NEW METHOD FOR WHITE BLOOD CELL DETECTION BASED ON RELEVANCE VECTOR MACHINE

A new method for the white blood cell （WBC） detection is presented based on the relevance vector machine （RVM）. Firstly,the sparse relevance vectors （RVs） are obtained while fitting the 1-D histogram by RVM. Then,the needed threshold value is directly selected from these limited RVs. Finally,the entire connective WBC regions are segmented from the original image. The method is used for the WBC detection. It reduces the interference induced by the illumination and the staining. It has advantages of the high computation efficiency and the no extra parameter setting. Experimental results demonstrate good performances of the method.

Anomalous Cell Detection with Kernel Density-Based Local Outlier Factor

Since data services are penetrating into our daily life rapidly, the mobile network becomes more complicated, and the amount of data transmission is more and more increasing. In this case, the traditional statistical methods for anomalous cell detection cannot adapt to the evolution of networks, and data mining becomes the mainstream. In this paper, we propose a novel kernel density-based local outlier factor(KLOF) to assign a degree of being an outlier to each object. Firstly, the notion of KLOF is introduced, which captures exactly the relative degree of isolation. Then, by analyzing its properties, including the tightness of upper and lower bounds, sensitivity of density perturbation, we find that KLOF is much greater than 1 for outliers. Lastly, KLOFis applied on a real-world dataset to detect anomalous cells with abnormal key performance indicators(KPIs) to verify its reliability. The experiment shows that KLOF can find outliers efficiently. It can be a guideline for the operators to perform faster and more efficient trouble shooting.

Electrochemiluminescence Sensor for Cancer Cell Detection Based on H_(2)O_(2)-Triggered Stimulus Response System

A H_(2)O_(2)-triggered stimulus response electrochemiluminescence(ECL)sensor for sensitive detection of cancer cells using mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs)has been proposed.ECL signal-generating molecules(Ru(phen)32+)were encap-sulated into phenylboronic acid group-functionalized MSNs(PBA-MSNs)porous and capped by polyhydroxy functioned Au nanoparticles(AuNPs)through the interaction of carbohydrate-boronic acid first.Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)were applied to characterize the materials.The proposed controlled release sensing platform shows approximately no leakage from the mesoporrs of MSNs after a long time of storage.Cancer cells are initially incubated with the functionalized MSNs and then treated with ascorbic acid to endogenously produce H_(2)O_(2).Arylboronic esters in the MSNs surface can be oxidized by the produced H_(2)O_(2),causing the releasing of the molecule from MSNs and increased ECL signal.This technique displayed an excellent measurement for the breast cancer cells’sensitive diagnosis with a detection limit of 208 cells/mL.The phenomenon suggests that this sensing platform may be potentially applied for breast cancer sensitive detection in the future.

A review on recent advances in hydrogen peroxide electrochemical sensors for applications in cell detection

Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))is a very simple bioactive small molecule.In living organisms,H_(2)O_(2)plays an important role in intracellular signaling.It is involved in many physiological processes including cellular physiology,intracellular signaling,oxidative damage and disease progression.The tumor microenvironment enriched with H_(2)O_(2).Several electrochemical sensors have been developed and some have been put on the market.Such electrochemical sensors provide efficient,cost-effective,rapid and highly selective method of H_(2)O_(2)detection.So far,much progress has been made in the designing of materials and construction of H_(2)O_(2)sensors.This review describes the advances in the application of H_(2)O_(2)electrochemical sensors in cell detection.Enzyme-based sensors have been applied in diverse applications.In addition,recent advancements in nanotechnology have improved the development of nanozymes-based sensors.The application of noble metals,metal oxides,polymers,carbon materials and other two-dimensional materials in the design of H_(2)O_(2)sensors are discussed in detail.Moreover,the bio-stimulant types of H_(2)O_(2)sensor are summarized.Finally,the challenges and future perspectives in the application of H_(2)O_(2)electrochemical sensors in biological detection are discussed.

A SON solution for cell outage detection using a cooperative prediction approach

In order to improve the efficiency of automatic management and self-healing of the self-organizing network(SON),a cell outage problem is investigated and a cooperative prediction-based automatic cell outage detection algorithm is proposed.By the improved collaborative filtering prediction algorithm,the location correlation of users in the wireless network is considered.By incorporating the cooperative grey model prediction algorithm,the time correlation of users motion trajectory is also introduced.Data of users in a normal scenario is simulated and collected for model training and threshold calculating and the outage cell can be effectively detected using the proposed approach.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme has a higher detection rate for different extents of outage while ensuring the lower communication overhead and false alarm rate than traditional outage detection methods.The detection rate of the proposed approach outperforms the traditional method by around 14%,especially when there are sparse users in the network,and it is able to detect the outage cell with no active users with the help of neighbor cells.

Clinical Detection of Peripheral Blood Natural Killer Cell Activity

Natural Killer (NK) cells are specific immune cells in human immune system. They have a quick effect and can exert a cytotoxic function without prior sensitization, and they show great application potential in cell-based immunotherapy, anti-infection in vivo. NK cell activity in peripheral blood can be used as one of the biomarkers of immune function response. It has a great positive guiding significance for the clinical prognosis of tumor patients, the prevention of cancer and anti-aging. The clinical detection strategies of NK cell activity in circulation mainly grouped into five types: methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium colorimetric, lactate dehydrogenase release, radionuclide labeling, flow cytometry and NK Vue cytokine release method. It has played an important role in different stages of clinical application development. This paper will make a comparative review of the above-mentioned detection strategies for the NK cell activity.

Study on Conductivity Detection for Capillary Electrophoresis──Design of a new type of miniature conductance cell

A new kind of ndniature conductance cell with thick electrodes was made, which has high resolution, high sensitivity, but no dead volume. A set of capillary electrophoresis device with on-column conductivity detector was assembled. In order to test the performance of this kind of ndni-cell, different kinds of Anni-cells were used to detect Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+and Mg2+ ions.

Photovoltaic Cell Panels Soiling Inspection Using Principal Component Thermal Image Processing

Intended for good productivity and perfect operation of the solar power grid a failure-free system is required.Therefore,thermal image processing with the thermal camera is the latest non-invasive(without manual contact)type fault identification technique which may give good precision in all aspects.The soiling issue,which is major productivity affecting factor may import from several reasons such as dust on the wind,bird mucks,etc.The efficient power production sufferers due to accumulated soil deposits reaching from 1%–7%in the county,such as India,to more than 25%in middle-east countries country,such as Dubai,Kuwait,etc.This research offers a solar panel soiling detection system built on thermal imaging which powers the inspection method and mitigates the requirement for physical panel inspection in a large solar production place.Hence,in this method,solar panels can be verified by working without disturbing production operation and it will save time and price of recognition.India ranks 3rd worldwide in the usage use age of Photovoltaic(PV)panels now and it is supported about 8.6%of the Nation’s electricity need in the year 2020.In the meantime,the installed PV production areas in India are aged 4–5 years old.Hence the need for inspection and maintenance of installed PV is growing fast day by day.As a result,this research focuses on finding the soiling hotspot exactly of the working solar panels with the help of Principal Components Thermal Analysis(PCTA)on MATLAB Environment.

USE OF THE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) TO DETECT MONOCLONALITY OF B CELL LYMPHO-PROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS

A technique has been developed using PCR to detect monoclonality of B-lymphoproliferative disorders. DNA was extracted from the blood, tissue and paraffin embedded sections by biochemical means or boiling. Forty cases of B-non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 15 cases of T-NHL, 8 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 17 cases of reactive lymphadenopathy and 12 cases of various non-lym-phocytic tumor were examined. Monoclonality of B-lymphocytes was detected in 86-92% of cases with B-lymphoproliferative diseases, but none in T-NHL, reactive disorders and non-lymphatic tumors. This technique provides a new molecular biologic method to diagnose malignant B-lymphoproliferative dicor-ders. It may be useful in Ig gene rearrangement study, differential diagnosis and retrospective investigation of lymphoproliferative disorders.

THE PRELIMINARY APPLICATION OF IN SITU HYBRIDI-ZATION IN DETECTING PROTO-ONCOGENES EXPRESSION IN HUMAN LEUKEMIC CELLS

An in situ hybridization technique with 35S labelled proto-oncogene probes (c-myc & c-fes) was used to detect their expression in bone marrow cells of 22 cases of leukemia of various types and immature granulocytes and erythroblasts of 16 nomal myelograms as controls. Both c-myc and c-fes were detectable in leukemic cells as well as in immature granulocytes and erythroblasts of normal bone marrow, but the expression extent varied in different cases. The levels of c-myc expression in leukemic cells were higher than those in controls (P<0.001). There was no difference of c-fes expression in two groups of bone marrow cells (P>0.05). This technique provides us a new method in studying variations of proto-oncogene expression in leukemic cells.

mtDNA-triggered pH response signal-amplified fluorescent probe for multiple cell discrimination

Developing fluorescence probes with multiple responses has vital significance but remains challenging.Herein,for the first time,we present a mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)-triggered pH response signalamplified fluorescent probe(QCY-DBT)for multiple cell detection.The probe exhibited a large stokes shift(229 nm),excellent DNA selectivity over RNA,and ultrasensitivity of detection limit(DL;74.0 ng/mL).Thus,QCY-DBT was successfully applied to analyze multiple human peripheral blood cells and visualize mtDNA in healthy and apoptotic cells.In the tumor acidic environment(pH 6.0–7.0),the absorbance of QCY-DBT at 436 nm increased,and the fluorescence signal(665 nm)was amplified by mtDNA,which enabled the direct observation of tumor cells.Our study provides help in designing smart probes with multiple responses for efficient abnormal cell detection.

奶牛乳房炎乳的危害及其检测方法探讨

详细阐述了传统的、以及最新的国内外乳房炎乳的一些检测方法,如肉眼观察法、各种体细胞检查法、细菌PCR检查法,利用酶活性、pH值和电导率值进行检测等等。分析比较了各种方法的优缺点及适用条件,为监测乳房炎发病情况、进行牛乳质量评价和确定原料乳等级等提供参考和依据。

Aptamer-conjugated upconversion nanoprobes assisted by magnetic separation for effective isolation and sensitive detection of circulating tumor cells

Detection of circulating tumor cells （CTCs） plays an important role in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In this study, aptamer-conjugated upconversion nano- particles （UCNPs） are used for the first time as nanoprobes to recognize tumor cells, which are then enriched by attaching with magnetic nanoparticles （MNPs） and placing in the presence of a magnetic field. Owing to the autofluorescence- free nature of upconversion luminescence imaging, as well as the use of magnetic separation to further reduce background signals, our technique allows for highly sensitive detection and collection of small numbers of tumor cells spiked into healthy blood samples, and shows promise for CTC detection in medical diagnostics.

Preparation of highly luminescent nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon nanoparticles for iron(Ⅲ)ions detection and cell imaging

Highly photoluminescent nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon nanoparticles（CNPs） ca. 56 nm have been prepared through a green one-step hydrothermal synthesis route by using millet powder as carbon sources, in which the nitrogen and sulfur co-doping improves the photoluminescent efficiency of the CNPs. The as-prepared CNPs display excellent fluorescent properties and low biotoxicity with a relatively high quantum yield of 30.4%, which have been applied for bioimaging and highly sensitive and selective detection of iron（III） ions.

Detection of Islet Cell Antibodies by Using Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex Technique

Autoimmunemechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).Multiple autoantibodies have been detected in patients with IDDM.Islet cell antibodies(ICA) complment-fixing islet cell antibodies(CF-ICA) and antibodies to an islet cell protein

Detection of p53 gene mutations in skeletal muscle cell of patients with chronic heart failure

Progressive deterioration of physical work capacity in congestive heart failure (CHF) is often attributed to ongoing skeletal muscle atrophy and abnormalities in muscle metabolism. The purpose of the present study was to investigate if mutations in the p53 gene thought to be a promotor of apoptosis are involved in intrinsic apoptotic abnormalities in skeletal muscle of patients (pts) with CHF. Percutaneous needle biopsy from the m. vastus lateralis were obtained from 19 pts with CHF (LV EF 25%±10%). Single strand confirmation polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reation products (PCR SSCP analysis) was used for detection of mutations in exon 5 8 of the p53 gene in skeletal Heart Center, University Leipzig, Germany (Yu JT, Adams V, Fiehn E, Schuler G and Hambrecht R) Institut of Pathology, University Freiburg, Germany (Ye J and Riede U)muscle cells. Four of 19 muscle specimens (21%) showed mobility shifts. To characterize the nuleotide sequence alterations specimens were examined further by direct sequence analysis of PCR product. Two of four specimens showing a band shift in the SSCP analysis exhibited a mutated p53 sequence. Sequence analysis revealed that these alteratons were point mutation exon 8 (14482, G→A) and deletion in exon 5 (13143 13157). A high frequency of p53 mutations was detected in skeletal muscle cells of patients with chronic heart failure. These findings suggest a role for apoptosis in the progression of intrinsic skeletal muscle abnormalities and consequently of exercise intolerance in chronic heart failure.

Highly Fluorescent Dye-Doped Silica Nanoparticles Increase Flow Cytometry Sensitivity for Cancer Cell Monitoring

Early and accurate diagnosis and treatment of cancer depend on rapid,sensitive,and selective detection of tumor cells.Current diagnosis of cancers,especially leukemia,relies on histology and fl ow cytometry using single dye-labeled antibodies.However,this combination may not lead to high signal output,which can hinder detection,especially when the probes have relatively weak affi nities or when the receptor is expressed in a low concentration on the target cell surface.To solve these problems,we have developed a novel method for sensitive and rapid detection of cancer cells using dye-doped silica nanoparticles(NPs)which increases detection sensitivity in fl ow cytometry analyses between 10-and 100-fold compared to standard methods.Our NPs are~60 nm in size and can encapsulate thousands of individual dye molecules within their matrix.We have extensively investigated surface modifi cation strategies in order to make the NPs suitable for selective detection of cancer cells using fl ow cytometry.The NPs are functionalized with polyethylene glycol(PEG)to prevent nonspecifi c interactions and with neutravidin to allow universal binding with biotinylated molecules.By virtue of their reliable and selective detection of target cancer cells,these NPs have demonstrated their promising usefulness in conventional fl ow cytometry.Moreover,they have shown low background signal,high signal enhancement,and effi cient functionalization,either with antibody-or aptamer-targeting moieties.

Utilizing a microfluidic device to enrich and fluorescently detect circulating tumor cells

Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)are cancer cells that have propagated from primary tumor sites,spreading into the bloodstream as the cellular origin of fatal metastasis,and to secondary tumor sites.Capturing and analyzing CTCs is a kind of‘‘liquid biopsy'of the tumor that provides information about cancer changes over time and tailoring treatment[1].CTC enrichment and detection remains technologically challenging due to their extremely low concentra-