质子入射In靶激发L系特征X射线的角分布研究

本论文实验测量并分析了发射角以10°为间隔,125°-155°范围内,入射能量为250 keV的质子束激发In靶产生的特征L系X射线谱,根据实验测得能谱结果,综合考虑探测器的探测效率后,计算了不同探测角度下特征X射线的相对强度比L_(ι)/L_(γ1);由相对强度比L_(ι)/L_(γ1)与二阶勒让德函数P_(2)(cosθ)之间的函数关系,发现特征X射线Lι在被测能量下呈各向异性发射,推得Lι特征X射线的各向异性参数β为-0.179±0.011,进而得到In靶L_(3)亚壳层的定向度A_(20)为-0.422±0.025,实验结果与理论预测一致.根据PWBA(Plane wave born approximation)模型和ECPSSR(Energy-loss coulomb-repulsion perturbed-stationary-state relativistic)模型,计算了250 keV质子入射下,In靶L亚壳层电离截面σ及Coster-Kronig跃迁矫正因子κ,在根据各向异性参数计算L_(3)亚壳层定向度的过程中考虑了Coster-Kronig跃迁的作用.分析认为本实验碰撞速度下,通过电子转移方式产生空穴的截面比直接电离小的多,所以没有对L_(3)亚壳层定向度进行电子转移因素的修正.

富H_(2)/CO_(2)气氛下CuO-NiO/CeO_(2)催化CO-PROX性能的研究

采用分步浸渍法制备CuO-NiO/CeO_(2)催化剂,通过XRD、BET、H_(2)-TPR、Raman和XPS手段对催化剂进行表征,探究NiO-CeO_(2)前驱体焙烧温度对催化剂物化性质及富H_(2)/CO_(2)气氛下CO选择性氧化性能的影响。结果表明,前驱体焙烧温度主要影响催化剂的还原性能和氧空位的含量。当焙烧温度为500℃时,催化剂中氧空位的含量较高,其催化性能较好。在反应温度为130℃,氧过量系数为1.2,空速为20266 mL/(g·h)时,CO转化率为95.9%,CO氧化选择性为86.3%。

MnCeO_(x)催化湿式氧化处理丙烯腈废水

采用柠檬酸络合法制备了系列MnCeO_(x)催化剂,运用SEM、TEM、XRD和H_(2)-TPR等技术对其进行了表征,并将MnCeO_(x)应用于催化湿式氧化处理丙烯腈废水,考察了Mn与Ce的摩尔比、焙烧温度、反应温度等因素对处理效果的影响。结果表明:当Mn与Ce的摩尔比为7∶3、焙烧温度为500℃时,所制备的Mn_(0.7)Ce_(0.3)O_(x)催化剂活性最好,当pH 7.00、反应温度250℃、反应时间1 h时,丙烯腈废水经催化湿式氧化处理后,COD去除率为95.5%,BOD_(5)/COD从0.04提高至0.65,总氰质量浓度从9.10 mg/L降低至0.06 mg/L,去除率为99.3%;当反应温度250℃、压力7 MPa、丙烯腈废水pH 7.00、进水流量1 mL/min、停留时间1 h时,Mn_(0.7)Ce_(0.3)O_(x)在连续运行500 h后,活性组分Mnn+的质量分数从41.17%降至40.90%,COD去除率稳定在90%以上,表现出良好的活性和稳定性。

Fluorescent Comparison of Sr_2CeO_4 Prepared from Carbonate and Oxalate Precursor

A blue-emitting phosphor powder, Sr_2CeO_4, was synthesized after heat-treatment to carbonate and oxalate precursors, which were obtained by co-precipitation reactions with respective ammonium compounds as precipitants. The phase formation and chemical purity of Sr_2CeO_4 powders were studied on XRD, TGA and XPS techniques. Their fluorescent performances were investigated and compared. The photoluminescence emission spectra for the phosphor prepared from respective precursors are similar, having a broad band with the peak at about 470 nm. However, their fluorescent intensities are different after heat-treatment at same conditions. The optimum condition to achieve superior Sr_2CeO_4 phosphor is confirmed.

Neutral and metallic vs.charged and semiconducting surface layer in acceptor doped CeO_(2)

The monomolecular surface layer of acceptor doped CeO_(2) may become neutral and metallic or charged and semiconducting.This is revealed in the theoretical analysis of the oxygen pressure dependence of the surface defects concentration in acceptor doped ceria with two different dopant types and operated under different oxygen pressures.Recently published experimental data for highly reduced Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9-x(SDC)containing a fixed valence dopant Sm3+are very different from those published for Pr0.1Ce0.9O_(2)-x(PCO) with the variable valence dopant Pr4+/Pr3+being reduced under milder conditions.The theoretical analysis of these experimental results fits very well the experimental results of SDC and PCO.It leads to the following predictions:the highly reduced surface of SDC is metallic and neutral,the metallic surface electron density of state is gs=0.9×10^(38)J-1·m^(-2)(1.4×1015eV^(-1)·cm^(-2)),the electron effective mass is meff,s=3.3me,and the phase diagram of the reduced surface has theα(fcc)structure as in the bulk.In PCO a double layer is predicted to be formed between the surface and the bulk with the surface being negatively charged and semiconducting.The surface of PCO maintains high Pr^(3+) defect concentration as well as relative high oxygen vacancy concentration at oxygen pressures higher than in the bulk.The reasons for the difference between a metallic and semiconducting surface layer of acceptor doped CeO_(2) are reviewed,as well as the key theoretical considerations applied in coping with this problem.For that we make use of the experimental data and theoretical analysis available for acceptor doped ceria.

X射线透视引导下不同方式建立兔椎间盘退变模型的结果对比

背景:国内外学者认为新西兰大白兔腰椎解剖形态与人类腰椎更为相似,是理想的模型动物。在X射线引导下采用不同方式建立兔椎间盘退变模型目前尚缺乏系统性比较。目的:基于X射线引导采用针刺法、终板注射法以及改良终板注射法建立兔腰椎间盘退变模型,比较3种方法造模的效果。方法:6月龄新西兰大白兔16只随机分为4组,分别为针刺组、终板注射组、改良终板注射组及空白对照组,针刺组对3个连续节段(L2/3、L3/4、L4/5)椎间盘进行针刺造模,终板注射组在3个连续节段终板单点注射50μL无水乙醇,改良终板注射组对3个连续节段椎间盘进行针刺并在相应节段终板4个方位点注射50μL无水乙醇,空白对照组不进行干预。术后2,4,8周进行X射线检查,测量椎间隙高度指数,然后取椎间盘组织进行解剖学观察、病理学检查。结果与结论:①解剖学观察显示,针刺组以纤维环破溃为主要表现,终板注射组主要以髓核退变为主要表现,改良终板注射组以全椎间盘结构紊乱为主要表现;②与空白对照组相比,针刺组术后2周椎间隙高度指数降低最明显,终板注射组术后2,4周椎间隙高度指数降低明显,改良终板注射组术后2,4,8周椎间隙高度指数均显著降低;③病理学检查显示,针刺组纤维环结构出现破损,内层纤维环向内凸入,终板注射组表现为终板裂隙、排列混乱及细胞核丢失,改良终板注射组表现为整体椎间盘结构紊乱,髓核失水皱缩,与破损的纤维环无明显边界。结果表明,针刺法、终板注射法及改良终板注射法均能建立兔椎间盘退变模型,改良终板注射法较单一方法可大幅加快并加重椎间盘退变,可有效缩短实验周期。

金属负载量对CuO/NiO-CeO_(2)催化CO-Prox性能的影响

为深度去除富氢气中的CO,制备CO-Prox催化性能较好的催化剂是目前的研究热点。采用分步浸渍法制备了CuO/NiO-CeO_(2)催化剂,通过XRD、BET、H_(2)-TPR、HR-TEM等手段对催化剂进行表征,探究了金属Cu+Ni的负载量(金属负载量)对催化剂结构、还原性能及其CO-Prox性能的影响。结果表明,CuO/NiO-CeO_(2)催化剂中均形成了Cu/Ni-O-Ce固溶体;催化活性主要与高度分散在载体表面的Cu物种和固溶体的浓度有关;当金属负载量为8%时,高度分散在载体表面的Cu物种和固溶体的浓度较高,催化剂表现出较好的催化活性;在CO/H_(2)/CO_(2)/O_(2)/Ar气氛下、反应温度为130℃、氧过量系数为1.2、质量空速为20266 mL/(g·h)的条件下,CO转化率为95.9%,CO氧化选择性为86.3%。

Expediting^(*)OH accumulation kinetics on metal-organic frameworks-derived CoOOH with CeO_(2) “accelerator” for electrocatalytic 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation valorization

In this work,nickel foam supported CeO_(2)-modified CoBDC(BDC stands for terephthalic acid linker)metal-organic frameworks(NF/CoBDC@CeO_(2)) are prepared by hydrothermal and subsequent impregnation methods,which can be further transformed to NF/CoOOH@CeO_(2) by reconstruction during the electrocatalytic test.The obtained NF/CoOOH@CeO_(2) exhibits excellent performance in electrocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF) because the introduction of CeO_(2) can optimize the electronic structure of the heterointerface and accelerate the accumulation of ^(*)OH.It requires only a potential of 1.290 V_(RHE) to provide a current density of 50 mA cm^(-2) in 1.0 M KOH+50 mM HMF,which is 222 mV lower than that required in 1,0 M KOH(1.512 V_(RHE)).In addition,density-functional theory calculation results demonstrate that CeO_(2) biases the electrons to the CoOOH side at the heterointerface and promotes the adsorption of ^(*)OH and ^(*)HMF on the catalyst surface,which lower the reaction energy barrier and facilitate the electrocata lytic oxidation process.

过渡金属掺杂对MnO_(x)-CeO_(2)低温SCR性能的影响

通过水解驱动氧化还原法合成了掺杂过渡金属的2Mn-Ce-M(M为Fe,Cu,Ni,Cr)催化剂,考察了过渡金属掺杂对低温SCR脱硝性能的影响.其中2Mn-Ce-0.2Cr催化剂比表面积较大,氧化还原能力适中,具有丰富的酸性位点和氧空位、最高的化学吸附氧含量及酸位强度,有利于低温下NH_(3)-SCR反应的顺利进行.2Mn-Ce-0.2Cr催化剂的低温NH_(3)-SCR活性最好,能在100~225℃的宽温度区间内保持80%以上的NO_(x)转化率,在125℃时NO_(x)转化率更是达到99.1%,为中低温催化还原烟气中的NO_(x)提供了新思路.此外,2Mn-Ce-0.2Cr还具有良好的抗硫抗水能力,在150℃下,加入40×10^(-6)的SO_(2)反应5 h,其催化活性稳定在98%;在3%的水蒸气下,其效率保持在95%以上.

Notes in accordions-organized MXene equipped with CeO_(2) for synergistically adsorbing and catalyzing polysulfides for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries

Limited by the shuttle effect, the application of lithium-sulfur batteries is not impressive. As an organ layered two-dimensional(2D) material, MXene has a great electrical conductivity and high specific surface area. Meanwhile, the introduction of metal oxides can restrain the shuttle effect. Hence, this paper prepared CeO_(2)/MXene as a cathode material of Li-S batteries. Ce and Ti can chemically adsorb S, and the interlayer structure of MXene can limit S while the interlayer space can alleviate volume expansion.The discharge capacity at 0.5 C is as high as 1051.1 m Ah g^(-1), and 921.9 m Ah g^(-1) after 200 cycles. The average coulombic efficiency is 97.75%. The organized MXene with CeO_(2) like notes in accordions are new efficient materials for lithium-sulfur batteries.

Fabrication of Gd_(2)O_(3)-doped CeO_(2)thin films through DC reactive sputtering and their application in solid oxide fuel cells

Physical vapor deposition(PVD)can be used to produce high-quality Gd_(2)O_(3)-doped CeO2(GDC)films.Among various PVD methods,reactive sputtering provides unique benefits,such as high deposition rates and easy upscaling for industrial applications.GDC thin films were successfully fabricated through reactive sputtering using a Gd_(0.2)Ce_(0.8)(at%)metallic target,and their application in solid oxide fuel cells,such as buffer layers between yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ)/La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O_(3−δ)and as sublayers in the steel/coating system,was evaluated.First,the direct current(DC)reactive-sputtering behavior of the GdCe metallic target was determined.Then,the GDC films were deposited on NiO-YSZ/YSZ half-cells to investigate the influence of oxygen flow rate on the quality of annealed GDC films.The results demonstrated that reactive sputtering can be used to prepare thin and dense GDC buffer layers without high-temperature sintering.Furthermore,the cells with a sputtered GDC buffer layer showed better electrochemical performance than those with a screen-printed GDC buffer layer.In addition,the insertion of a GDC sublayer between the SUS441 interconnects and the Mn-Co spinel coatings contributed to the reduction of the oxidation rate for SUS441 at operating temperatures,according to the area-specific resistance tests.

Optimizing the oxide support composition in Pr-doped CeO_(2) towards highly active and selective Ni-based CO_(2) methanation catalysts

In this study,Ni catalysts supported on Pr-doped Ce O_(2) are studied for the CO_(2) methanation reaction and the effect of Pr doping on the physicochemical properties and the catalytic performance is thoroughly evaluated.It is shown,that Pr^(3+)ions can substitute Ce^(4+)ones in the support lattice,thereby introducing a high population of oxygen vacancies,which act as active sites for CO_(2) chemisorption.Pr doping can also act to reduce the crystallite size of metallic Ni,thus promoting the active metal dispersion.Catalytic performance evaluation evidences the promoting effect of low Pr loadings(5 at%and 10 at%)towards a higher catalytic activity and lower CO_(2) activation energy.On the other hand,higher Pr contents negate the positive effects on the catalytic activity by decreasing the oxygen vacancy population,thereby creating a volcano-type trend towards an optimum amount of aliovalent substitution.

Enhanced mechanical properties of molybdenum alloy originating from composite strengthening of Re and CeO_(2)

To enhance the mechanical properties of molybdenum alloys at both room and high temperatures,Mo-14Re-1CeO_(2)alloy was synthesized using the powder metallurgy method,and the corresponding microstructure and mechanical properties were characterized.The results indicate that the ultimate tensile strength of Mo-14Re-1CeO_(2)reaches 657 MPa,with a total elongation of 35.2%,significantly higher than those of pure molybdenum(453 MPa,and 7.01%).Furthermore,the compression strength of Mo-14Re-1CeO_(2)at high temperature(1200℃)achieves 355 MPa,which is still larger than that of pure molybdenum(221 MPa).It is revealed that there is a coherent interface between CeO_(2)and the Mo-14Re matrix with CeO_(2)particles uniformly distributed in both intergranular and intragranular regions.The improvements in mechanical properties are primarily attributed to the formation of Mo-Re solid solution,grain refinement,and dispersion strengthening effect of CeO_(2).

Comparison of efficacy of lung ultrasound and chest X-ray in diagnosing pulmonary edema and pleural effusion in ICU patients: A single centre, prospective, observational study

Background and Aims While chest X-ray (CXR) has been a conventional tool in intensive care units (ICUs) to identify lung pathologies, computed tomography (CT) scan remains the gold standard. Use of lung ultrasound (LUS) in resource-rich ICUs is still under investigation. The present study compares the utility of LUS to that of CXR in identifying pulmonary edema and pleural effusion in ICU patients. In addition, consolidation and pneumothorax were analyzed as secondary outcome measures. Material and Methods This is a prospective, single centric, observational study. Patients admitted in ICU were examined for lung pathologies, using LUS by a trained intensivist;and CXR done within 4 hours of each other. The final diagnosis was ascertained by an independent senior radiologist, based on the complete medical chart including clinical findings and the results of thoracic CT, if available. The results were compared and analyzed. Results Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of LUS was 95%, 94.4%, 94.67% for pleural effusion;and 98.33%, 97.78%, 98.00% for pulmonary edema respectively. Corresponding values with CXR were 48.33%, 76.67%, 65.33% for pleural effusion;and 36.67%, 82.22% and 64.00% for pulmonary edema respectively. Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of LUS was 91.30%, 96.85%, 96.00% for consolidation;and 100.00%, 79.02%, 80.00% for pneumothorax respectively. Corresponding values with CXR were 60.87%, 81.10%, 78.00% for consolidation;and 71.3%, 97.20%, 96.00% for pneumothorax respectively. Conclusion LUS has better diagnostic accuracy in diagnosis of pleural effusion and pulmonary edema when compared with CXR and is thus recommended as an effective alternative for diagnosis of these conditions in acute care settings. Our study recommends that a thoracic CT scan can be avoided in most of such cases.

Poland综合征CT及X线表现一例

Poland综合征在临床上相对罕见,好发于男性,以右侧胸大肌发育不良为主要表现。本文报道一例年轻女性且以左侧胸大肌、胸小肌发育不良,合并同侧手指短缩畸形为主要症状的Poland综合征的CT及X线表现,通过本病例报道,提高对这种罕见疾病的认识。

Statistical Study of the Geoeffectivity of Halo Coronal Mass Ejections Associated with X-Class Flares during Solar Cycles 23 and 24

By analysing a long series of data (1996-2019), we show that solar cycle 23 was more marked by violent solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) compared to solar cycle 24. In particular, the halo coronal mass ejections associated with X-class flares appear to be among the most energetic events in solar activity given the size of the flares, the speed of the CMEs and the intense geomagnetic storms they produce. Out of eighty-six (86) X-class halo CMEs, thirty-seven (37) or 43% are highly geoeffective;twenty-four (24) or approximately 28% are moderately geoeffective and twenty-five (25) or 29% are not geoeffective. Over the two solar cycles (1996 to 2019), 71% of storms were geoeffective and 29% were not. For solar cycle 23, about 78% of storms were geoeffective, while for solar cycle 24, about 56% were geoeffective. For the statistical study based on speed, 85 halo CMEs associated with X-class flares were selected because the CME of 6 December 2006 has no recorded speed value. For both solar cycles, 75.29% of the halo CMEs associated with X-class flares have a speed greater than 1000 km/s. The study showed that 42.18% of halo (X) CMEs with speeds above 1000 km/s could cause intense geomagnetic disturbances. These results show the contribution (in terms of speed) of each class of halo (X) CMEs to the perturbation of the Earth’s magnetic field. Coronal mass ejections then become one of the key indicators of solar activity, especially as they affect the Earth.

The Effect of Cerium Dioxide (CeO_2) in an Anti-corrosion and Self-lubricating Coating

The effect of cerium dioxide(CeO_2)as an additive on the structure and properties of a melting type coating has been studied by means of microhardness measurement,scanning electron microscopy and thermal analysis. The results show that cerium dioxide can modify the microstructure and tribological properties of the coating. Model LIC-23 composite coating which contains CeO_2 performs well as a self-lubricating coating in hydrochloric acid solution.

Resistive switching behavior and mechanism of HfO_(x) films with large on/off ratio by structure design

Different bilayer structures of HfO_(x)/Ti(TiO_(x)) are designed for hafnium-based memory to investigate the switching characteristics. The chemical states in the films and near the interface are characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and the oxygen vacancies are analyzed. Highly improved on/off ratio(~104) and much uniform switching parameters are observed for bilayer structures compared to single layer HfO_(x) sample, which can be attributed to the modulation of oxygen vacancies at the interface and better control of the growth of filaments. Furthermore, the reliability of the prepared samples is investigated. The carrier conduction behaviors of HfO_(x)-based samples can be attributed to the trapping and de-trapping process of oxygen vacancies and a filamentary model is proposed. In addition, the rupture of filaments during the reset process for the bilayer structures occur at the weak points near the interface by the recovery of oxygen vacancies accompanied by the variation of barrier height. The re-formation of fixed filaments due to the residual filaments as lightning rods results in the better switching performance of the bilayer structure.

Unravelling the role of the combined effect of metallic charge transfer channel and SiO_(x) overlayer in the Zr/Si-Fe_(2)O_(3):Au:SiO_(x) nanorod arrays to boost photoelectrochemical water splitting

Hematite(α-Fe_(2)O_(3)) based photoanodes have been extensively studied due to various intriguing features that make them viable candidates for a photoelectrochemical(PEC) water splitting photoanode.Herein,we propose a Zr-doped Fe_(2)O_(3) photoanode decorated with facilely spin-coated Au nanoparticles(NPs) and microwave-assisted attached Si co-doping in conjunction with a SiO_(x) overlayer that displayed a remarkable photocurrent density of 2.01 mA/cm^(2) at 1.23 V vs.RHE.The kinetic dynamics at the photoelectrode/-electrolyte interface was examined by employing systematic electrochemical investigations.The Au NPs played a dual role in increasing PEC water splitting.First,the Schottky interface that was formed between Au NPs and Zr-Fe_(2)O_(3) lectrode ensured the prevention of electron flow from the photoanode to the metal,increasing the number of available charges as well as suppressing surface charge recombination.Second,Au extracted photoholes from the bulk of the Zr-Fe_(2)O_(3) and transported them to the outer SiO_(x) overlayer,while the SiO_(x) overlayer efficiently collected the photoholes and promoted the hole injection into the electrolyte.Further,Si co-doping enhanced bulk conductivity by reducing bulk charge transfer resistance and improving charge carrier density.This study outlines a technique to design a metallic charge transfer path with an overlayer for solar energy conversion.

Structure and superconducting properties of Ru_(1-x)Mo_(x)(x=0.1-0.9)alloys

We report the detailed crystal structures and physical properties of Ru_(1-x)Mo_(x)alloys in the solid solution range of x=0.1-0.9.Structure characterizations indicate that the crystal structure changes from the hcp-Mg-type,toβ-CrFe-type,and then bcc-W-type.The measurements of physical properties show that the Ru_(1-x)Mo_(x)samples with x≥0.2are superconductors and the superconducting transition temperature T_c as a function of Mo content exhibits a dome-like behavior.