Microstructure and corrosion behavior of as-cast ADC12 alloy with rare earth Yb addition and hot extrusion

The effects of rare earth ytterbium(Yb)addition and hot extrusion on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of as-cast ADC12 were studied by optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The experimental results demonstrate that both the Si phase andβ-Al5FeSi phase in the alloy with 0.9 wt%Yb have been remarkably refined,and the Al3Yb intermetallic compound has also been obtained.The Si,β-Al5FeSi,and rare earth phases are further refined in the alloy at 0.9 wt%Yb and hot extrusion.The results of the immersion corrosion tests and electrochemical experiments show that the corrosion current density(8.56μA/cm2)of the alloy with 0.9 wt%Yb addition and hot extrusion is 50.6%lower than the untreated alloy(17.33μA/cm2),and the polarization resistance(9252Ω·cm2)was 71.3%higher than the untreated alloy(2654Ω·cm2).The corrosion in the cathode phase in the micro-battery was refined to varying degrees attributable to the addition of Yb and hot extrusion,where the cathode reaction in the corrosion process caused a decrease of the corrosion rate.

Microstructure and corrosion resistance of sintered NdFeB magnet modified by intergranular additions of MgO and ZnO

Microstructure and corrosion resistance of sintered Nd15Dy1.2Fe77Al0.8B6 and Nd22Fe71B7 magnets modified by intergranular addition of MgO and ZnO were investigated. Both the remanence and sintering density of the magnets increased slightly with intergranular additions of MgO and ZnO. There was a remarkable increase in coercivity of Nd22Fe71B7 after addition. Besides, the effects on magnetic properties and an improved corrosion resistance were observed. Compared with the native magnets without addition, corrosion potential of the magnets with MgO and ZnO additives was more positive and the current density in the anodic branch of the polarization curve was reduced. Corrosion resistance resulting from autoclave testing （2×10^5 Pa of steam pressure, 120 ℃） showed that the corrosion rate of NdFeB magnets reduced with the increase of additive amount. Microstructure observation revealed that MgO and ZnO additives were incorporated into the intergranular phases in the magnets. With the introduction of MgO and ZnO, more intergranular phase with high oxygen content was formed while keeping the volume fraction of all the intergranular phases almost unchanged, which may contribute to improved corrosion resistance. Furthermore, addition of MgO and ZnO refined the grain size of Nd22Fe71B7.

Effect of rare earth additives on alumina fiber development in Ti-Al intermetallic matrix composites

Al2O3(f)/TiAl composites were synthesized by an exothermic reaction method using Ti,Al and TiO2 powders doped with Nb2O5 and La2O3. The effect of Nb2O5 and La2O3 additives on the growth and morphology of the fibers, the phases and microstructure of the composites were investigated by means of XRD and SEM. The result indicates that the in situ alumina fiber can be developed in Ti-Al matrix with the Ti/Al mole ratio of 1:2-1:7, and the addition of rare earth powders can improve the dispersion of the fibers in the matrix and increase the length-to-diameter ratio of the fibers.

Effects of La addition on the microstructure and tensile properties of Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloys

The effects of La addition on the microstructure and tensile properties of B-refmed and Sr-modified A1-1 1Si-1.5Cu-0.3Mg cast- ing alloys were investigated. With a trace addition of La （0.05wt%-0. lwt%）, the mutual poisoning effect between B and Sr can be neutral- ized by the formation of LaB6 rather than SrB6. By employing a La/B weight ratio of 2：1, uniform microstructures, which are characterized by well refined ct-A1 grains and adequately modified eutectic Si particles as well as the incorporation of precipitated strengthening intermetal- lics, are obtained and lead to appreciable tensile properties with an ultimate tensile strength of 270 MPa and elongation of 5.8%.

Influence of Microstructure Refinement on Strain Strengthening Effect of Cu-Ag Alloy in situ Filamentary Composites

The Cu-10Ag and Cu-10Ag-RE （RE=Ce, Y） alloys in situ filamentary composites were prepared. The relationships of the ultimate tensile strengths （UTS） and microstructure changes of the composites were studied. With increasing of the true strain η, the sizes of the Ag filaments in the composites reduce according to a negative exponential function of η:d=d0·exp（-0.228η）, and the UTS of the composites increase also according to a exponential function of η, σ Cu/Ag=σ 0（Cu）+[k Cu/Agd0 -1/2]exp（η/3）, here d0 is a coefficient related to the original size of Ag phase. The strain strengthening follows a two-stage strengthening effect. The strengthening mechanisms are related to changes of microstructure in the deformation process. At the low true strain stage, the strengthening is mainly caused by the working hardening controlled by dislocation increasing; at the high true strain stage, the strengthening is mainly caused by the super-fine Ag filaments and the large coherent interfaces between the Ag filaments and Cu matrix. The trace RE additions and the rapid solidification obviously refine scales of the Ag filament of the composites, and therefore obviously increased the strain strengthening rate. The microstructure refinement of the composites, especially the refinement of Ag filament, is the main reason of the high strain strengthening effect in Cu-Ag alloy in situ filamentary composites.

Coercivity enhancement of Ce-Fe-B sintered magnets by low-melting point intergranular additive

Ce-Fe-B sintered magnets with enhanced coercivity were prepared by the powder metallurgy method. The mechanism of the coercivity enhancement in Ce-Fe-B sintered magnets with the low-melting point intergranular additive was discussed in details. It was speculated that the low coercivity of Ce-Fe-B sintered magnet was related to the irregular sharps and relatively low magneto-anisotropy field of the matrix phase. After introducing a 20 wt.% Nd-based intergranular additive, the coercivity markedly increased from 108 Oe to 2560 Oe due to the formation of thin and continuous grain boundary layers and the surface modification of the matrix phase grains. Additionally, the formation of the high anisotropy field（Nd,Ce）_2Fe_（14）B shell was beneficial to the increase of the coercivity as well. This work suggested that adding low-melting point intergranular additives was effective to fabricate the practical Ce-Fe-B sintered magnets.

Influence of neodymium addition on microstructure,tensile properties and fracture behavior of cast Al-Mg_2Si metal matrix composite

The influence of Nd on the microstructures, tensile properties and fracture behavior of cast Al-18 wt.%Mg2Si/n situ metal matrix composite was investigated. Experimental results showed that, after introducing a proper amount of Nd, both primary and eutectic Mg2Si in the Al-18 wt.%Mg2Si composite were well modified. The morphology of primary MgaSi was changed fi＇om irregular or dendritic to polyhedral shape, and its average particle size was significantly decreased from 47.5 to 13.0 μm. Moreover, the morphology of the eutectic Mg2Si phase was altered from flake-like to a thin laminar, short fibrous or dot-like structure. Tensile tests revealed that Nd addition improved the tensile strength and ductility of the material. Compared with those of unmodified composite, the ultimate tensile strength and percentage elongation with 0.5% Nd were increased by 32.4% and 200%, respectively. At the same time, Nd addition changed the fracture behavior from brittle to ductile.

Dependence of magnetic properties on microstructure and composition of Ce-Fe-B sintered magnets

In this paper,dependence of magnetic properties on microstructure and composition of Ce-Fe-B sintered magnets with Cu-doped Ce-rich alloy addition was investigated.It shows that the maximum energy product(BH)(max)and coercivity H(cj)of Ce-Fe-B sintered magnet are improved from 6.76 to 9.13 MGOe by 35.1%,and from 1.44 to 1.67 kOe by 16.0%,respectively,via adding 5 wt%liquid phase alloy of Ce(35.58)Fe(57.47)Cu6 B(0.95)(at%).Compared with the magnet without Cerich alloy addition,the volume fraction of the grain-boundary phase with low melting point increases in the magnet with Ce-rich alloy additio n,which is be ne ficial to imp roving the microstructure and promoting the coercivity enhancement of the magnet.In the Ce-Fe-B magnet with Ce-rich alloy addition,Cu and Ce enrich in the grain boundaries of the magnet after annealing,therefore the as-annealed magnet has a higher coercivity than the as-sintered magnet.A distinct Fe-rich layer with the average thickness of 60 nm is found in the grain boundaries in the magnet without Ce-rich alloy addition,but it seems that Fe-rich phase disappears in the magnet with Ce-rich alloy addition.The present work suggests that the further improvement of coercivity in the Ce-Fe-B sintered magnets is expectable by designing the composition and structure of added liquid phase alloys.

Magnetic properties and microstructure of nanocrystalline bulk Nd-Fe-B with Ce-Co addition

The influence of Ce-Co alloy addition and sintering holding time on permanent magnetic properties and micro structure of nanocrystalline Nd-Fe-B bulk alloy were investigated.The coercivity of Nd-Fe-B bulk alloy can be enhanced greatly by more than 100% after adding Ce-Co powders.However,when the concentration of Ce-Co is up to 30 wt%,the density of the magnet can reach the maximum value of 7.58 g/cm^(3),but the coercivity does not increase significantly.On the other hand,with the increase of holding time to 10 min,the density and coercivity of magnets increase gradually,reaching up to 7.55 g/cm^(3) and 1134.3 kA/m,respectively.After the addition of Ce-Co alloy,Ce-Co may easily diffuse into the Nd-Fe-B matrix during hot-pressing and under the high pressure and temperature,thus increasing the content of grain boundary phase and the pinning effect of grain boundary,which leads to the increase of coercivity.The extension of the hot-pressing holding time may be more conducive to the diffusion of CeCo into the Nd-Fe-B matrix.In addition,the effect of Ce-Co addition on the magnetic properties of Nd-FeB with different content of rare earth was also studied.The addition of Ce-Co can effectively increase the coercivity of nanocomposite Nd_(2)Fe_(14)B/α-Fe magnets.The addition of Nb to the parent alloy can further improve the coercivity.For Nd_(11)Fe_(81.5)Nb_(1)Ga_(0.5)B_(6) alloy with 10 wt% Ce-Co addition,the coercivity can increase from 740.28 to 1098.48 kA/m.

Mg-Gd-Y-Mn耐热镁合金的压缩变形行为研究

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机对Mg-Gd-Y-Mn稀土镁合金在温度为300～500℃、应变速率为0.001～1.0s-1、最大变形程度为60%的条件下,进行恒应变速率高温压缩模拟实验研究.分析了实验合金高温变形时流变应力与应变速率及变形温度之间的关系以及组织变化,计算了表观激活能及相应的应力指数,为选择这种合金的热变形加工条件提供了实验依据.结果表明:合金的稳态流变应力随应变速率的增大而增大,在恒应变速率条件下,合金的真应力水平随温度的升高而降低;在给定的变形条件下,计算得出的表观激活能和应力指数分别为200kJ·mol-1和5.1.根据实验分析,合金的热加工宜在400～500℃温度范围内进行.

稀土元素的微合金化对Cu-Co-Ni合金巨磁电阻效应的影响

稀土元素的微合金化对熔体快淬Cu Co Ni合金巨磁电阻 (GiantMagnetoResistance ,简称GMR)的效应影响研究表明 ,当添加稀土元素的质量分数为 0 .0 5 %～ 0 .0 7%时 ,轻稀土Ce、La、Nd可以有效地增大Cu80Co15Ni5合金的GMR值 ,其中以Ce的效果最好 ,而重稀土Dy、Tb会使GMR减小 .当添加轻稀土元素的质量分数大于 0 .1%时 ,GMR也明显减小 .分析表明 ,轻稀土元素对合金的纯化和促进使过饱和固溶体分解 ,可增加磁性粒子密度的作用 ,这也是增大GMR的主要原因 .

稀土Sm_2O_3对Mo_2NiB_2基金属陶瓷微观组织和力学性能的影响

以NiB、Mo、Cr、V、Ni等几种粉末为基本原料,并以稀土Sm_2O_3为添加剂,采用真空液相烧结法制备Mo_2NiB_2基金属陶瓷。利用XRD、SEM、EDS、洛氏硬度计和电子万能试验机等研究添加Sm_2O_3对Mo_2NiB_2基金属陶瓷微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加0.3%~0.9%的Sm_2O_3后,金属陶瓷晶粒明显细化,组织分布更加均匀,材料的硬度和抗弯强度也得到提高。当Sm_2O_3添加量为0.6%时,所得试样的晶粒最为细小,晶粒尺寸大致在0.8~3.0μm,材料的力学性能最佳,其硬度和抗弯强度分别达到HRA88.7和1550 MPa。

微量稀土元素铈对Sn-Ag-Cu无铅钎料物理性能和焊点抗拉强度的影响

研究了微量稀土元素铈对Sn-3.5Ag-0.5Cu无铅钎料的物理性能、润湿性能、焊点抗拉强度和显微组织的影响。结果表明,添加微量的铈后,钎料的导电性能提高,密度下降;铈含量(质量分数)在0.03%和0.05%时可以改善钎料的润湿性;特别是0.03%质量分数时晶粒组织最为细小均匀,焊点抗拉强度也最高;当铈含量(质量分数)大于0.1%时对钎料的性能产生不利影响,润湿时间升高,焊点抗拉强度大幅降低,因此稀土元素铈的最佳含量(质量分数)应为0.03%。

稀土对7085铝合金锻件组织和腐蚀性能的影响

采用晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀试验、硬度和电导率测试、慢应变速率拉伸试验、光学显微镜观察、透射电镜观察等试验方法,研究微量稀土对7085铝合金(Al-7.5Zn-1.5Mg-1.4Cu-0.15Zr)锻件组织和腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,与未添加稀土的铝合金锻件相比,添加0.15wt%稀土使7085铝合金组织细化,时效后硬度提高,电导率略有降低,抗晶间腐蚀、剥落腐蚀性能显著提高。尤其加入Sc后,合金的硬度提高了21.3%,剥落腐蚀性能由EB提高为PA。

氧化铈对搪瓷涂层组织及摩擦磨损性能的影响

在高温钛合金表面采用电泳沉积法预置搪瓷釉料,经烧结获得搪瓷涂层.采用扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜及SRV- 型摩擦磨损试验机研究了普通搪瓷涂层和含CeO2搪瓷涂层的组织形貌及摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:引入CeO2可以提高瓷釉的悬浮性和流动性,使其在烧结过程中形成更加致密的组织;与此同时,CeO2可以改善搪瓷涂层的显微组织,促进硬质颗粒相的弥散分布,从而有利于降低搪瓷涂层的摩擦系数,显著提高其抗磨性能.

添加Al、Mg、W、Mo对烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体磁性能与显微组织的影响

研究了在烧结ＮｄＦｅＢ磁体晶间添加Ａｌ、Ｍｇ、Ｗ、Ｍｏ等合金元素对显微组织和磁性能的影响。实验结果表明：低熔点合金元素Ａｌ、Ｍｇ能显著提高ＮｄＦｅＢ磁体的矫顽力，略微降低剩磁，对磁体的热稳定性无影响；高熔点合金元素Ｗ、Ｍｏ在不降低剩磁的情况下亦能提高磁体的矫顽力，但效果不如Ａｌ、Ｍｇ明显。显微组织分析表明，在添加低熔点和高熔点合金元素的磁体晶间发现了两种不同的新相。矫顽力的提高可归于晶间新相的出现。进一步分析表明，与传统的合金化相比，对ＮｄＦｅＢ磁体晶间区域进行微合金化是改进ＮｄＦｅＢ磁体组织与性能的一种更为有效的手段。

Cu-Cr-Zr-Ce合金时效行为和电滑动磨损性能研究

在Cu-Cr-Zr合金中加入Ce,采用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜等观察和分析了Cu-Cr-Zr-Ce合金时效析出行为,将经过拉拔和时效处理(480℃×2h)的合金线材在自制电磨损试验机上进行电滑动磨损试验,并观察其电滑动磨损表面形貌.结果表明:Cu-0.40Cr-0.11Zr-0.059Ce合金在950℃固溶1h再经480℃时效处理后,其显微硬度和导电率较高;时效前冷变形能够加快时效初期第二相的析出并显著提高合金的性能,固溶合金经60%冷变形再经480℃时效2h后,其显微硬度和导电率分别可达153HV和85.26%IACS(相对导电率);而固溶后直接时效处理的合金的显微硬度和导电率仅为121HV和71.62%IACS;合金的磨损量随加载电流的提高而增大,其主要磨损机制为粘着磨损、磨粒磨损及电蚀磨损.

稀土对Fe-36Ni因瓦合金凝固组织和铸态热塑性的影响

通过真空感应炉和Gleeble—3800热模拟试验机研究了稀土对Fe-36Ni因瓦合金凝固组织和铸态热塑性的影响。结果表明：添加0.12%Ce＋0.06%La混合稀土后,合金凝固组织显著细化,柱状晶变细变短,生长形态由直线状生长变为网篮状交错生长,等轴晶比例达40%。但添加0.12%Ce＋0.06%La混合稀土后,合金在850-1 200℃温度区间的铸态热塑性严重恶化,这主要是由于在晶界上生成了大量Fe-Ni-Ce-La稀土晶间脆性相,削弱了晶界结合力,阻止了晶界移动,以致合金热塑性的恶化。

Mg和RE对ZA27合金半固态组织的影响

研究了Mg和RE对Zr变质ZA2 7合金 460℃保温过程中微观组织的影响。结果表明 :Mg和RE的加入都能够减小固相晶粒的粗化速率。Mg的加入增加了液相率 ,从而增加了晶粒间的距离 ,减小了晶粒间相互接触的几率 ;而RE则聚集在晶粒间的液相中 ,阻碍了原子的扩散及相互接触晶粒间的焊合 ;

稀土高强铝锂合金力学性能及微观变形行为

在 2 0 90铝锂合金和添加微量稀土铈的 2 0 90铝锂合金 (2 0 90 +Ce)的拉伸性能测试的基础上 ,利用TEM技术对拉伸试样中位错组态进行了观察 ,探讨宏观力学性能与微观变形行为间的联系。结果表明 ,2 0 90 +Ce铝锂合金仍表现出较明显的共面滑移特征 ,所不同的是其滑移带比较细密均匀 ,并且具有交滑移特征 ;而不含稀土的普通 2 0 90铝锂合金中共面滑移带较粗 ,且带与带间距宽 ;弱束暗场观察发现 ,2 0 90 +Ce铝锂合金中某些大角度晶界上及附近存在较强的应变衬度 。