Atom economy of the process of rare earth separation by using fluoride was discussed in this paper.We compared the atomic economic characters between the processes of vitriolic composite salt and fluoride,then stated ...Atom economy of the process of rare earth separation by using fluoride was discussed in this paper.We compared the atomic economic characters between the processes of vitriolic composite salt and fluoride,then stated that changing present rare earth producing process by green chemistry and technology transformation was the best way to make our rare earth manufacture prosperous.展开更多
采用传统的熔融淬冷法在空气气氛下成功制备了Ce3+-Tb3+共掺的含有新型立方相Na Lu F4纳米晶的微晶玻璃.通过XRD分析可知微晶玻璃中析出的是与立方相Na YF4同构的新型立方相Na Lu F4纳米晶.利用TEM观察到纳米晶粒均匀地分布在玻璃基质中...采用传统的熔融淬冷法在空气气氛下成功制备了Ce3+-Tb3+共掺的含有新型立方相Na Lu F4纳米晶的微晶玻璃.通过XRD分析可知微晶玻璃中析出的是与立方相Na YF4同构的新型立方相Na Lu F4纳米晶.利用TEM观察到纳米晶粒均匀地分布在玻璃基质中,大小约为20 nm.利用荧光光谱及寿命曲线系统地研究了样品的荧光特性.在315 nm近紫外光激发下,通过有效的能量传递,在Ce3+-Tb3+共掺样品中不仅得到了Ce3+的近紫外光发射,还得到了Tb3+的黄绿光发射.另外,析晶之后,共掺样品的发光强度得到了增强,这可以归因于部分稀土离子进入到了析出的立方相Na Lu F4纳米晶中.研究结果表明,该微晶玻璃是一种优异的发光基质材料,在光电子领域中具有潜在的应用价值.展开更多
闪烁体探测器γ能谱测量中,闪烁光子的产生、传输及光电器件收集、倍增均对能谱的分辨有巨大影响。为了精确模拟闪烁体探测器的能量分辨,采用蒙特卡洛模拟软件GEANT4建立了一套模型,分别对Na I(TI),LaBr_3:0.5%Ce^(3+)闪烁体探测器测量...闪烁体探测器γ能谱测量中,闪烁光子的产生、传输及光电器件收集、倍增均对能谱的分辨有巨大影响。为了精确模拟闪烁体探测器的能量分辨,采用蒙特卡洛模拟软件GEANT4建立了一套模型,分别对Na I(TI),LaBr_3:0.5%Ce^(3+)闪烁体探测器测量能量为662 ke V的γ射线能谱进行模拟,获得的结果与实验测试结果能够很好的符合,验证了建立模型合理性与可靠性,为闪烁体的设计提供了一套更精确的开发工具。展开更多
We have investigated properties of the compound LuAlO3：Ce^3＋ associated with the Ce^3＋ 4f-5d transition by using the periodic density functional theory. A hybrid functional has been used for the 4f states and a con...We have investigated properties of the compound LuAlO3：Ce^3＋ associated with the Ce^3＋ 4f-5d transition by using the periodic density functional theory. A hybrid functional has been used for the 4f states and a constrained approach has been employed for the excited 5d state. It is found that the average distance between Ce^3＋ and the eight nearest-neighbor O atoms decrease by 0.05 A on going from 4f to 5d state. The calculated Stokes shift is in good agreement with experiment. Based on the optimized structure around Ce^3＋, the energy level scheme of the 5d states has been evaluated using the angular overlap model, in reasonable agreement with experiment.展开更多
The electronic structures of LiYF4：Ce^3＋ and LiYF4 crystal simulated by an embedded （in a microcrystal containing 1938 ions） cluster CeY4Li8F24, and Y5LisF24 respectively, were computed by the ab initio self-consi...The electronic structures of LiYF4：Ce^3＋ and LiYF4 crystal simulated by an embedded （in a microcrystal containing 1938 ions） cluster CeY4Li8F24, and Y5LisF24 respectively, were computed by the ab initio self-consistent relativistic DV-Xa （discrete variational Xa） method. The ground-state calculation showed that only the lowest 5d level Ed of Ce^3＋ ion lies around the BCB （bottom of the conduction band） while the lowest 4f levels is 2.5 eV lower than BCB. The CB states consist of 4d of Y mixed with 5d of Ce, even for the wavefunctions （WFS） with energy Ed under BCB there are still 24% of Y-4d and 9% of F-2p as components. So, they are not pure crystal-field states at all. Furthermore, transition state （TS） calculation was performed to obtain the 4f→5d transition energies Efd, to improve the previous calculation performed by Andriessen et al, in which a small CeF8 cluster embedded in an array of point charge was used and the results of ground-state calculation were roughly used to compare with the observed 4f→5 d transition energies. The ionic radius of Ce^3＋ is larger than that of y^3＋ , so we had also modeled approximately the lattice relaxation. As results, the CeY4Li8F24 cluster with 4.56 % outward relaxation （of the nearest-neighbor and next nearest-neighbor eight fluorines） has the lowest total energy and gave satisfactory 4f→5d energies Efd, but the ground-state calculated Ed is 0.68 eV higher than BCB. For another cluster with 7.36% outward relaxation the Ed is 0.43 eV lower than BCB, which makes the observation of fine structure （including zero-phonon line） of the lowest 5 d band understandable easier, but the splits between the transition energies Efd were not as good as the former. Therefore, we consider the relaxation is some how around 4. 56% -7.36% outward, not as large as 10% proposed by Andriessen et al.展开更多
文摘Atom economy of the process of rare earth separation by using fluoride was discussed in this paper.We compared the atomic economic characters between the processes of vitriolic composite salt and fluoride,then stated that changing present rare earth producing process by green chemistry and technology transformation was the best way to make our rare earth manufacture prosperous.
文摘采用传统的熔融淬冷法在空气气氛下成功制备了Ce3+-Tb3+共掺的含有新型立方相Na Lu F4纳米晶的微晶玻璃.通过XRD分析可知微晶玻璃中析出的是与立方相Na YF4同构的新型立方相Na Lu F4纳米晶.利用TEM观察到纳米晶粒均匀地分布在玻璃基质中,大小约为20 nm.利用荧光光谱及寿命曲线系统地研究了样品的荧光特性.在315 nm近紫外光激发下,通过有效的能量传递,在Ce3+-Tb3+共掺样品中不仅得到了Ce3+的近紫外光发射,还得到了Tb3+的黄绿光发射.另外,析晶之后,共掺样品的发光强度得到了增强,这可以归因于部分稀土离子进入到了析出的立方相Na Lu F4纳米晶中.研究结果表明,该微晶玻璃是一种优异的发光基质材料,在光电子领域中具有潜在的应用价值.
文摘闪烁体探测器γ能谱测量中,闪烁光子的产生、传输及光电器件收集、倍增均对能谱的分辨有巨大影响。为了精确模拟闪烁体探测器的能量分辨,采用蒙特卡洛模拟软件GEANT4建立了一套模型,分别对Na I(TI),LaBr_3:0.5%Ce^(3+)闪烁体探测器测量能量为662 ke V的γ射线能谱进行模拟,获得的结果与实验测试结果能够很好的符合,验证了建立模型合理性与可靠性,为闪烁体的设计提供了一套更精确的开发工具。
基金ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.10804001 and No.11074003）, the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry, and the program for innovative research team in Anhui Normal University of China.
文摘We have investigated properties of the compound LuAlO3：Ce^3＋ associated with the Ce^3＋ 4f-5d transition by using the periodic density functional theory. A hybrid functional has been used for the 4f states and a constrained approach has been employed for the excited 5d state. It is found that the average distance between Ce^3＋ and the eight nearest-neighbor O atoms decrease by 0.05 A on going from 4f to 5d state. The calculated Stokes shift is in good agreement with experiment. Based on the optimized structure around Ce^3＋, the energy level scheme of the 5d states has been evaluated using the angular overlap model, in reasonable agreement with experiment.
文摘The electronic structures of LiYF4：Ce^3＋ and LiYF4 crystal simulated by an embedded （in a microcrystal containing 1938 ions） cluster CeY4Li8F24, and Y5LisF24 respectively, were computed by the ab initio self-consistent relativistic DV-Xa （discrete variational Xa） method. The ground-state calculation showed that only the lowest 5d level Ed of Ce^3＋ ion lies around the BCB （bottom of the conduction band） while the lowest 4f levels is 2.5 eV lower than BCB. The CB states consist of 4d of Y mixed with 5d of Ce, even for the wavefunctions （WFS） with energy Ed under BCB there are still 24% of Y-4d and 9% of F-2p as components. So, they are not pure crystal-field states at all. Furthermore, transition state （TS） calculation was performed to obtain the 4f→5d transition energies Efd, to improve the previous calculation performed by Andriessen et al, in which a small CeF8 cluster embedded in an array of point charge was used and the results of ground-state calculation were roughly used to compare with the observed 4f→5 d transition energies. The ionic radius of Ce^3＋ is larger than that of y^3＋ , so we had also modeled approximately the lattice relaxation. As results, the CeY4Li8F24 cluster with 4.56 % outward relaxation （of the nearest-neighbor and next nearest-neighbor eight fluorines） has the lowest total energy and gave satisfactory 4f→5d energies Efd, but the ground-state calculated Ed is 0.68 eV higher than BCB. For another cluster with 7.36% outward relaxation the Ed is 0.43 eV lower than BCB, which makes the observation of fine structure （including zero-phonon line） of the lowest 5 d band understandable easier, but the splits between the transition energies Efd were not as good as the former. Therefore, we consider the relaxation is some how around 4. 56% -7.36% outward, not as large as 10% proposed by Andriessen et al.
