Case Study of Coastal Fog Events in Senegal Using LIDAR Ceilometer

This study aims to examine the atmospheric conditions characterising fog phenomena on the Senegalese coast focusing on two specific instances that occurred on April 3 and April 30,2023.These events were detected by the LIDAR Ceilometer installed at LPAOSF/ESP/UCAD and confirmed on the METARs of the meteorological stations at Dakar and Diass airports.The LIDAR’s backscatter signal showed that the fog of April 3 started around midnight with a vertical extension at 100 m altitude and dissipated around 10 a.m.The April 30 event characterized by a good vertical extension from the surface up to 300 m above sea level,was triggered just after 2 a.m.and lasted around 3 hours.The results showed that a decrease in temperature,accompanied by an increase in humidity and light wind,is favorable for the triggering and persistence of fog.Sea Level Pressure(SLP)anomaly fields show two distinct configurations.The April 3 event was characterized by a zonal dipole of SLP anomalies between the Sahara and the northern Senegalese coast,while the April 30 event was characterized by a meridional dipole between the Sahara and the Gulf of Guinea area as far as the equatorial Atlantic.A weakening of the pressure around the study area was observed in both cases,allowing moisture advection to favor the onset of fog.The hovmoller diagrams of relative humidity and wind show that a good vertical extension of humidity associated with a westerly wind in the lower layers plays an important role in the formation and persistence of fog.The presence of dry air associated with a weak easterly wind in the middle layers could explain the low vertical extension of the fog on April 3.A strong wind in the lower layers would be responsible for the premature dissipation of the April 30 fog.

基于Ceilometer Alarm API的操作设计和实现

随着云计算技术的不断发展,越来越多的企业采用Open Stack来构建私有云或公有云平台.云平台正逐步替代传统服务器,用来承载着企业和用户的IT业务.为了保证云平台的服务质量,本文基于Open Stack的报警功能接口——Ceilometer Alarm API设计和实现了对于云平台虚拟机监控报警功能的交互操作页面.通过使用该功能,用户可以监控虚拟机运行时的性能状态,保证云平台的可靠运行.

基于OpenStack云平台的动态带宽分配策略

在传统云平台网络带宽分配机制中,网络带宽仅在虚拟机创建时分配.虚拟机创建后已分配的带宽难以更改甚至无法更改,这在一定程度上造成了资源的浪费.因此,在不影响网络服务质量下,虚拟机需要一种有效的带宽分配机制来提高带宽的利用率.本文以开源云平台Open Stack为实验环境,以虚拟交换软件Open v Switch和监控软件Ceilometer为工具,提出并实现了基于云平台的动态带宽分配策略.测试结果表明,本策略有效的提高了带宽的使用率.

虚拟化网络功能数据测量框架研究

NFV(网络功能虚拟化)的出现,使得传统运营服务的运营商模型面临着诸多新的严峻挑战。通常情况下,VNF(虚拟化网络功能)的实例化基于资源需求,因而NFV数据模型必须是可测量的,从而与传统运营服务的数据模型保持一致。文章回顾网络管理的五种基本功能:FCAPS(故障、配置、计费、性能和安全),对比NFV数据模型与传统网络服务数据模型,描述NFV基础设施遥测数据的类型和来源,说明OpenStack遥测服务——Ceilometer工作原理与配置,分析NFV有机数据测量模型的功能需求,介绍vProbe主/被动测量数据模型的主要功能和测量指标。

Automatic Identification of Clear-Air Echoes Based on Millimeter-wave Cloud Radar Measurements

Millimeter-wave cloud radar(MMCR)provides the capability of detecting the features of micro particles inside clouds and describing the internal microphysical structure of the clouds.Therefore,MMCR has been widely applied in cloud observations.However,due to the influence of non-meteorological factors such as insects,the cloud observations are often contaminated by non-meteorological echoes in the clear air,known as clear-air echoes.It is of great significance to automatically identify the clear-air echoes in order to extract effective meteorological information from the complex weather background.The characteristics of clear-air echoes are studied here by combining data from four devices:an MMCR,a laser-ceilometer,an L-band radiosonde,and an all-sky camera.In addition,a new algorithm,which includes feature extraction,feature selection,and classification,is proposed to achieve the automatic identification of clear-air echoes.The results show that the recognition algorithm is fairly satisfied in both simple and complex weather conditions.The recognition accuracy can reach up to 95.86%for the simple cases when cloud echoes and clear-air echoes are separate,and 88.38%for the complicated cases when low cloud echoes and clear-air echoes are mixed.

Verification and Correction of Cloud Base and Top Height Retrievals from Ka–band Cloud Radar in Boseong,Korea

In this study,cloud base height（CBH） and cloud top height（CTH） observed by the Ka-band（33.44 GHz） cloud radar at the Boseong National Center for Intensive Observation of Severe Weather during fall 2013（September-November） were verified and corrected.For comparative verification,CBH and CTH were obtained using a ceilometer（CL51） and the Communication,Ocean and Meteorological Satellite（COMS）.During rainfall,the CBH and CTH observed by the cloud radar were lower than observed by the ceilometer and COMS because of signal attenuation due to raindrops,and this difference increased with rainfall intensity.During dry periods,however,the CBH and CTH observed by the cloud radar,ceilometer,and COMS were similar.Thin and low-density clouds were observed more effectively by the cloud radar compared with the ceilometer and COMS.In cases of rainfall or missing cloud radar data,the ceilometer and COMS data were proven effective in correcting or compensating the cloud radar data.These corrected cloud data were used to classify cloud types,which revealed that low clouds occurred most frequently.

Thermal internal boundary layer and its effects on air pollutants during summer in a coastal city in North China

The thermal internal boundary layer（TIBL） is associated with coastal pollution dispersion,which can result in high concentrations of air pollutants near the surface of the Earth. In this study, boundary layer height data which were obtained using a ceilometer were used to assess the effect of the TIBL on atmospheric pollutants in Qinhuangdao, a coastal city in North China.A TIBL formed on 33% of summer days. When a TIBL formed, the sunshine duration was 2.4 hr longer, the wind speed was higher, the wind direction reflected a typical sea breeze, and the boundary layer height was lower from 9：00 LT to 20：00 LT compared to days without a TIBL. If no TIBL formed, the average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 decreased with increasing boundary layer height. However, when a TIBL was observed, the average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 increased with increasing boundary layer height. Because the air from the sea is clean, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations reached minimums in the daytime at 16：00 LT. After16：00 LT, the PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations increased rapidly on days when a TIBL formed,which indicated that the TIBL leads to the rapid accumulation of atmospheric pollutants in the evening. Therefore, the maximum concentrations of particulate matters were larger when a TIBL formed compared to when no TIBL was present during the night. These results indicate that it is suitable for outdoor activities in the daytime on days with a TIBL in coastal cities.