Effective extraction of polyribosomes from astrocytes enables future discoveries on translation regulation

Translation regulation is an important layer of gene expression:Generation of genome-wide expression datasets at multi-omics levels in spatial,temporal,and cell-type resolution is essential for deciphering brain complexity.Regulation of gene expression is a highly dynamic process aiming at the production of precise levels of gene products to guarantee optimal cellular function,in response to physiological cues.Speedy advances in next-generation sequencing enabled the understanding of epigenomic and transcriptomic dynamic landscapes of different brain regions along development,aging,and disease progression.However,the correlation of the“transcriptome”with protein levels is poor because numerous mRNAs are subjected to manipulation of their translation efficiency,to warrant a favorable result under certain conditions.Hence,it is widely accepted that regulation at the translation level is a vital layer of gene expression.Quantification of actively translated mRNA populations(i.e.,“translatome”)is a more reliable predictor of the“proteome”(Wang et al.,2020).

Toward efficient multiple-site incorporation of unnatural amino acids using cell-free translation system

Amber suppression has been widely used to incorporate unnatural amino acids(UNAAs)with unique structures or functional side-chain groups into specific sites of the target protein,which expands the scope of protein-coding chemistry.However,this traditional strategy does not allow multiple-site incorporation of different UNAAs into a single protein,which limits the development of unnatural proteins.To address this challenge,the suppression method using multiple termination codons(TAG,TAA or TGA)was proposed,and cell-free unnatural protein synthesis(CFUPS)system was employed.By the analysis of incorporating 3 different UNAAs(p-propargyloxy-L-phenylalanine,p-azyl-phenylalanine and L-4-Iodophenylalanine)and mass spectrometry,the simultaneous usage of the codons TAG and TAA were suggested for better multiple-site UNAA incorporation.The CFUPS conditions were further optimized for better UNAA incorporation efficiency,including the orthogonal translation system(OTS)components,magnesium ions,and the redox environment.This study established a CFUPS approach based on multiple termination codon suppression to achieve efficient and precise incorporation of different types of UNAAs,thereby synthesizing unnatural proteins with novel physicochemical functions.

RNPS1 stabilizes NAT10 protein to facilitate translation in cancer via tRNA ac^(4)C modification

Existing studies have underscored the pivotal role of N-acetyltransferase 10(NAT10) in various cancers. However, the outcomes of protein-protein interactions between NAT10 and its protein partners in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) remain unexplored. In this study, we identified a significant upregulation of RNA-binding protein with serine-rich domain 1(RNPS1) in HNSCC, where RNPS1 inhibits the ubiquitination degradation of NAT10 by E3 ubiquitin ligase, zinc finger SWIM domain-containing protein 6(ZSWIM6), through direct protein interaction, thereby promoting high NAT10 expression in HNSCC. This upregulated NAT10 stability mediates the enhancement of specific tRNA ac^(4)C modifications, subsequently boosting the translation process of genes involved in pathways such as IL-6 signaling, IL-8 signaling, and PTEN signaling that play roles in regulating HNSCC malignant progression, ultimately influencing the survival and prognosis of HNSCC patients. Additionally, we pioneered the development of TRMC-seq, leading to the discovery of novel t RNA-ac^(4)C modification sites, thereby providing a potent sequencing tool for tRNAac^(4)C research. Our findings expand the repertoire of tRNA ac^(4)C modifications and identify a role of tRNA ac^(4)C in the regulation of mRNA translation in HNSCC.

Network-Assisted Full-Duplex Cell-Free mmWave Massive MIMO Systems with DAC Quantization and Fronthaul Compression

In this paper,we investigate networkassisted full-duplex(NAFD)cell-free millimeter-wave(mmWave)massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)systems with digital-to-analog converter(DAC)quantization and fronthaul compression.We propose to maximize the weighted uplink and downlink sum rate by jointly optimizing the power allocation of both the transmitting remote antenna units(T-RAUs)and uplink users and the variances of the downlink and uplink fronthaul compression noises.To deal with this challenging problem,we further apply a successive convex approximation(SCA)method to handle the non-convex bidirectional limited-capacity fronthaul constraints.The simulation results verify the convergence of the proposed SCA-based algorithm and analyze the impact of fronthaul capacity and DAC quantization on the spectral efficiency of the NAFD cell-free mmWave massive MIMO systems.Moreover,some insightful conclusions are obtained through the comparisons of spectral efficiency,which shows that NAFD achieves better performance gains than cotime co-frequency full-duplex cloud radio access network(CCFD C-RAN)in the cases of practical limited-resolution DACs.Specifically,their performance gaps with 8-bit DAC quantization are larger than that with1-bit DAC quantization,which attains a 5.5-fold improvement.

The big data challenge-and how polypharmacology supports the translation from pre-clinical research into clinical use against neurodegenerative diseases and beyond

Introductory comments:The identification and validation of disease-modifying proteins are fundamental aspects in drug development.However,the m ultifactority of n eurodegen era tive diseases poses a real challenge for targeted therapies.Furthermore,the behavior of individually(over-)expressed to rget proteins in vitro is likely to differ from their actual functional behavior when embedded in cascades and pathways in vivo.

Cell-free biocatalysis coupled with photo-catalysis and electro-catalysis: Efficient CO_(2)-to-chemical conversion

The increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO_(2)) concentration has exposed a series of crises in the earth's ecological environment.How to effectively fix and convert carbon dioxide into products with added value has attracted the attention of many researchers.Cell-free enzyme catalytic system coupled with electrical and light have been a promising attempt in the field of biological carbon fixation in recent years.In this review,the research progresses of photoenzyme catalysis,electroenzyme catalysis and photo-electroenzyme catalysis for converting carbon dioxide into chemical products in cell-free systems are systematically summarized.We focus on reviewing and comparing various coupling methods and principles of photoenzyme catalysis and electroenzyme catalysis in cell-free systems,especially the materials used in the construction of the coupling system,and analyze and point out the characteristics and possible problems of different coupling methods.Finally,we discuss the major challenges and prospects of coupling physical signals and cell-free enzymatic catalytic systems in the field of CO_(2) fixation,suggesting possible strategies to improve the carbon sequestration capacity of such systems.

Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Joint Cooperation Clustering and Downlink Power Control for Cell-Free Massive MIMO

In recent times,various power control and clustering approaches have been proposed to enhance overall performance for cell-free massive multipleinput multiple-output(CF-mMIMO)networks.With the emergence of deep reinforcement learning(DRL),significant progress has been made in the field of network optimization as DRL holds great promise for improving network performance and efficiency.In this work,our focus delves into the intricate challenge of joint cooperation clustering and downlink power control within CF-mMIMO networks.Leveraging the potent deep deterministic policy gradient(DDPG)algorithm,our objective is to maximize the proportional fairness(PF)for user rates,thereby aiming to achieve optimal network performance and resource utilization.Moreover,we harness the concept of“divide and conquer”strategy,introducing two innovative methods termed alternating DDPG(A-DDPG)and hierarchical DDPG(H-DDPG).These approaches aim to decompose the intricate joint optimization problem into more manageable sub-problems,thereby facilitating a more efficient resolution process.Our findings unequivo-cally showcase the superior efficacy of our proposed DDPG approach over the baseline schemes in both clustering and downlink power control.Furthermore,the A-DDPG and H-DDPG obtain higher performance gain than DDPG with lower computational complexity.

Optimal AP Deployment in Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems with LoS/NLoS Transmissions:A Stochastic Geometry Approach

Cell-free massive multiple-input multipleoutput(MIMO)is a promising technology for future wireless communications,where a large number of distributed access points(APs)simultaneously serve all users over the same time-frequency resources.Since users and APs may locate close to each other,the line-of-sight(Lo S)transmission occurs more frequently in cell-free massive MIMO systems.Hence,in this paper,we investigate the cell-free massive MIMO system with Lo S and non-line-of-sight(NLo S)transmissions,where APs and users are both distributed according to Poisson point process.Using tools from stochastic geometry,we derive a tight lower bound for the user downlink achievable rate and we further obtain the energy efficiency(EE)by considering the power consumption on downlink payload transmissions and circuitry dissipation.Based on the analysis,the optimal AP density and AP antenna number that maximize the EE are obtained.It is found that compared with the previous work that only considers NLo S transmissions,the actual optimal AP density should be much smaller,and the maximized EE is actually much higher.

语料库翻译研究背景下的“translationese”与“翻译共性”刍议

近年来,在基于语料库的翻译研究背景下,翻译语言特征描写中的两个关键词——“translationese”与“翻译共性”备受关注,两者之间既有区别,亦有交织重叠的地方。在国内翻译研究领域,“translationese”的译名和定义也不尽一致。本研究梳理了语料库研究方法背景下两者的概念和研究模式的发展,进而探讨了translationese的连续性特征以及它与翻译共性假设的关系问题,提出以“特征译语”为译名以突出其特点,并阐明了本研究在理论与实践方面的意义。

A Hybrid Small-Cell and Clustered Cell-Free Massive MIMO System under Mobility Scenarios

Recently,cell-free(CF)massive multipleinput multiple-output(MIMO)becomes a promising architecture for the next generation wireless communication system,where a large number of distributed access points(APs)are deployed to simultaneously serve multiple user equipments(UEs)for improved performance.Meanwhile,a clustered CF system is considered to tackle the backhaul overhead issue in the huge connection network.In this paper,taking into account the more realistic mobility scenarios,we propose a hybrid small-cell(SC)and clustered CF massive MIMO system through classifications of the UEs and APs,and constructing the corresponding pairs to run in SC or CF mode.A joint initial AP selection of this paradigm for all the UEs is firstly proposed,which is based on the statistics of estimated channel.Then,closed-form expressions of the downlink achievable rates for both the static and moving UEs are provided under Ricean fading channel and Doppler shift effect.We also develop a semi-heuristic search algorithm to deal with the AP selection for the moving UEs by maximizing the weight average achievable rate.Numerical results demonstrate the performance gains and effective rates balancing of the proposed system.

Secure symbol level precoding for cell-free network based on band-region constraint of the eavesdropper’s receiving signal

A symbol level secure precoding scheme based on band-region constraint of the eavesdropper’s receiving signal is proposed to enhance the energy efficiency of cell-free multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)networks in the presence of an eavesdropper while guaranteeing the quality of service(QoS)of user and the security of system.Moreover,to lighten its high computational complexity,original problem is divided into several cascade sub-problems firstly,and then those sub-problems are handled by combining Lagrangian dual function and improved Hooke-Jeeves method together.Comparative ex-periment with other secure symbol-level precoding schemes demonstrate that proposed scheme can achieve the lower power consumption with almost same symbol error rate and QoS of user.

Development, Translation and Validation of the Circle of Life (CoL) Satisfaction Scale Assessment Tool: An Integrative Nutrition Approach

Objectives: This study was designed to validate, test and translate a newly developed assessment tool for health coaches to assess client’s satisfaction rates of the Circle of Life (CoL), as a guide for weight management and also to monitor clients’ health and wellbeing improvements. This includes development of the assessment content, content validity, translating and pretesting the tool among potential clients. Method: 18 participants enrolled in a telenutrition weight loss program was and received a hypocaloric diet that was supported with monthly telemonitoring and health coaching sessions remotely for 6 months. Thus, we developed content of the assessment tool and created a rating scale of three levels of satisfaction (completely satisfied, slightly satisfied and not satisfied). The process of validation included content and language validity by experts in the field and language. Results: High scores according to the content validity rating were seen on both English and language versions of the CoL assessment tool by experts. Followed by a pre-testing process by participants, which showed reliability and consistency of the (CoL) variables using a multilevel analysis seeks across all individuals and all individuals had similar correlational pattern. Conclusions: The new (CoL) satisfaction scale have demonstrated a good capacity for identifying lifestyle factors associated with participants weight, which is a useful tool for integrative nutrition practice in weight management interventions. Future studies must be directed towards using the tool in assessing different populations and cultures to understand the main root of obesity in relation to behavior and day to day life factors.

Translation Strategies of Red Tourism Terms in the Central Plains-Taking Red Central Plains as an Example

In recent years,the Red Tourism in Central Plains has gradually become a new type of thematic tourism form,which is an important carrier to carry out patriotism and revolutionary traditional education and carry forward the national spirit.The translation of red tourism publicity is an important window for spreading Chinese culture,and the translation of professional terms is an important link in the red tourism publicity.How to spread the red culture of the Central Plains,glow the charm of the Central Plains culture,enhance the influence of the Central Plains culture,and spread the Central Plains culture to the world has become the mission of every child of the Central Plains.This paper adopts the case analysis method,combined with the specific and typical cases in“Red Central Plains”,and uses different translation strategies and methods to explore the difficulties and solutions of the translation of terms in the red tourism text.

Clinical use of donor-derived cell-free DNA in kidney transplantation

Traditional monitoring of kidney transplant recipients for allograft dysfunction caused by rejection involves serial checks of serum creatinine with biopsy of the renal allograft if dysfunction is suspected.This approach is labor-intensive,invasive and costly.In addition,because this approach relies on a rise in serum creatinine above historical baselines,injury to the allograft can be extensive before this rise occurs.In an effort to address this,donor-derived cell-free DNA(dd-cf DNA)is being used with increasing frequency in the clinical setting as a means of diagnosing a rejection of the renal allograft early in the course.This can poten-tially allow for early intervention to minimize not only injury,but the intensity of antirejection therapy needed and the avoidance of side effects.Here,we will review the available methodology for the determination and quantification of dd-cf DNA,the data supporting its use in clinical practice and the limitations of this technology.

A Study of English Translation Strategies of Subtitles of the Domestic Animated Film Chang’an from the Perspective of Eco-translatology

This article conducts an analysis and exploration of the English subtitles translation of the domestic animated film Chang’an from the perspective of eco-translatology.Taking three-dimensional transformation as the entry point,it analyzes the adaptation and selection of subtitle translators in the translation process from the dimensions of language,culture,and communication in Chang’an,aiming to enrich the practical analysis of eco-translatology and provide valuable insights and references for the theoretical construction and practical application of eco-translatology.This article enriches the practical analysis of eco-translatology and also validates to a certain extent the applicability of“three-dimensional”transformation.

Translation Theory and Techniques in Optometry Literature: A Case Study of the “Optoform 80 Installation and Maintenance Manual”

Translation of specialized documents in optometry presents unique challenges,requiring a deep understanding of the professional context,terminology,and adherence to specific translation styles.This paper delves into the translation theory and techniques employed in the English-to-Chinese translation of the“Optoform 80 Installation and Maintenance Manual”,serving as a case study.Emphasizing Nida’s theory of functional equivalence,the paper explores the complexities of translating professional optometry literature,focusing on key points and common issues in translating installation and maintenance manuals for optometric devices.Special attention is given to the translation of professional terminology,employing methods such as addition,omission,conversion,and repetition.The translation process aims to meet specific requirements,ensuring accuracy and coherence while aligning with Chinese language conventions.The paper also analyzes translation methods and techniques concerning terminology,prepositions,conjunctions,and handling parallel elements based on practical insights from the Optoform 80 Manual.

A Brief Analysis of Chinese-English Idiom Translation from a Cultural Perspective

Idioms are the essence of language and a concentrated form of culture.As an important and core component of the linguistic world,they hold significant meaning and value for both academic research and practical application.Due to differences in political,cultural,historical,and regional backgrounds and characteristics,the existence,development,and usage of Chinese and English idioms vary,reflecting culture while also being influenced and constrained by it.In the translation process,a rigid,word-for-word translation of the cultural information in idioms may spark controversy.By analyzing the cultural values they reflect and comparing the cultural connotations of Chinese and English idioms,we can see the vast differences between Chinese and Western cultures.Therefore,only with a thorough understanding of the cultural characteristics of the East and West can one profoundly comprehend the meanings of Chinese and English idioms.

Cooperative Distributed Beamforming Design for Multi-RIS Aided Cell-Free Systems

Cell-free systems significantly improve network capacity by enabling joint user service without cell boundaries,eliminating intercell interference.However,to satisfy further capacity demands,it leads to high-cost problems of both hardware and power consumption.In this paper,we investigate multiple reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RISs)aided cell-free systems where RISs are introduced to improve spectrum efficiency in an energy-efficient way.To overcome the centralized high complexity and avoid frequent information exchanges,a cooperative distributed beamforming design is proposed to maximize the weighted sum-rate performance.In particular,the alternating optimization method is utilized with the distributed closed-form solution of active beamforming being derived locally at access points,and phase shifts are obtained centrally based on the Riemannian conjugate gradient(RCG)manifold method.Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed design whose performance is comparable to the centralized scheme and show great superiority of the RISs-aided system over the conventional cellular and cell-free system.

A Comparative Study of Chinese Translations of Tagore’s Stray Birds From the Perspective of the“Three Beauties Theory”

For more than 60 years,Mr.Xu Yuanchong has been devoted to education.He has not only made remarkable achievements in translating from and into Chinese,English,French and other languages,but has also developed his own unique concept of translation.Since 1950,he has always adhered to the“Three Beauties Theory”,believing that translation should not only rely on the original text,but also realize the“beauty of meaning”,“beauty of sound”,and“beauty of form”.Based on Xu Yuanchong’s“Three Beauties Theory”,this paper takes Zheng Zhenduo’s and Feng Tang’s Chinese translations of Stray Birds as an example to explore in depth the specifics of poetry translation theory.The study summarizes the similarities and differences between these two translations in embodying the“three beauties”,providing insights into the Chinese translation techniques of philosophical prose poems.This endeavor seeks to offer valuable insights for the comparative study of Stray Birds translations。

The Evolution of Translation Standards From a Hermeneutic Perspective

Modern hermeneutics centers on the relationship between the“author,text,and reader”in interpretation.Various schools emphasize different aspects,shifting perspectives in translation studies from the author’s original intention to the reader’s experience,acknowledging translator subjectivity,and focusing on textual analysis.Traditional standards of“faithfulness”and“equivalence”have evolved into diverse standards advocating individual differences,promoting tolerance and plurality in translation.