Effect of Roasting Conditions of Rich Cerium Rare Earth Carbonate on Crystallite Morphology and Polishing Ability of Ceria-Based Rare Earth Oxide

The granule shape and crystal structure of the the ceria-based rare earth oxide which were roasted at 600～1050 ℃ for 2～6 h and then cooled in furnace, cooled out of furnace or cooled in water were studied by means of XRD and SEM. The results revealed that the rich cerium rare earth carbonate could be changed into the rare earth oxide which was a kind of sandwich made of globose granule whose diameter was between 0.5～3.0 μm after being roasted in 900 ℃ for 2 h. This kind of crystal lattice in rare earth oxide belonged to face-centered cubic lattice and its space between crystal surface {111} and {200} (viz. L111 and L200) would enlarge as the roasting temperature increasing. With increasing roasting temperature, L111 would rise straightly upward, and L200 would rise straightly upward when roasting time was 2～4 h but changed little when roasting time was 4～6 h. The glass-polishing experiments found that the polishing ability of the ceria-based rare earth oxide was the best as L111 was 43～53 nm and the L200 was 43～56 nm.

Comparison of Properties of Bastnasite and Fluorocarbonate Rare-earth Polishing Powders

By means of DTA TG, XRD, SEM etc ., the particles configuration, crystal structure, chemical composition and other physical properties of bastnasite rare earth polishing powder and fluorocarbonate rare earth polishing powder were comparatively analyzed. The mechanism of the performance differences between two kinds of polishing powders was also investigated.

Development of Application of RE Polishing Materials

The manufacturing method and functions of the RE polishing powder and comparation of the current situation of its production and application home and abroad were introduced.By analyzing the development of the liquid crystal (plate) display, the wide application of the RE polishing powder in the field of the liquid crystal display and predicts the development direction of the market of the RE polishing powder was presented.In addition, the development trends of the RE polishing powder industry and forecasts the application prospect of the RE polishing powder was analyzed.

Laser surface cladding of ZM5 Mg-base alloy with Al+Y powder

The surface properties of ZM5 Mg-base alloy were modified by laser cladding with Al+Y powder. Laser cladding was carried out with a 5 kW continuous wave CO2 laser by melting the preplaced powder mixture of Al and Y. Following laser cladding, the cladding zone was characterized by a detailed microstructural observation and phase analysis. Moreover, the microhardness and element distribution were evaluated in detail. The surface modified layer consists of Mg17Al12 and Al4MgY phases, while α-Mg and Mg17Al12 in the substrate. The microhardness of the cladding zone was significantly enhanced as high as HV122180 as compared to HV6080 of the substrate region. The maximal hardness about HV224 is in the interface due to the formation of intermetallic Mg17Al12 phase. The microstructure is refined and Mg diffuses into the cladding material which leads to the formation of Mg17Al12.

Study on purification and application of novel precipitant for ceria-based polishing powder

Novel precipitant prepared through carbonation with MgCl2 wastewater generated from rare earth extraction separation process and low-price dolomite as raw materials was studied in this paper. The purification methods of novel precipitant by adding appropriate oxidizing agent were studied. It was found that optimal purification result could be achieved with sodium hypochlorite as iron removal reagent and the iron removal rate could reach up to 90% when the adding amount was 0.1 vol.%. During the preparation, the particle size and distribution of ceria-based polishing powder were affected obviously by the parameters such as concentration, reaction temperature and feeding rate. The results showed that ceria-based polishing powder with D50 =2.5-3.5 μm and the particle size distribution of 0.65-0.75 μm could be prepared when the concentration of CeCl3 was 0.6 mol/L, the reaction temperature was maintained at 50 °C and the feeding speed was controlled at 25 ml/min. Compared with commercial powder, the self-made polishing powder had roughly the same cutting amount, but the surface finish of polished glass was better than that of commercial polishing powder.

Kinetics study on leaching of rare earth and aluminum from polishing powder waste using hydrochloric acid

In this study,a novel hydrometallurgical process consisting of hydrochloric acid three-stage countercurrent leaching and solvent extraction was proposed to recover rare earth oxide(REO)from the rare earth polishing powder waste(REPPW).The effects of HCl concentration,liquid-solid ratio(L/S ratio),temperature and time on the leaching yields of rare earths(in REO)and aluminum(in Al2O3)were studied.The result shows that the leaching yields of REO and Al2O3 are 90.96%and 43.89%respectively under the optimum leaching parameters of HCl concentration=8.00 mol/L,L/S ratio=4 mL/g,leaching temperature=353 K and leaching time=180 min.Meanwhile,the leaching kinetics of REO and Al2O3 were investigated in this study.The leaching behaviors of REO and Al2O3 follow a shrinking sphere/core model and the general leaching process is controlled by the surface chemical reaction.The leaching activation energies of REO and Al2O3 are 9.86 and 13.68 kJ/mol,respectively.The leaching yield of each substance in three-stage countercurrent leaching is improved substantially compared with single-stage leaching,with a change from 90.96%to 95.38%for REO and from 43.89%to 46.22%for Al2O3,respectively.Especially,the total concentration of REO in three-stage countercurrent leaching solution is greatly increased to above 300 g/L,and the acidity of which is decreased to ca.pH=2,which is conducive to subsequent solvent extraction directly.High purity REO(99.92%)is obtained by solvent extraction separation,oxalate precipitation and calcination.The total recovery yield of REO is 85.13%.

A hydrometallurgical method of energy saving type for separation of rare earth elements from rare earth polishing powder wastes with middle fraction of ceria

This study described a hydrometallurgical method to investigate the separation of rare earth elements（REEs）from rare earth polishing powder wastes（REPPWs）containing large amounts of rare earth oxides with a major phase of CeO2 and minor phases of La2O3,Pr2O3,and Nd2O3 using a process devised by the authors.The suggested approach consisted of five processes：the synthesis of NaR E（SO4）2·xH2O from rare earth oxides in Na2SO4-H2SO4-H2 O solutions（Process 1）,the conversion of NaR E（SO4）2·xH2O into RE（OH）3 using NaO H（Process 2）,and the oxidation of Ce（OH）3 into Ce（OH）4 using air with O2 injection（Process 3）,followed by Processes 4 and 5 for separation of REEs by acid leaching using HCl and H2SO4,respectively.To confirm the high yield of NaR E（SO4）2·xH2O in Process 1,experiments were carried out under various Na2SO4 concentrations（0.4–2.5 mol/L）,sulfuric acid concentrations（6–14 mol/L）,and reaction temperatures（95–125 oC）.In addition,the effect of the pH value on the separation of Ce（OH）4 in HCl-H2 O solutions with Ce（OH）4,La-,Pr-,and Nd（OH）3 in Process 4 was also investigated.On the basis of above results,the possibility of effective separation of REEs from REPPWs could be confirmed.

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al_(89)Gd_7Ni_3Fe Alloy Extruded from Its Amorphous Powders

The microstructures and mechanical properties of Als9 GdTNi3Fe alloy extruded from its amorphous powder were investigated at different temperatures. Devitrification process of amorphous phase was also analyzed. As a result, the microstructure of the extruded alloy consists of fee α-Al, binary intermetallic Al3Gd and ternary intermetallic r l phase. The grain size of α-Al is fine. The intermetallic Al3Gd exists as equiaxed particle and τ1 phase appears rod like.

光学玻璃抛光用稀土抛光粉的制备

以碳酸稀土为原料制备稀土抛光粉,研究了焙烧、分级等工艺条件对制备光学用高性能稀土抛光粉的影响。通过抛光机理,分析影响抛光粉抛光能力的因素,从而找出最佳工艺条件,生产出适合光学玻璃抛光的高性能稀土抛光粉。

无氟铈基稀土抛光粉制备过程的研究

以碳酸铈为原料制备了无氟铈基稀土抛光粉实验样品,并采用激光粒度仪、X射线衍射仪和透射电子显微镜等分析了无氟铈基稀土抛光粉制备过程的组织结构变化。结果表明,制备的无氟铈基稀土抛光粉是一种在CeO2中固溶Ce3+的固溶体,其焙烧过程中产生新相的相变阻力的主要因素可能为总的界面能。

TCE高性能稀土抛光粉的制备及影响因素的研究

研究了高铈稀土抛光粉的制备方法,并讨论分析了制备过程中,湿式粉碎时间、烧成条件和添加剂等因素的影响作用。

氧化铈抛光粉精密分级控制粒度的研究

通过粒度分析对日本和国内稀土抛光粉的粒度及其分布进行了比较 ,通过精密分级考察了抛光粉最大颗粒对抛光过程划痕的影响。研究发现 ,控制最大颗粒的粒径 ,可有效地消除抛光的划痕现象。

银/稀土氧化物触点材料的制备

为了开发替代AgCdO的新型触点材料,本研究采用粉末冶金法制备了Ag/REO复合材料。利用球磨机干磨混合10h,然后冷等静压(压力200MPa,保压时间30min),在RX6-15加热炉中加热到800℃,利用TXJ-650挤压机热挤压,最后在800℃进行锻造,并对不同工艺后材料的组织和性能进行了研究。结果表明,此种方法生产的材料具有较高的致密度,相对密度达到95%以上,且保证了La2O3均匀的弥散分布在Ag基体中。该材料还具有优良的力学和电学性能,硬度为29HB,电导率达到了61×104s/m,接近纯银的导电性,可满足触点材料的要求,是有希望替代AgCdO的新型触点材料。该研究为Ag/REO触点材料的规模化生产提供了新的途径。

从稀土抛光粉废料中回收稀土试验研究

研究了从稀土抛光粉废料中回收稀土,考察了稀土抛光粉预处理方式、焙烧产物粒度、氢氧化钠用量、焙烧温度和焙烧时间对稀土的盐酸浸出率的影响。试验结果表明,稀土抛光粉加NaOH焙烧,NaOH用量与抛光粉质量比为0.18、焙烧温度450℃、焙烧时间2.5h最优条件下,稀土的盐酸浸出率平均高于98%。

含氟铈基稀土抛光粉的制备及其抛光性能

以碳酸镧铈为前驱体,采用氢氟酸氟化、高温焙烧、机械搅拌磨的方法制备中位粒径较小的含氟铈基稀土抛光粉。结果表明,所得产物中固溶体具有立方萤石结构;随着氟掺杂量的增加,开始析出四方结构的LaOF相,CeO2的XRD特征峰向右偏移,结晶度提高,粉体的振实密度随之增大;对光学玻璃的抛光能力在氟掺杂量为6%时出现极大值,被抛光物体的表面光洁度随氟掺杂量的增大而下降。

氟碳铈矿稀土抛光粉与氟碳酸盐稀土抛光粉性能研究

采用差热热重分析、Ｘ射线粉末法、电子显微术、物理及化学分析等手段，对比分析了氟碳铈矿稀土抛光粉和氟碳酸盐稀土抛光粉的外观形貌、晶体结构、化学成份及物理性能，并探讨了两种试制样品性能差异的机理。

附壁效应在稀土抛光粉工艺精密气流分级的应用和推广

本文阐述了首次采用附壁效应原理成功地对稀土抛光粉进行了多产品分级 ,它克服了传统离心式分级的诸多缺陷 ,使微粉分级的精度和效率提高到了新的水平 ,值得我国同行密切关注和推广应用。

稀土抛光粉的生产及应用

综述了稀土抛光粉的各种制造工艺及其在玻璃抛光领域的应用现状 ,以稀土抛光粉不同的化学成分、粒度、用途等对稀土抛光粉进行了归纳分类 ,介绍了国内外稀土抛光粉生产企业的生产规模、产品特点 ,对国内外稀土抛光粉的制备工艺流程进行了归纳 ,阐述了稀土抛光粉的抛光工艺及抛光机理 ,重点讨论了稀土抛光粉的应用领域 ,预测了稀土抛光粉市场的未来 。

稀土La含量对铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用粉末冶金方法制备含稀土La的铜基摩擦材料,研究稀土元素La的添加量对材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响规律。结果表明,随着La含量增加,材料的硬度增加,抗压强度先增大后减小,同时材料的摩擦因数减小,磨损量先减小后增大。添加La质量分数为1.5%的Cu基摩擦材料的力学性能和摩擦性能最好。稀土元素La对铜基摩擦材料改性作用表现为细化晶粒,改善材料的微观组织结构,增强磨损表面氧化膜的稳定性,产生固溶强化和弥散强化,提高了材料的力学性能和摩擦学性能。

稀土抛光粉在眼镜玻璃抛光中研磨条件的研究

采用正交试验设计和方差分析的方法,研究了稀土抛光粉抛光眼镜玻璃过程中,中位径、晶粒大小和料浆浓度等因素对抛光过程的影响。利用库尔特粒度仪、X射线衍射仪、ZXZ-Ⅰ型真空泵和双轴复面曲精度抛光机等设备考察分析了稀土抛光粉的各项物理指标和研削能力。结果表明:对于普通光白玻璃片的抛光,稀土抛光粉的中位径在2.5～4.5μm之间,晶粒大小在550?左右,抛光粉料浆浓度为250g/L时,其抛光效率最好。