LYOTROPIC AND THERMOTROPIC LIQUID CRYSTALL INE TRIALKYL CELLULOSES OBTAINED DIRECTLY FROM CELLULOSE ACETATE IN DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE

Highly substituted n-atkyl celluloses with sidechains 3 to 10 carbon atoms long have been prepared from cellulose acetate, sodium hydroxide and n-alkyl bromides with dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent. Synthetic conditions of n-alkyl celluloses were studied with respect to reaction temperature, time and yield. The molecular structure of the n-alkyl celluloses, which were obtained as white powders or as sticky, soft and birefringent solids at room temperature, was investigated by IR and NMR spectra and elemental analysis. The highly substituted n-alkyl celluloses all exhibited both therotropic and lyotropic liquid crystalline cholesteric phases in some non-polar solvents. The metting behavior and solubility of the n-alkyl celluloses were examined.

A drug-loaded flexible substrate improves the performance of conformal cortical electrodes

Cortical electrodes are a powerful tool for the stimulation and/or recording of electrical activity in the nervous system.However,the inevitable wound caused by surgical implantation of electrodes presents bacterial infection and inflammatory reaction risks associated with foreign body exposure.Moreover,inflammation of the wound area can dramatically worsen in response to bacterial infection.These consequences can not only lead to the failure of cortical electrode implantation but also threaten the lives of patients.Herein,we prepared a hydrogel made of bacterial cellulose(BC),a flexible substrate for cortical electrodes,and further loaded antibiotic tetracycline(TC)and the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone(DEX)onto it.The encapsulated drugs can be released from the BC hydrogel and effectively inhibit the growth of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.Next,therapeutic cortical electrodes were developed by integrating the drug-loaded BC hydrogel and nine-channel serpentine arrays;these were used to record electrocorticography(ECoG)signals in a rat model.Due to the controlled release of TC and DEX from the BC hydrogel substrate,therapeutic cortical electrodes can alleviate or prevent symptoms associated with the bacterial infection and inflammation of brain tissue.This approach facilitates the development of drug delivery electrodes for resolving complications caused by implantable electrodes.

Engineering Nano/Microscale Chiral Self‑Assembly in 3D Printed Constructs

Helical hierarchy found in biomolecules like cellulose,chitin,and collagen underpins the remarkable mechanical strength and vibrant colors observed in living organisms.This study advances the integration of helical/chiral assembly and 3D printing technology,providing precise spatial control over chiral nano/microstructures of rod-shaped colloidal nanoparticles in intricate geometries.We designed reactive chiral inks based on cellulose nanocrystal(CNC)suspensions and acrylamide monomers,enabling the chiral assembly at nano/microscale,beyond the resolution seen in printed materials.We employed a range of complementary techniques including Orthogonal Superposition rheometry and in situ rheo-optic measurements under steady shear rate conditions.These techniques help us to understand the nature of the nonlinear flow behavior of the chiral inks,and directly probe the flow-induced microstructural dynamics and phase transitions at constant shear rates,as well as their post-flow relaxation.Furthermore,we analyzed the photo-curing process to identify key parameters affecting gelation kinetics and structural integrity of the printed object within the supporting bath.These insights into the interplay between the chiral inks self-assembly dynamics,3D printing flow kinematics and photopolymerization kinetics provide a roadmap to direct the out-of-equilibrium arrangement of CNC particles in the 3D printed filaments,ranging from uniform nematic to 3D concentric chiral structures with controlled pitch length,as well as random orientation of chiral domains.Our biomimetic approach can pave the way for the creation of materials with superior mechanical properties or programable photonic responses that arise from 3D nano/microstructure and can be translated into larger scale 3D printed designs.

Recent Research Progress of Paper-Based Supercapacitors Based on Cellulose

In recent years,paper-based functional materials have received extensive attention in the field of energy storage due to their advantages of rich and adjustable porous network structure and good flexibility.As an important energy storage device,paper-based supercapacitors have important application prospects in many fields and have also received extensive attention from researchers in recent years.At present,researchers have modified and regulated paper-based materials by different means such as structural design and material composition to enhance their electrochemical storage capacity.The development of paper-based supercapacitors provides an important direction for the development of green and sustainable energy.Therefore,it is of great significance to summarize the relevant work of paper-based supercapacitors for their rapid development and application.In this review,the recent research progress of paper-based supercapacitors based on cellulose was summarized in terms of various cellulose-based composites,preparation skills,and electrochemical performance.Finally,some opinions on the problems in the development of this field and the future development trend were proposed.It is hoped that this review can provide valuable references and ideas for the rapid development of paper-based energy storage devices.

Highly Porous Yet Transparent Mechanically Flexible Aerogels Realizing Solar-Thermal Regulatory Cooling

The demand for highly porous yet transparent aerogels with mechanical flexibility and solar-thermal dual-regulation for energy-saving windows is significant but challenging.Herein,a delaminated aerogel film(DAF)is fabricated through filtration-induced delaminated gelation and ambient drying.The delaminated gelation process involves the assembly of fluorinated cellulose nanofiber(FCNF)at the solid-liquid interface between the filter and the filtrate during filtration,resulting in the formation of lamellar FCNF hydrogels with strong intra-plane and weak interlayer hydrogen bonding.By exchanging the solvents from water to hexane,the hydrogen bonding in the FCNF hydrogel is further enhanced,enabling the formation of the DAF with intra-layer mesopores upon ambient drying.The resulting aerogel film is lightweight and ultra-flexible,which pos-sesses desirable properties of high visible-light transmittance(91.0%),low thermal conductivity(33 mW m^(-1) K^(-1)),and high atmospheric-window emissivity(90.1%).Furthermore,the DAF exhibits reduced surface energy and exceptional hydrophobicity due to the presence of fluorine-containing groups,enhancing its durability and UV resistance.Consequently,the DAF has demonstrated its potential as solar-thermal regulatory cooling window materials capable of simultaneously providing indoor lighting,thermal insulation,and daytime radiative cooling under direct sunlight.Significantly,the enclosed space protected by the DAF exhibits a temperature reduction of 2.6℃ compared to that shielded by conventional architectural glass.

Catalyst design and structure control for photocatalytic refineries of cellulosic biomass to fuels and chemicals

Lignocellulosic biomass is the largest renewable hydrocarbon resource on earth.Converting cellulose,one of the major components of lignocellulose,powered by solar energy is a promising way of providing lowcarbon-footprint energy chemicals such as H_(2),HCOOH,CO,and transportation fuels.State-of-the-art biorefineries target the full use of biomass feedstocks as they have a maximum collection radius of 75-100 km,requesting efficient and selective photocatalysts that significantly influence the outcome of photocatalytic biorefineries.Well-performed photocatalysts can harvest a broad solar spectrum and are active in breaking the chemical bonds of cellulose,decreasing the capital investments of biorefineries.Besides,photocatalysts should control the selectivity of cellulose conversion,originating target products to level down separation costs.Charge separation in photocatalysts and interfacial charge transfer between photocatalysts and cellulose affect the activity and selectivity of cellulose refineries to H2 and carbonaceous chemicals.To account for the challenges above,this review summarizes photocatalysts for the refineries of cellulose and downstream platform molecules based on the types of products,with the structure features of different types of photocatalysts discussed in relation to the targets of either improving the activity or product selectivity.In addition,this review also sheds light on the methods for designing and regulating photocatalyst structures to facilitate photocatalytic refineries of cellulose and platform molecules,meanwhile summarizing proposed future research challenges and opportunities for designing efficient photocatalysts.

The application of cellulosic-based materials on interfacial solar steam generation for highly efficient wastewater purification: A review

The world's population is growing,leading to an increasing demand for freshwater resources for drinking,sanitation,agriculture,and industry.Interfacial solar steam generation(ISSG)can solve many problems,such as mitigating the power crisis,minimizing water pollution,and improving the purification and desalination of seawater,rivers/lakes,and wastewater.Cellulosic materials are a viable and ecologically sound technique for capturing solar energy that is adaptable to a range of applications.This review paper aims to provide an overview of current advancements in the field of cellulose-based materials ISSG devices,specifically focusing on their applications in water purification and desalination.This paper examines the cellulose-based materials ISSG system and evaluates the effectiveness of various cellulosic materials,such as cellulose nanofibers derived from different sources,carbonized wood materials,and two-dimensional(2D)and 3D cellulosic-based materials from various sources,as well as advanced cellulosic materials,including bacterial cellulose and cellulose membranes obtained from agricultural and industrial cellulose wastes.The focus is on exploring the potential applications of these materials in ISSG devices for water desalination,purification,and treatment.The function,advantages,and disadvantages of cellulosic materials in the performance of ISSG devices were also deliberated throughout our discussion.In addition,the potential and suggested methods for enhancing the utilization of cellulose-based materials in the field of ISSG systems for water desalination,purification,and treatment were also emphasized.

Reaction pathways and selectivity in the chemo-catalytic conversion of cellulose and its derivatives to ethylene glycol:A review

Biomass-to-ethylene glycol is an effective means to achieve high-value utilisation of cellulose but is hindered by low conversion efficiency and poor catalyst activity and stability.Glucose and cellobiose are derivatives of cellulose conversion to ethylene glycol,and it is found that studying the reaction process of both can help to understand the reaction mechanism of cellulose.It is desirable to develop a reusable,highly active catalyst to convert cellulose into ethylene glycol.This ideal catalyst might have one or more active sites described the conversion steps above.Here,we discuss the catalyst development of celluloseto-ethylene glycol,including tungsten,tin,lanthanide,and other transition metal catalysts,and special attention is given to the reaction mechanism and kinetics for preparing ethylene glycol from cellulose,and the economic advantages of biomass-to-ethylene glycol are briefly introduced.The insights given in this review will facilitate further development of efficient catalysts,for addressing the global energy crisis and climate change related to the use of fossil fuels.

Nano-alumina@cellulose-coated separators with the reinforcedconcrete-like structure for high-safety lithium-ion batteries

Separators play a critical role in the safety and performance of lithium-ion batteries.However,commercial polyolefin separators are limited by their poor affinity with electrolytes and low melting points.In this work,we constructed a reinforced-concrete-like structure by homogeneously dispersing nano-Al_(2)O_(3) and cellulose on the separators to improve their stability and performance.In this reinforcedconcrete-like structure,the cellulose is a reinforcing mesh,and the nano-Al_(2)O_(3) acts as concrete to support the separator.After constructing the reinforced-concrete-like structure,the separators exhibit good stability even at 200℃(thermal shrinkage of 0.3%),enhanced tensile strain(tensile stress of 133.4 MPa and tensile strains of 62%),and better electrolyte wettability(a contact angle of 6.5°).Combining these advantages,the cells with nano-Al_(2)O_(3)@cellulose-coated separators exhibit stable cycling performance and good rate performance.Therefore,the construction of the reinforced-concretelike structure is a promising technology to promote the application of lithium-ion batteries in extreme environments.

SsdchA is a novel secretory cellobiohydrolase driving pathogenicity in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

The necrotrophic fungus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, employs an array of cell wall-degrading enzymes(CWDEs), including cellulase, to dismantle host cell walls. However, the molecular mechanisms through which S. sclerotiorum degrades cellulose remain elusive. Here, we unveil a novel secretory cellobiohydrolase, SsdchA, characterized by a signal peptide and a Glyco_hydro_7(GH7) domain. SsdchA exhibits a robust expression of during early infection stages. Interestingly, colony morphology and growth rates remain unaffected across the wild-type, SsdchA deletion strains and SsdchA overexpression strains on potato dextrose agar(PDA) medium. Nevertheless, the pathogenicity and cellobiohydrolase activity decreased in the SsdchA deletion strains, but enhanced in the SsdchA overexpression strains. Moreover,the heterologous expression of SsdchA in Arabidopsis thaliana leads to reduced cellulose content and heightened susceptibility to S. sclerotiorum. Collectively, our data underscore the pivotal role of the novel cellobiohydrolase SsdchA in the pathogenicity of S. sclerotiorum.

Phosphorylated cellulose nanofibers establishing reliable ion-sieving barriers for durable lithium-sulfur batteries

The shuttle effect is among the most characteristic and formidable challenges in the pursuit of high-performance lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.Herein,phosphorylated cellulose nanofibers(pCNF)are intentionally engineered to establish an ion-sieving barrier against polysulfide shuttling and thereby improve battery performance.The phosphorylation,involving the grafting of phosphate groups onto the cellulose backbone,imparts an exceptional electronegativity that repels the polysulfide anions from penetrating through the separator.Moreover,the electrolyte wettability and Li^(+)transfer can be significantly promoted by the polar nature of pCNF and the facile Li^(+)disassociation.As such,rational ion management is realized,contributing to enhanced reversibility in both sulfur and lithium electrochemistry.As a result,Li-S cells equipped with the self-standing pCNF separator demonstrate outstanding long-term cyclability with a minimum fading rate of 0.013%per cycle over 1000 cycles at 1 C,and a decent areal capacity of 5.37 mA h cm^(-2) even under elevated sulfur loading of 5.0 mg cm^(-2) and limited electrolyte of 6.0 mL g^(-1).This work provides a facile and effective pathway toward the well-tamed shuttle effect and highly durable Li-S batteries.

Influences of fractional separation on the structure and reactivity of wheat straw cellulose for producing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

High-efficient production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF),a“sleeping giant”in sustainable chemistry,from cellulose depends significantly on the effective separation of cellulose from lignocellulosic biomass.Herein,we report the fractional separation of wheat straw cellulose(WSC)from wheat straw under solvothermal conditions using a mixed solvent of γ-valerolactone(GVL)and H_(2)O as the separating solvent,wherein the impacts of fractional separation parameters(solvent composition,temperature,and time)on removals of lignin and hemicellulose as well as purity and recovery of cellulose were studied by a Box-Behnken Design of response surface method.The optimization of the solvothermal parameters enabled an optimal fractional separation condition(V_(GVL):~60.0%,T:205℃,t:~1.7 h)that led to a higher purity(89.4%)and recovery(86.7%)of cellulose in WSC.A further correlation of the removals of lignin and hemicellulose as well as purity and recovery of cellulose with the yield of HMF excluded an independent influence of the above factors.Instead,a comprehensive contribution of high fractional separation efficiency(defined as the product of cellulose purity and recovery)and low crystallinity of WSC was found to improve the HMF yield.However,the heat-and freeze-dryings of WSC after the solvothermal separation were found to lower the HMF molar yield because it re-improved the crystallinity of WSC.A high HMF molar yield of 58.6%was achieved after reacting wet-WSC in a mixed solvent of 1,4-dioxane and H_(2)O at 180℃for 20 min,which was 1.5 fold higher than that from microcrystalline cellulose.This work highlights the importance of enhancing the fractional separation efficiency of cellulose from lignocellulosic biomass while avoiding the drying process for future HMF biorefinery.

CAOSA-extracted lignin improves enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose

The conversion of biomass into sugar platform compounds is very important for the biorefinery industry.Pretreatment is essential to the biomass of the sugar platform,however,the lignin obtained by pretreatment,as a key part of lignocellulose,generally has a passive effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose into sugars.In this study,p-TsOH(p-toluenesulfonic acid),DES(Deep eutectic solvent)and CAOSA(cooking with active oxygen and solid alkali)pretreatment ways were used to fraction lignin from bamboo biomass.After CAOSA treatment,the hydrolysis efficiency of the pulp was 95.57%.Moreover,the effect of different treatment methods on lignin properties was studied and the promotion effect of lignin was investigated by adding it to the cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis system.In this work,the results showed that CAOSA-extracted lignin with lower D(1.31-1.25)had a better adsorption effect on the enzyme protein.p-TsOH-extracted lignin with a larger S/G ratio enhanced the inhibition of enzymatic hydrolysis.In addition,the presence of-COOHs in lignin could reduce its inhibitory effect on cellulose saccharification.

Compliant Iontronic Triboelectric Gels with Phase-Locked Structure Enabled by Competitive Hydrogen Bonding

Rapid advancements in flexible electronics technology propel soft tactile sensing devices toward high-level biointegration,even attaining tactile perception capabilities surpassing human skin.However,the inherent mechanical mismatch resulting from deficient biomimetic mechanical properties of sensing materials poses a challenge to the application of wearable tactile sensing devices in human-machine interaction.Inspired by the innate biphasic structure of human subcutaneous tissue,this study discloses a skin-compliant wearable iontronic triboelectric gel via phase separation induced by competitive hydrogen bonding.Solvent-nonsolvent interactions are used to construct competitive hydrogen bonding systems to trigger phase separation,and the resulting soft-hard alternating phase-locked structure confers the iontronic triboelectric gel with Young’s modulus(6.8-281.9 kPa)and high tensile properties(880%)compatible with human skin.The abundance of reactive hydroxyl groups gives the gel excellent tribopositive and self-adhesive properties(peel strength>70 N m^(−1)).The self-powered tactile sensing skin based on this gel maintains favorable interface and mechanical stability with the working object,which greatly ensures the high fidelity and reliability of soft tactile sensing signals.This strategy,enabling skin-compliant design and broad dynamic tunability of the mechanical properties of sensing materials,presents a universal platform for broad applications from soft robots to wearable electronics.

Recent Progress in Improving Rate Performance of Cellulose-Derived Carbon Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Cellulose-derived carbon is regarded as one of the most promising candidates for high-performance anode materials in sodium-ion batteries;however,its poor rate performance at higher current density remains a challenge to achieve high power density sodium-ion batteries.The present review comprehensively elucidates the structural characteristics of cellulose-based materials and cellulose-derived carbon materials,explores the limitations in enhancing rate performance arising from ion diffusion and electronic transfer at the level of cellulose-derived carbon materials,and proposes corresponding strategies to improve rate performance targeted at various precursors of cellulose-based materials.This review also presents an update on recent progress in cellulose-based materials and cellulose-derived carbon materials,with particular focuses on their molecular,crystalline,and aggregation structures.Furthermore,the relationship between storage sodium and rate performance the carbon materials is elucidated through theoretical calculations and characterization analyses.Finally,future perspectives regarding challenges and opportunities in the research field of cellulose-derived carbon anodes are briefly highlighted.

Leaf Morphology Genes SRL1 and RENL1 Co-Regulate Cellulose Synthesis and Affect Rice Drought Tolerance

The morphological development of rice(Oryza sativa L.)leaves is closely related to plant architecture,physiological activities,and resistance.However,it is unclear whether there is a co-regulatory relationship between the morphological development of leaves and adaptation to drought environment.In this study,a drought-sensitive,roll-enhanced,and narrow-leaf mutant(renl1)was induced from a semi-rolled leaf mutant(srl1)by ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS),which was obtained from Nipponbare(NPB)through EMS.Map-based cloning and functional validation showed that RENL1 encodes a cellulose synthase,allelic to NRL1/OsCLSD4.The RENL1 mutation resulted in reduced vascular bundles,vesicular cells,cellulose,and hemicellulose contents in cell walls,diminishing the water-holding capacity of leaves.In addition,the root system of the renl1 mutant was poorly developed and its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species(ROS)was decreased,leading to an increase in ROS after drought stress.Meanwhile,genetic results showed that RENL1 and SRL1 synergistically regulated cell wall components.Our results revealed a theoretical basis for further elucidating the molecular regulation mechanism of cellulose on rice drought tolerance,and provided a new genetic resource for enhancing the synergistic regulation network of plant type and stress resistance,thereby realizing simultaneous improvement of multiple traits in rice.

Sustainable, thermoplastic and hydrophobic coating from natural cellulose and cinnamon to fabricate eco-friendly catering packaging

Non-degradable polymers cause serious environmental pollution problem,such as the widely-used while unrecyclable coatings which significantly affect the overall degradation performance of products.It is imperative and attractive to develop biodegradable functional coatings.Herein,we proposed a novel strategy to successfully prepare biodegradable,thermoplastic and hydrophobic coatings with high transparence and biosafety by weakening the interchain interactions between cellulose chain.The natural cellulose and cinnamic acid were as raw materials.Via reducing the degree of polymerization(DP)of cellulose and regulating the degree of substitution(DS)of cinnamate moiety,the obtained cellulose cinnamate(CC)exhibited not only the thermalflow behavior but also good biodegradability,which solves the conflict between the thermoplasticity and biodegradability in cellulose-based materials.The glass transition temperature(T_(g))and thermalflow temperature(T_(f))of the CC could be adjusted in a range of 150–200℃ and 180–210℃,respectively.The CC with DS<1.2 and DP≤100 degraded more than 60%after an enzyme treatment for 7 days,and degraded more than 80%after a composting treatment for 42 days.Furthermore,CC had no toxicity to human epidermal cells even at a high concentration(0.5 mg mL^(-1)).In addition,CC could be easily fabricated into multifunctional coating with high hydrophobicity,thermal adhesion and high transparence.Therefore,after combining with cellophane and paperboard,CC coating with low DP and DS could be used to prepare fully-biodegradable heat-sealing packaging,art paper,paper cups,paper straws and food packaging boxes.

3D-bioprinted tri-layered cellulose/collagen-based drug-eluting fillers for the treatment of deep tunneling wounds

Tunneling wounds create passageways underneath the skin surface with varying sizes and shapes and can have twists and turns,making their treatment extremely difficult.Available wound care solutions only cater to superficial wounds,and untreated tunneling wounds pose major health concerns.This study aims to fulfill this challenge by fabricating tunnel wound fillers(TWFs)made of natural polymers that mimic the dermal extracellular matrix.In this study,cellulose microfibers(CMFs)derived from banana stem and fish skin-derived collagen were used to formulate bio-inks with varying CMF contents(25,50,and 75 mg).Tri-layered(CMFs,primary and secondary collagen coatings),drug-eluting(Baneocin),and cell-laden(human mesenchymal stem cells)TWFs were three-dimensional(3D)-printed and extensively characterized.CMFs showed the most suitable rheological properties for 3D printing at 50 mg concentration.The Alamar Blue data showed significantly increased cell proliferation from Day 1 to Day 7,and scratch tests used to evaluate in vitro wound healing revealed that the best coverage of the wound area was achieved using CMFs in combination with collagen and alginate.Finally,the TWF showed promising capability and tunability in terms of wound shape and size upon testing on a chicken tissue model.The results demonstrate the tremendous potential of TWFs in treating deep tunneling wounds with unique advantages,such as patient-specific customization,good wound exudate absorption capability while releasing wound healing drugs,and the inclusion of stem cells for accelerated healing and tissue regeneration.

Redefining biofuels:Investigating oil palm biomass as a promising cellulose feedstock for nitrocellulose-based propellant production

This review paper explores the potential of oil palm biomass as a valuable cellulose source for the production of nitrocellulose-based propellants,contributing to the green revolution and sustainable energy solutions.It highlights the availability of the corresponding biomass in Malaysia and in line with global studies,the chemical compositions,as well as a brief description of current technologies for converting biomass of oil palm into value added products specifically cellulose.Steps to achieve maximum utilization of biomass from oil palm industry for cellulose production and prospective source for nitrocellulose-based propellant are also proposed.The methodology section outlines the pretreatment of lignocellulosic fibres,cellulose extraction,and nitrocellulose production processes.Overall,the review underscores the prospective of palm oil biomass as a sustainable cellulose source for propellant manufacturing,while acknowledging the need for further research and advancements in the field.

An ultrathin and robust single-ion conducting interfacial layer for dendrite-free lithium metal batteries

The practical application of rechargeable lithium metal batteries(LMBs) encounters significant challenges due to the notorious dendrite growth triggered by uneven Li deposition behaviors. In this work,a mechanically robust and single-ion-conducting interfacial layer, fulfilled by the strategic integration of flexible cellulose acetate(CA) matrix with rigid graphene oxide(GO) and Li F fillers(termed the CGL layer), is rationally devised to serve as a stabilizer for dendrite-free lithium(Li) metal batteries. The GCL film exhibits favorable mechanical properties with high modulus and flexibility that help to relieve interface fluctuations. More crucially, the electron-donating carbonyl groups(C=O) enriched in GCL foster a strengthened correlation with Li^(+), which availably aids the Li^(+)desolvation process and expedites facile Li^(+)mobility, yielding exceptional Li^(+) transference number of 0.87. Such single-ion conductive properties regulate rapid and uniform interfacial transport kinetics, mitigating the growth of Li dendrites and the decomposition of electrolytes. Consequently, stable Li anode with prolonged cycle stabilities and flat deposition morphologies are realized. The Li||LiFePO_(4) full cells with CGL protective layer render an outstanding cycling capability of 500 cycles at 3 C, and an ultrahigh capacity retention of 99.99% for over 220 cycles even under harsh conditions. This work affords valuable insights into the interfacial regulation for achieving high-performance LMBs.