Cement and Lime Stabilization Effect on the Evolutivity of an Expansive Overconsolidated Clay

This paper presents and analyzes the results of a series of compaction,fragmentability and damage tests performed on an expansive overconsolidated clay treated with cement and lime.This clay was obtained from the urban site of Sidi-Hadjrès city(wilaya of M'sila,Algeria),where significant damages frequently appears in the road infrastructures,roadway systems and light structures.Tests results obtained show that the geotechnical parameters values deduced from these tests are concordant and confirm the evolutivity of this natural clay treated with composed Portland cement or extinct lime and compacted under optimum Proctor conditions.

Assessment of Cement-Lime as Stabilizer on Mud Bricks

The aim of this study was to evaluate the compressive strength of clay bricks and their stability to water absorption by inserting stabilizers such as lime and cement of 0%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12% to 14%. Spectrometric analysis was used to characterize the various stabilizers and the clay used, and tests of resistance and water absorption were also carried out. The clay was found to be an aluminosilicate (15.55% to 17.17% Al2O3 and 42.12% to 44.15% SiO2). The lime contains 90.84% CaO and the cement has 17.80% SiO2, 3.46% Al2O3, 2.43% Fe2O3 and 58.47% CaO in the combined form of tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate and ferro-tetra calcium aluminate. The results showed that the insertion of locally available stabilizers (lime and cement) improved the strength of the material by almost 80% when the lime was increased from 0% to 14% for 14 days. For compressed cement, a 65% increase in strength was observed under the same conditions. Strength increases with drying time, with a 52% increase in strength at 28 days compared to 14 days. Furthermore, compressed cement bricks have a more compact structure, absorbing very little water (32%). In view of all these results, cement appears to be the best stabilizer, and compression improves compressive strength and reduces water absorption.

Prediction of Free Lime Content in Cement Clinker Based on RBF Neural Network

Considering the fact that free calcium oxide content is an important parameter to evaluate the quality of cement clinker, it is very significant to predict the change of free calcium oxide content through adjusting the parameters of processing technique. In fact, the making process of cement clinker is very complex. Therefore, it is very difficult to describe this relationship using the conventional mathematical methods. Using several models, i e, linear regression model, nonlinear regression model, Back Propagation neural network model, and Radial Basis Function （RBF） neural network model, we investigated the possibility to predict the free calcium oxide content according to selected parameters of the production process. The results indicate that RBF neural network model can predict the free lime content with the highest precision （1.3%） among all the models.

Consolidation behavior of cement—and lime／cement—mixed column foundations

The consolidation behavior of mixed in place cement-and lime /cement-mixed column was studies.COnsolidation of the composite foundation was modeled as a three-dimensional axi-symmetric problem.The authors used the finite difference method to obtain the pore pressure variation with time at and location below the surface.A computer program developed by the authors was used to draw some interesting conclusions about the consolidation behaviors of cement-mixed pile foundation.Finally,a combined model including the permeability coefficients of cement-mixed piles and soil,was studied and its feasibility was evaluated.

Weak Expansive Soil Physical Properties Modification by Means of a Cement-Jute Fiber

Sixteen groups of comprehensive tests have been conducted to investigate the modifications in the physical properties of a weak expansive soil due to the addition of a cement jute fiber.The tests have been conducted to analyze the liquid plastic limit,the particle distribution and the free expansion rate.The results show that:(1)With an increase in the cement-jute fiber content,the free expansion rate of the modified expansive soil gradually decreases,however,such a rate rebounds when the fiber content exceeds 0.5%and the cement content exceeds 6%.(2)With an increase in the cement percentage,the particle unevenness coefficient(Cu)and curvature coefficient(Cc)of the modified expansive soil tend to grow gradually.The Cc coefficient reaches 1.0 when the cement content is 6%.The unevenness coefficient of 16 soil samples is greater than 5.0,however,the Cu coefficient decreases when the cement content reaches 6%.(3)The plastic limit of soil increases as the cement content is made higher,while the liquid limit and plastic index decrease gradually.When the content of the modified material is 2%+0.1%~2%+0.7%(Cement content+jute fiber content),the change of particle size distribution is most obvious.(4)When the contents of cement and jute fiber are is 6%and 0.5%,respectively,the modification induced in the physical properties of soil samples corresponds to the best case.

粉煤灰掺量对轻烧氧化镁基制备3d打印用磷酸镁水泥性能的影响

以实现轻烧氧化镁为原料制备低碳磷酸镁水泥材料的3d打印为目标,采用自主研发的混搅挤功能一化建筑3d打印设备,探究了不同粉煤灰掺量对以轻烧氧化镁为基制备磷酸镁水泥材料性能与打印性能的影响规律,并结合XRD与SEM微观试验进一步分析粉煤灰对其水化产物及晶体样貌的影响。结果表明:与重烧氧化镁相比,由轻烧氧化镁制备磷酸镁水泥的凝结时间大幅缩短;粉煤灰的加入对材料凝结时间影响较小,均在2~3 min左右,但对抗压强度与界面粘结强度有负面影响,当粉煤灰掺量为磷酸镁水泥质量的30%时,抗压强度及界面粘结强度分别下降约34.24%、48.94%;粉煤灰掺量在20%以内时,可有效改善轻烧氧化镁基磷酸镁水泥材料的干缩率,提高体积稳定性;粉煤灰中的活性物质参与水化反应,生成的水化产物与磷酸镁水泥展现出良好的化学相容性,使结构内部更为密实;当粉煤灰掺量为20%~25%时,制备的3d打印用轻烧氧化镁基磷酸镁水泥具有良好的工作性能、体积稳定性能、挤出性能以及建造性能,且满足3d打印对水泥基材料的力学要求。

泵送碱式硫酸镁水泥混凝土的制备和性能

碱式硫酸镁水泥混凝土是新开发出来不久的混凝土材料,具有高抗拉强度、抗冲击和耐腐蚀等优点,但由于其较小的塌落度,限制了其工程应用。本文试验研究了不同掺量萘系减水剂对泵送碱式硫酸镁水泥混凝土塌落度和强度的影响,确定强度等级C30、C40、C50和C60的萘系高效减水剂适宜掺量分别为2.0%、1.2%、1.5%和1.8%。分别研究了掺粉煤灰型和矿渣型泵送碱式硫酸镁水泥混凝土基本力学性能及在海水浸泡、淡水浸泡1280 d后的强度保留率并进行机理分析,发现粉煤灰型泵送碱式硫酸镁水泥混凝土抗海水腐蚀性较好,适合东部沿海地区应用;随着海水暴露时间的延长,泵送碱式硫酸镁水泥混凝土的Df值呈现幂函数的降低关系。本文还对大气中暴露2400 d的钢筋泵送碱式硫酸镁水泥混凝土小梁进行观测,未有锈涨现象。本文为碱式硫酸镁水泥混凝土在工程领域的应用具有重大意义。

糯米浆灰土无侧限压缩和三轴剪切离散元分析

糯米浆灰土是一种常见的遗址保护建筑材料,为研究糯米浆灰土压缩加载过程中的糯米-石灰胶结破坏和接触组构演化情况,采用离散单元法开展了糯米浆灰土无侧限压缩和三轴剪切离散元模拟。首先基于软胶结模型考虑糯米浆-石灰的强度特征,制备了糯米浆灰土离散元试样;然后通过参数敏感性分析为试样赋予合理的接触模型等效模量和胶结强度参数,最后对试样开展无侧限和三轴压缩模拟。结果表明:离散元模拟能再现糯米浆灰土加载试验的主要特征;加载过程中胶结破坏数量先缓后快增加,最终趋于平缓,胶结破坏呈现一定的聚集效应;无侧限压缩下胶结接触主要发生拉伸破坏,随着围压增加,剪切破坏接触数量增加;试样偏组构快速增加段为胶结破坏诱发。

Biopolymer stabilization of clayey soil

This study investigates the efficacy of sodium alginate(SA),xanthan gum(XG),guar gum(GG)and chitosan(CS)d each applied at five different solid biopolymer-to-water mass ratios(or dosages)and cured for 7 d and 28 d d on the unconfined compressive strength(UCS)performance of a high plasticity clayey soil.Moreover,on identifying the optimum biopolymer-treatment scenarios,their performance was compared against conventional stabilization using hydrated lime.For a given curing time,the UCS for all biopolymers followed a riseefall trend with increasing biopolymer dosage,peaking at an optimum dosage and then subsequently decreasing,such that all biopolymer-stabilized samples mobilized higher UCS values compared to the unamended soil.The optimum dosage was found to be 1.5%for SA,XG and CS,while a notably lower dosage of 0.5%was deemed optimum for GG.Similarly,for a given biopolymer type and dosage,increasing the curing time from 7 d to 28 d further enhanced the UCS,with the achieved improvements being generally more pronounced for XG-and CS-treated cases.None of the investigated biopolymers was able to produce UCS improvements equivalent to those obtained by the 28-d soilelime samples;however,the optimum XG,GG and CS dosages,particularly after 28 d of curing,were easily able to replicate 7-d lime stabilization outcomes achieved with as high as twice the soil’s lime demand.Finally,the fundamental principles of clay chemistry,in conjunction with the soil mechanics framework,were employed to identify and discuss the clayebiopolymer stabilization mechanisms.

硅灰掺量对无机磷酸盐涂料防腐性能的影响

为了增强磷酸钾镁水泥(MKPC)涂料的耐腐蚀性,添加氧化镁质量5%、10%、15%、20%四种不同硅灰掺量进行改性,通过维氏硬度、抗折抗压强度、粘结强度等物理化学表征参数,进行电化学方法和中期盐雾试验,测试该涂层在常温固化下的耐腐蚀能力。结果表明,添加氧化镁质量20%硅灰后,磷酸钾镁水泥基钢结构防腐涂料的耐腐蚀能力最佳,比空白组高480%。该防腐涂料涂覆在Q235钢表面,在3.5%氯化钠溶液环境下浸泡28 d后,经过1440 h中性盐雾腐蚀试验,Q235钢涂层表面未出现任何的锈蚀现象。

钢渣石灰稳定土用于道路基层的性能研究

为了研究钢渣和石灰综合稳定土的路用性能,文章通过掺配不同比例的钢渣与石灰,对稳定后的土样进行了室内击实试验、无侧限抗压强度试验、渗水试验以及干缩试验。试验结果表明:当石灰掺量不变时,随着钢渣掺量的增加,钢渣石灰稳定土的最大干密度增大,最佳含水量减小;当钢渣掺量不变时,随着石灰掺量的增加,最大干密度减小,最佳含水量增大;当钢渣掺量为40%~60%,石灰掺量不超过8%时,随着石灰掺量的增加,无侧限抗压强度呈增长趋势,抗渗性能和干缩性能均明显改善,但当石灰掺量超过8%时,无侧限抗压强度出现下降趋势,抗渗性能和干缩性能改善均不明显,建议石灰掺量不宜超过8%;当石灰掺量一定时,随着钢渣掺量的增加,无侧限抗压强度增长趋势逐渐变慢,考虑到经济性和强度设计要求,建议合理选择钢渣的掺量。

废旧轮胎替代燃料在水泥熟料生产中的应用

废旧轮胎是一种较优质的可燃废弃物,其水分、灰分低,热值高。介绍了废旧轮胎作为替代燃料在水泥熟料生产中的研究及应用情况,通过实验确定了适宜的废旧轮胎投加量,以降低企业生产成本,节约能源,减少CO_(2)的排放。

直读式测钙仪法水泥剂量的测量不确定度评定

研究了直读式测钙仪水泥剂量的校准方法,阐明了直读式测钙仪原理,介绍了校准用标准溶液的配制,给出仪器示值误差和重复性的测定步骤,列出了示值误差测量不确定度评定方法。

固化电解金属锰渣在软土路基填筑中的应用研究

电解金属锰渣可以作为软土路基填筑的材料,但电解金属锰渣的含水率过高,且具有一定的毒性。研究通过对电解金属锰渣进行固化,探究了其固化的机理,然后设计了固化电解金属锰渣路用性能验证实验,分析其在软土路基填筑中的应用效果。实验结果表明,加入固化剂固化后最大干密度增加,最优含水率降低。CBR值特性实验中,在掺量为6%时,添加水泥的CBR值增长了54.22%,添加石灰的CBR值增长了62%;在石灰掺量为3%时,CBR值达到为14%。电解锰渣回弹模量实验中,加入固化剂后,回弹模量增长。实验结果说明了固化后的电解金属锰渣具有较好的路用性能,研究将对提高软土路基填筑质量、降低工程风险具有重要的实践意义。

多年冻土区静钻根植桩回冻过程温度场研究

基于传热学理论,给出桩土温度场偏微分方程及边界条件,结合低温稳定多年冻土区地质背景,通过有限元数值分析求解,分析静钻根植桩回冻过程桩土温度场随时间的分布变化规律,讨论水泥掺入量及水泥土的水泥浆体初始拌入温度对回冻过程的影响.结果表明,地表下2m以内桩土温度受大气温度影响较明显,水化热对1.5倍桩径以外及桩底1~2m以下范围桩土温度影响甚微,17 d后桩侧温度回冻至0℃,27d桩侧温度降至-0.5℃以下;水泥浆体初始拌入温度每升高5℃,回冻时间增长5~6 d;水泥掺入量每减少10%,回冻时间缩短1~2 d.静钻根植桩的温度场同样受水化热影响,但回冻时间较短;通过调整水泥浆体配合比和降低水泥浆体初始拌入温度可兼顾水泥土强度和回冻时间要求,达到提高承载力、缩短施工工期的目的.

水泥稳定土试样溶液搅拌器的开发与应用研究

水泥剂量是影响水泥稳定土路面基层质量的关键指标。采用EDTA滴定法检测水泥稳定土水泥剂量时,首先要通过搅拌方式制备试样溶液。传统制备方法采用人工搅拌,效率低,工作强度大,搅拌的时间、速度和质量无法精确统一。文章提出的水泥稳定土试样溶液搅拌器法可以有效解决此问题,且可以防止搅拌过程中产生的氨气对试验人员造成健康伤害,减少操作工时,保障试验人员职业健康。

水泥/石灰和土壤固化剂复合改良膨胀土试验研究

采用水泥/石灰和BJ-W土壤固化剂对安徽地区膨胀土进行了改良试验研究。依据液限、塑限和自由膨胀率试验初步选定改良膨胀土的配合比范围,并通过胀缩总率、无侧限抗压强度和稳定性试验,进一步分析了改良膨胀土的性能变化规律。试验结果表明,掺入水泥/石灰和BJ-W土壤固化剂复合改良中、弱膨胀土时,液限逐渐减小,塑限逐渐增大,自由膨胀率降低到40%以下,且胀缩总率低于0.7%;无侧限抗压强度和稳定性试验中,改良膨胀土的强度和水稳系数(>80%)显著增加,且经过5次干湿循环后,改良膨胀土的强度衰减率小于20%,膨胀土的反复胀缩特性显著改善。综合考虑改良膨胀土的胀缩和强度特性,采用水泥和BJ-W土壤固化剂复合改良膨胀土效果最佳,中膨胀土最优配合比为7%水泥和0.02%BJ-W土壤固化剂,弱膨胀土最优配合比为6%水泥和0.02%BJ-W土壤固化剂。

生石灰与水泥处治过湿土路基填料性能试验研究

为了改善过湿土路基填料的性能,选用生石灰、水泥作为改良剂,对生石灰、水泥改良过湿土路基填料的性能进行了对比试验研究。研究结果表明:相比于素过湿土,石灰或水泥改良过湿土的最佳含水量、无侧限抗压强度、回弹模量值均得到了显著提升,且均随石灰或水泥掺量的增加而增加;石灰改良过湿土虽然一定程度上提高了过湿土的CBR值,但仍不满足相关规范对于一级公路、高速公路路基填料的要求,水泥改良过湿土的CBR值在掺入水泥后显著提升,能够较好满足规范要求;石灰改良过湿土的最佳含水量要优于水泥改良过湿土,水泥对于过湿土CBR值、无侧限抗压强度、回弹模量的改善效果要显著优于石灰。

石灰与水泥改性加固膨胀土对比试验研究

为探究石灰和水泥改性两种方法加固膨胀土的效果,以蒙-华铁路三荆段为例,采用现场采样和室内试验,对膨胀土样品的颗粒分布和力学特性进行了分析,研究了两种改性加固方法不同掺和比例的加固效果,分析内摩擦角、黏聚力、剪切强度等指标的变化规律,对两种加固方案的效果进行了比较,并通过电镜扫描分析了加固后的微观结构,揭示加固机理。结果表明:MHTJ-19和MHTJ-21两个区段的膨胀土在黏性矿物成分、颗粒级配和力学参数方面一致性良好,不存在系统差异。石灰和水泥改性显著提升了膨胀土的黏聚力、内摩擦角和抗剪强度,其中水泥改性效果更佳。电镜扫描图像分析显示,这两种改性方法通过颗粒凝聚作用提高了膨胀土的力学性能和降低了膨胀性。研究成果可为重载铁路工程路基设计和维护提供参考依据。