared using polyacrylamide gel method. The structure evolution of powders during annealing process was followed by X-ray diffraction determination. It is found that some intermediate phases, including θ-Al2O3, YAM and YAP, are formed when calcining polyacrylamide gel, however, the pure YAG phase can be formed directly when calcining polyacrylamide gel with α-Al2O3 as seed crystal. These facts show that the existence of α- Al2O3 seed crystal can block the formation of θ-Al2O3, YAM and YAP, and accelerate its reaction with Y2O3 to form YAG phase directly at lower temperature. The emission peak of prepared YAG ： Ce^3 ＋ phosphor is wide with maximum at 550 nm and the exitation band has two peaks, the major one is around at 460 nm, which matches the blue emission of GaN LED and is suitable for the assemble of white LED. Some fluxes can enhance the photoluminescence intensity of phosphor particles, that can be attributed both to the improvement of crystallization processes of YAG and to the stabilization of trivalence cerium ion in YAG：Ce^3 ＋.

Luminescence Lifetime Study of Ce(Ⅲ)in Ce_(0.9)RE_(0.1)P_5O_(14)Crystals

Luminescence lifetime of Ce(Ⅲ)for Ce_(0.9)RE_(0.1)P_5O_(14),where RE denotes rare earth ions other than Ce(Ⅲ), was measured by means of the time-correlated single photon counting technique.It has been found that the lifetime data are capable of elucidating the enhancement or quenching of cerium(Ⅲ)luminescence by alien RE ions(other than Ce)in doubly doped cerium pentaphosphate crystal.

Studies of Photorefractive Crystals of Double-Doped Ce,Fe:LiNbO_3

In this paper, photorefractive crystals of Ce, Fe:LiNbO 3 are systematically studied. The crystals have been grown by Czochralski method. The samples with different doping concentrations and oxidation/reduction treatments have been fabricated. Their photorefractive properties were experimentally investigated by using two beam coupling. The results show that the photorefractive efficiency depends on the dopant concentration, oxidation/reduction treatment, and light wavelength. The doping mechanism is also discussed here.

Study of Temperature Enhancement of the Photorefractive Effect in Ce：Fe：LiNbO_3 Crystal

in the range of 20 to 120 ℃, the two-beam coupling exponential gain coefficient and the four-wave mixing phase conjugation reflectivity have been investigated. It is shown that the values such as the gain, the phase conjugation reflectivity and the response speed increase as the temperature increases. At about 55, 71 and 110℃, extraordinary enhancement of the gain and the phase conjugation reflectivity were observed.The mechanism is analyzed by the phase change in the crystal at these temperatures.

Photorefractive Properties of Potassium Lithium Niobate Crystals with CeO_2 and Nd_2O_3

KLN and Ce：Nd：KLN crystals were gown by Czochralski method and polarized into single ferroelectrics domain along c-axis. The properties of KLN and Ce：Nd：KLN crystals, such as Curie temperature, Raman spectra, exponential gain coefficient （Г） and thin crystal sheet effect, were measured. The results showed that the two spectra resembling Ce：Nd：KLN crystal were of tetragonal tungsten bronze structure, the exponential gain coefficient of Ce：Nd：KLN crystal was higher than that of KLN crystals and Ce：Nd：KLN crystal had thin crystal sheet effect, for its exponential gain coefficient increasing with crystal sheet thinning. The thin crystal sheet effect of Ce：Nd：KLN crystal was also discussed.

Spectroscopic properties of vacancies and trap levels in Lu_3Al_5O_(12):Ce^(3+) crystals

In order to study the spectroscopic properties of vacancies and trap levels in Lu3Al5O12:Ce 3+(LuAG:Ce 3+)crystal,the <111>-oriented LuAG:Ce3 +crystal grown in pure nitrogen atmosphere by Czochralski method was annealed in oxidizing atmosphere (air)and reducing atmosphere(H2+N2),respectively.The excitation and emission spectra of LuAG-Ce 3+ crystal after different thermal annealing treatments were measured in the temperature range of 8:450 K,and the thermally stimulated luminescence curves of LuAG-Ce3 +crystal were characterized.It is found that the oxygen vacancies in LuAG:Ce 3+crystal are effectively eliminated through the annealing treatment in air and four trap levels are observed in as-grown LuAG:Ce 3+ crystal with temperature position peaking at 110,210,325 and 475℃,respectively.

铜结晶器表面双脉冲共沉积制备Co-Ni-Ce防护镀层

为了提高铜结晶器的防护能力,延长其使用寿命,本文利用双脉冲在氨基磺酸体系下共沉积制备Co-Ni-Ce防护镀层,研究Co(SO_(3)NH_(2))2·4H_(2)O质量浓度、脉冲电流密度、电信号控制以及CeCl_(3)·7H_(2)O质量浓度等工艺参数对镀层硬度的影响。实验结果表明,最优工艺参数为Co(SO_(3)NH_(2))2·4H_(2)O质量浓度33.3 g/L,脉冲电流密度4 A/dm^(2),占空比40%,脉冲频率20 kHz,CeCl_(3)·7H_(2)O质量浓度2 g/L;硬度达到559.01 HV;Co-Ni-Ce镀层形貌致密,晶粒分布均匀。添加Ce以后,合金衍射峰择优取向由(111)向(200)转变,无金属单质相生成。

Crystallization mechanism of CeAlFeCo bulk metallic glasses

Crystallization behaviors of Ce60Al15Fe5+xCo20-x(x=0,5,10) bulk metallic glasses(BMGs) were studied by means of differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The crystallization processes of different samples were simulated by JMA equation.Experimental results demonstrated that incubation and crystallization time increased with decreasing isothermal temperature for the same sample.The crystallization mechanism of CeAlFeCo BMGs was discussed.

Lu^(3+)掺杂Na_(5)Y_(9)F_(32)∶Ho^(3+)/Yb^(3+)/Ce^(3+)单晶体的增强红色上转换发光与光学温度传感性能

采用密封的坩埚下降法技术生长了一系列Lu^(3+)(摩尔分数0、0.6%、1.2%、1.8%)掺杂Na_(5)Y_(9)F_(32)∶Ho^(3+)/Yb^(3+)/Ce^(3+)单晶体。在980 nm LD激发下,观察到单晶体的绿光543 nm(^(5)S_(2)/^(5)F_(4)→^(5)I_(8))、红光656 nm(^(5)F_(5)→^(5)I_(8))以及近红外750 nm(^(5)S_(2)/^(5)F4→^(5)I_(7))上转换发光。从上转换发光强度随激发光强度的变化情况,确定了543 nm、656 nm与750 nm的发光为双光子跃迁过程。研究了Lu^(3+)离子掺杂浓度对其发光强度与荧光寿命的影响情况,随着Lu^(3+)掺杂浓度从0增加到1.8%,单晶体中的656 nm红光逐步增强,543 nm绿光与750 nm近红外光随之减弱,红绿光强度比从0.01增加到了1.55,而543 nm荧光寿命从1.29 ms降低至0.99 ms。Lu^(3+)离子的掺入取代Y^(3+)晶格位,改变了单晶体的局域场环境,导致上转换发光强度的变化。基于随温度变化的上转换红光656 nm(^(5)F5→^(5)I8)与绿光543 nm(^(5)S_(2)/^(5)F4→^(5)I8)的发光强度变化,研究了1.8%Lu^(3+)掺杂Na_(5)Y_(9)F_(32)∶Ho^(3+)/Yb^(3+)/Ce^(3+)单晶体在298~448 K范围内的绝对灵敏度和相对灵敏度最大值分别为0.242%·K^(-1)和0.217%·K^(-1)。

自发成核Bridgman法生长LaBr_3∶Ce晶体

本文用垂直Bridgman自发成核的方法生长了尺寸达φ25mm×30mm的LaBr3∶Ce单晶,晶体透明,无宏观缺陷。分析了晶体生长中主要的问题,指出了原料处理的关键,并指出了自发成核条件下晶体最有可能的生长取向为[001]方向,该方向对抑制晶体开裂非常有利。

卤化镧系LnX_3(Ce)闪烁晶体的研究进展

卤化镧系LnX3(Ce)(Ln=La、Lu、Gd;X=Cl、Br、I)闪烁晶体由于其高发光效率、快衰减和高的能量分辨率等优异性能而在医学成像技术-单光子发射计算机层析扫描(SPECT)和正电子发射层析扫描(PET)中存在巨大的应用前景.本文概述了近年来LnX3(Ce) 晶体的研究进展.从原料制备出发,介绍了它们的晶体生长方法与结构,基本的物理、化学性质,主要闪烁性能、发光机制及其它掺杂效应研究等.最后,对它们未来的研究发展方向和其他应用前景作了展望.

白光LED用新型Ce,Pr掺杂的YAG单晶荧光材料的光谱性能研究

为了改善白光LED用荧光材料效率低、均匀性差、光衰大、寿命短及物化性能差等不足,本文采用单晶荧光材料取代荧光粉来制备白光LED,并对白光LED用新型YAG单晶荧光材料的制备和光谱性能进行了研究.采用提拉法生长了白光LED用Ce∶YAG及Pr,Ce∶YAG晶体,并通过吸收光谱,激发、发射光谱对晶体材料的光谱特性进行表征.研究表明,Ce∶YAG单晶荧光材料可以被发射波长460 nm左右的蓝光芯片有效激发,产生一个范围为480~650 nm宽峰发射.通过Pr3＋,Ce3＋离子共掺杂可以有效补偿Ce3＋离子单掺杂YAG荧光材料发光中的红色发光成分.

高温闪烁晶体Ce:YAP中的小角度晶界

通过腐蚀形貌和XRD摇摆曲线,观察到了垂直和平行于Ce:YAP[010]方向的两组晶面内存在的小角度晶界(镶嵌结构间界),根据SEM形貌估算出(010)面内小角晶界的夹角为51”;四晶XRD摇摆曲线的结果表明,平行于[010]向的晶面内小角晶界的夹角为58”;摇摆曲线的半峰宽为54”,根据Darwin理论算出理想晶体的半峰宽为17”,并由此分析了晶体的完整性.

高温闪烁晶体Ce∶LSO的生长研究

Ce∶LSO晶体具有优良的闪烁性能 ,其主要特点是光产额大、发光衰减时间快、密度大、有效原子序数大、辐射长度短、发射峰与光电倍增管的接收范围相匹配 ,在γ射线探测方面有着广泛的应用。我们用提拉法生长了不同掺杂浓度的Ce∶LSO晶体 ,成功地解决了在生长过程中出现的晶体开裂及籽晶熔断问题 ,并对晶体生长过程中的表面重熔、晶体着色及Ce的偏析等现象作了讨论。荧光光谱分析表明晶体最大激发波长为 35 3nm ,发射峰由 391nm和 42 5nm处两个峰组成 ,吸收谱则显示晶体在 2 0 9～ 370nm之间具有多个吸收峰。

氟化物激光晶体Cr∶LiSAF的坩埚下降法生长

报道了氟化物激光晶体Cr∶LiSAF的坩埚下降法生长工艺。采用经氟化处理的无水氟化物原料 ,按照LiF∶SrF2 ∶(AlF3 +CrF3 ) =1∶1∶1的摩尔比配料 ,控制炉体温度于 90 0～940℃ ,晶体生长速度为 0 .4～ 0 .8mm /h ,通过密闭条件下的坩埚下降法生长出大尺寸 ( 2 5mm× 85mm )