Centennial Analysis of Human Activity Intensity and Associated Historical Events in Heilongjiang River Sino-Russo Watershed

Human activities in a transborder watershed are complex under the influence of domestic policies,international relations,and global events.Understanding the forces driving human activity change is important for the development of transborder watershed.In this study,we used global historical land cover data,the hemeroby index model,and synthesized major historical events to analyze how human activity intensity changed in the Heilongjiang River(Amur River in Russia)watershed(HLRW).The results showed that there was a strong spatial heterogeneity in the variation of human activity intensity in the HLRW over the past century(1900-2016).On the Chinese side,the human activity intensity change shifted from the plain areas for agricultural reclamation to the mountainous areas for timber extraction.On the Russian side,human activity intensity changes mostly concentrated along the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal-Amur Mainline.Localized variation of human activity intensity tended to respond to regional events while regionalized variation tends to reflect national policy change or broad international events.The similarities and differences between China and Russia in policies and positions in international events resulted in synchronous and asynchronous changes in human activity intensity.Meanwhile,policy shifts were often confined by the natural features of the watershed.These results reveal the historical origins and fundamental connotations of watershed development and contribute to formulating regional management policies that coordinate population,eco-nomic,social,and environmental activities.

Drought Response to Air Temperature Change over China on the Centennial Scale

Climate data from the Climatic Research Unit （CRU） for the period 1901-2013 are used to investigate the drought response to air temperature change over China on the centennial scale. Drought is observed to have increased evidently across China, except for some regions in eastern China. This increase is much stronger in northern China compared to southern China, especially in Northwest and North China. These change characteris- tics of drought are closely associated with air temperature change, with the severe droughts in the major drought episodes of the last century generally coinciding with higher temperatures. The significantly increasing trend of drought in China based on observations only appears when considering the effects of air temperature change, which can explain -49% of droughts in observations and 30%-65% of droughts in Coupled Model Intereomparison Project Phase 5 （CMIP5） model simulations. Furthermore, the response of drought to air temperature change generally increases as the drought time scale increases. Furthermore, drought shows relatively high sensitivity in spring and early summer in China on the centennial scale.

A Review and Outlook of the Centennial of China’s Industrialization:The CPC’s Industrialization Strategy

Industrialization has been a dream for the Chinese nation since modern history and a goal of the Communist Party of China(CPC).Ever since its founding in 1921,the CPC has been exploring a path for China’s industrial development based on socialism as the political and institutional premise.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,the Chinese people have established a socialist system under the CPC’s leadership and carried out industrial development for over seven decades in the world’s most populous country,blazing a new trail of socialist industrialization with Chinese characteristics.Under the CPC’s leadership,China established an independent and complete industrial system in less than three decades from 1949 to 1978,and developed into the world’s largest industrial power with the most complete industrial sectors in over three decades from 1979 to 2016.In its future industrial development,China aims to complete new-type industrialization by 2035,build a modern economic system,reach the level of moderately developed countries in terms of GDP per capita,and develop into a major world industrial power by the centennial of the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 2049.

Nonlinear evolution characteristics of the climate system on the interdecadal-centennial timescale

To better understand the physical mechanism of the climate change on interdecadal-centennial timescale, this paper focuses on analysing and modelling the evolution characteristics of the climate change. The method of wavelet transform is used to pick out the interdecadal timescale oscillations from long-term instrumental observations, natural proxy records, and modelling series. The modelling series derived from the most simplified nonlinear climatic model are used to identify whether modifications are concerned with some forcings such as the solar radiation on the climate system. The results show that two major oscillations exist in various observations and model series, namely the 20- 30a and the 60-70a timescale respectively, and these quasi-periodicities are modulated with time. Further, modelling results suggest that the originations of these oscillations are not directly linked with the periodic variation of solar radiations such as the 1-year cycle, the 11-year cycle, and others, but possibly induced by the internal nonlinear effects of the climate system. It seems that the future study on the genesis of the climate change with interdecadal-centennial timescale should focus on the internal nonlinear dynamics in the climate system.

Rates and fluxes of centennial-scale carbon storage in the fine-grained sediments from the central South Yellow Sea and Min-Zhe belt, East China Sea

The global carbon cycle has played a key role in mitigating global warming and climate change.Long-term natural and anthropogenic processes influence the composition,sources,burial rates,and fluxes of carbon in sediments on the continental shelf of China.In this study,the rates,fluxes,and amounts of carbon storage at the centennial scale were estimated and demonstrated using the case study of three fine-grained sediment cores from the central South Yellow Sea area(SYSA) and Min-Zhe belt(MZB),East China Sea.Based on the high-resolution temporal sequences of total carbon(TC)and total organic carbon(TOC)contents,we reconstructed the annual variations of historical marine carbon storage,and explored the influence of terrestrial and marine sources on carbon burial at the centennial scale.The estimated TC storage over 100 years was 1.18×10~8 t in the SYSA and 1.45×10~9 t in the MZB.The corrected TOC storage fluxes at the centennial scale ranged from 17 to 28 t/(km^2·a)in the SYSA and from 56 to 148 t/(km^2·a)in the MZB.The decrease of terrestrial materials and the increase of marine primary production suggest that the TOC buried in the sediments in the SYSA and MZB was mainly derived from the marine autogenetic source.In the MZB,two depletion events occurred in TC and TOC storage from 1985 to 1987 and 2003 to 2006,which were coeval with the water impoundment in the Gezhouba and Three Gorges dams,respectively.The high-resolution records of the carbon storage rates and fluxes in the SYSA and MZB reflect the synchronous responses to human activities and provide an important reference for assessing the carbon sequestration capacity of the marginal seas of China.

Impacts of Multi-Scale Solar Activity on Climate.Part Ⅱ:Dominant Timescales in Decadal-Centennial Climate Variability

Part II of this study detects the dominant decadal-centennial timescales in four SST indices up to the 2010/2011 winter and tries to relate them to the observed 11-yr and 88-yr solar activity with the sunspot number up to Solar Cycle 24. To explore plausible solar origins of the observed decadal-centennial timescales in the SSTs and climate variability in general, we design a simple one-dimensional dynamical system forced by an annual cycle modulated by a small-amplitude single- or multi-scale ＂solar activity.＂ Results suggest that nonlinear harmonic and subharmonic resonance of the system to the forcing and period-doubling bifurcations are responsible for the dominant timescales in the system, including the 60-yr timescale that dominates the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. The dominant timescales in the forced system depend on the system＇s parameter setting. Scale enhancement among the dominant response timescales may result in dramatic amplifications over a few decades and extreme values of the time series on various timescales. Three possible energy sources for such amplifications and extremes are proposed. Dynamical model results suggest that solar activity may play an important yet not well recognized role in the observed decadal-centennial climate variability. The atmospheric dynamical amplifying mechanism shown in Part I and the nonlinear resonant and bifurcation mechanisms shown in Part II help us to understand the solar source of the multi-scale climate change in the 20th century and the fact that different solar influenced dominant timescales for recurrent climate extremes for a given region or a parameter setting. Part II also indicates that solar influences on climate cannot be linearly compared with non-cyclic or sporadic thermal forcings because they cannot exert their influences on climate in the same way as the sun does.

中国铀矿成矿规律与百年勘查成果及新一轮找矿突破行动建议--《中国矿产地质志·铀矿卷》研编

铀是军民两用重要战略性矿产资源,随着我国核电产业的快速发展,对铀资源的保障提出了更高要求。笔者基于《中国矿产地质志·铀矿卷》的研编,阐述了中国铀矿百年勘查成果,介绍了中国铀矿床类型及其特征,归纳了中国典型的铀成矿理论。为了进一步落实新一轮找矿突破战略行动,确保铀矿目标的实现,划分了中国铀成矿系列,分析了中国铀资源的区位优势,总结了中国铀成矿规律;针对中国“四大类型”铀矿床,概述了中国铀矿的禀赋特征,提出了铀矿找矿方向,以期为找矿突破战略行动提供有益的借鉴。

渤海西部海域百年以来有机碳来源和影响机制

渤海西部海域沉积物中有机碳百年以来演化的控制因素和来源尚不明确。本文选取该海域4个柱状样沉积样品(ZY009、ZY035、ZY045和ZY054),基于210Pb年代学测定,分析了样品的粒度、有机碳、总氮、碳氮同位素变化特征,探讨了有机碳的来源、埋藏通量以及影响有机碳分布的控制因素。结果表明,百年以来黄河入海口及近岸海域沉积物主要为陆源和海源有机质的混合。有机碳主要富集在细粒沉积物中,其中ZY009柱状样75 cm以下以陆源有机质为主,而75 cm以上则以海洋溶解碳占主导;ZY054样品中的有机碳主要以黄河C3陆生植物为主。此外,有机碳的分布对黄河入海口5次迁移极为敏感,其中入海口的北移导致研究区有机碳含量增加,而南移则有机碳含量降低。在有机碳埋藏通量方面,自1886年以来,ZY009样品显示逐年递减的趋势,这可能与气候事件、黄河径流量和输沙量的减少有关,同时由于其距离河口较远,受到流域以及人类干扰较小。相反,ZY054样品自1886年以来有机碳埋藏通量呈现增加趋势,但在1988年后,由于黄河断流等因素,通量开始下降。2002年以后,由于人为调水调沙措施以及海岸带人类活动的增强,海洋初级生产力得到提升,进而导致靠近黄河入海口区域的有机碳埋藏通量增加。百年以来渤海西部海域沉积物中有机碳来源复杂,粒度特征、黄河入海口迁移和人类活动对有机碳的分布和埋藏通量具有显著影响。

新疆成矿规律与百年勘查成果及新一轮找矿突破行动建议--《中国矿产地质志·新疆卷》研编

新疆地处我国西北边陲,地域广阔,矿产资源丰富,战略地位十分重要,已成为国家矿产资源战略后备基地。《中国矿产地质志·新疆卷》研编是新疆地质工作前所未有的历史性工程,历经八年,圆满完成,形成“志、图、库、普”四项重大成果,对支持新疆地质矿产勘查部署和矿产资源管理具有重大意义。本文以志书主要内容和重要成果为基础,概述新疆矿产资源总貌和成矿地质背景;从“空间展布+时间分布+矿床类型”成矿规律三要素的角度,重点叙述矿床成矿系列和五时段成矿体系的特征和规律,提出“两缘两环”及中生代成矿爆发期的新认识;从萌发期、起步期、巩固期、加速期四个阶段,简述了新疆百年勘查辉煌历程,总结了奠定构建新疆矿产勘查开发新格局和建成国家矿产资源战略后备基地的丰硕成果。最后,以矿床成矿系列类型为主线,提出新疆矿产勘查总体布局、重要方向和主要突破区带的建议,助力新疆新一轮找矿突破战略取得新进展。

广西成矿规律与百年勘查成果及新一轮找矿突破行动建议--《中国矿产地质志·广西卷》研编

广西位于华南板块的南端,处于滨太平洋构造域、特提斯构造域和古亚洲域相互作用交汇处,特有的地质构造环境造就了丰富的矿产资源。广西已查明的储量居全国前列的矿产资源主要有:能源矿产铀,黑色金属矿产锰、钛,有色金属矿产锑、锡、铝、锌、铅、钨,贵金属矿产银,稀有稀土金属矿产铌、钽、稀土,矿物类非金属矿产水晶、方解石、长石、重晶石、滑石,岩石(土)类非金属矿产高岭土、膨润土、泥岩、页岩、石灰岩、大理岩、白云岩和其他砂石黏土等。自2013年启动《中国矿产地质志·广西卷》研编,系统总结了广西成矿地质条件、矿产分布规律与近百年来地质勘查成果,编制了1:50万广西矿产地质图及1:50万广西区域成矿规律图,建立了广西矿产资源数据库,开展了广西重要矿产成矿预测与评价,取得的研编成果为当代广西矿产资源开发提供了重要依据。其中提出的特提斯构造成矿作用、深部成矿理论与找矿预测、加里东成矿作用与找矿、广西能源与战略性矿产资源找矿等方面的研编成果,为广西实施新一轮找矿突破战略行动提供了新的思路和方向。

历史哲学视域下的中国共产党百年巡视成效研究

中国共产党巡视工作以马克思主义为逻辑起点,自建党百年以来,沿着革命、建设和改革的历史脉络展开,呈现出鲜明的中国特色,作出了伟大成就,为世界各国提供了政党建设的中国共产党样本。从哲学层面解读中国共产党巡视工作的历史贡献,对全面深入推进新时代巡视工作、加强党的建设和治国理政具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。

中国共产党领导百年农业现代化的历程、特征与经验

农业现代化是中国式现代化的重要组成部分,是建设中国特色社会主义强国的关键支撑。中国共产党自成立以来,便领导全国人民进行了漫长而曲折的现代化建设探索,并取得了中国特色农业现代化实践的历史性的成就。本研究基于对党领导下我国百年农业现代化历史进程的梳理,系统归纳其在目标指向、施策逻辑和实现路径上的演进特征,并从“目标遵循、思想底色、关键推力、基本方法、路径策略、价值旨归”等六个维度,总结出以坚持“人民至上、自信自立、守正创新、问题导向、系统推进、胸怀天下”等为核心的基本经验,旨在为新时代中国式农业现代化的持续深入推进提供价值参考。

中国化马克思主义世界观和方法论的百年创新及其基本经验

从党的百年奋斗历程看,中国革命、建设、改革取得的伟大成就离不开马克思主义科学世界观和方法论的指导,同时这也是马克思主义世界观和方法论不断中国化时代化的过程:先后形成了毛泽东思想的世界观和方法论、中国特色社会主义理论体系的世界观和方法论、习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界观和方法论。“六个必须坚持”是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界观和方法论的集中体现,是指导新时代中国特色社会主义伟大实践的科学指南。在这一奋斗历程中,中国共产党人坚持、运用和发展马克思主义世界观和方法论,形成了一脉相承、与时俱进、“两个结合”、活学活用等基本经验。

1600-1900年渭南地区洪涝灾害多尺度时序特征及对降水的响应

目的 研究1600-1900年渭南地区洪涝灾害的多尺度时序特征及其对降水的响应,为认识该区洪涝灾害的发生机制和历史时期气候变化规律提供理论依据。方法 基于《中国三千年气象记录总集》等历史文献资料,利用集合经验模态分解(EEMD)和Morlet小波分析等方法。结果 1600-1900年渭南地区的洪涝灾害具有显著的准3 a和6 a的年际,准12 a, 15 a, 28 a和57 a的年代际和准125 a和208 a的百年际周期变化;厄尔尼诺和太平洋年代际振荡可能是导致该区洪涝灾害发生的主要原因;该区洪涝灾害在年际尺度上的方差贡献率(68.34%)大于在年代际和百年尺度上的方差贡献率(24.0%和2.92%),这可能暗含着该地区洪涝灾害的年际振荡信号强于年代际和百年尺度的振荡信号。结论 1600-1900年渭南地区的洪涝灾害存在年际、年代际和百年际尺度变化特征,并与毗邻地区华山和中北地区的降水有着较好的响应。

中国共产党领导卫生防疫事业的百年历程、基本特点和经验启示

中国共产党自成立之初,就将保障人民健康同争取民族独立、人民解放的事业紧密联系,高度重视国内卫生防疫事业发展工作。中国共产党领导下的百年卫生防疫事业经历初创、拓展、完善与跨越式发展四大时期,取得历史性进展与成效,形成凸显防疫工作政治价值、遵循人民至上价值准则、坚持依法防控重要原则、落实群防群控防疫机制的基本特点。在百年卫生防疫实践中,中国共产党积累了丰富的经验,历史经验表明,坚持党在防疫工作中的领导地位是做好卫生防疫工作的根本保证,坚持科学防治是战胜疫情的最有力武器,坚持群众路线是推动卫生防疫事业不断前进的基本凭藉。

全力奋进高质量发展 加速上扬成长“第二曲线”

大庆油田是我国重要的油气生产基地,围绕贯彻落实习近平总书记重大嘱托,作出加速上扬成长“第二曲线”的战略部署。为推进战略规划落地,需要发扬历史主动,清晰历史定位,把握历史观点,增强历史担当,让辉煌历史走向美好未来。本文阐释了以高质量发展加速上扬成长“第二曲线”的重大意义,辩证分析了新时代高质量发展面临的现实条件、遵循的基本原则,提出了七项重大任务措施,全力推进质的有效提升和量的合理增长,加快建设世界一流现代化百年油田。

分形视角下城市非规则道路网近百年演化过程研究

城市道路网在不同时期具有独特的网络结构,然而在近百年历程中如何演变,其过程并不清晰。研究以城市非规则道路网为例,通过历史资料整理提取了南京市鼓楼片区1900年来4个时期道路网,运用分形理论量化表达道路网覆盖均匀度和发育复杂度。结果表明:鼓楼片区非规则路网是由贯通性主干路牵引形成的;其路网相对稀疏,依然有更新和改进的空间;路网覆盖度和连通度近年来趋于平缓,城市应重视干道的功能拓展和“大院制”支路的打通。通过文献史料分析,解释了不同阶段规划思想、社会变革等因素对道路网演变起到的作用,认为历史古城道路网的更新保护应重视起牵引作用的骨架干道,同时重视非机动车和行人的需求,提升其可达性。

农民教育助力乡村建设百年探索的逻辑机理与实践进路

我国乡村建设探索至今已有百年。百年探索中,农民教育始终是助力乡村建设的关键举措,乡村建设也一直以农民教育为重要抓手。百年回眸,农民教育助力乡村建设的演进历程大致可以划分为助力挽救乡村与拯救民族阶段(1949年以前)、助力恢复与发展乡村生产建设阶段(1949—1977年)、助力乡村全面改革阶段(1978—1999年)、助力社会主义新农村建设阶段(2000—2011年)、助力农业农村现代化阶段(2012年至今)。这一历程演进揭示出农民教育的逻辑机理:新时代,农民教育在逻辑机理上要一以贯之,在科教兴农、农民“精神重建”与“理想再造”、农民综合素质素养提升、农民政治认同感增强与主体性激发、农民生态环保意识培育上推进乡村振兴。同时基于已有经验,从思想、理论、制度、体系以及行动上,探索更好的服务乡村振兴大计、民族复兴大局的实践路径。

两种植物生长调节剂对无核白鸡心葡萄果实品质的影响

为探究不同植物生长调节剂对葡萄果实品质与香气的影响,筛选提升果实品质、增加香气含量的最佳处理,以乌鲁木齐地区树龄9年的无核白鸡心葡萄为试验材料,设置赤霉素(GA_(3))(30、50、70 mg·L^(-1))加氯吡脲(CPPU)(0、1、2 mg·L^(-1))9个植物生长调节剂处理,于果实膨大期蘸施,以清水为对照,测定成熟期果实纵横径、粒重、可溶性固形物含量、维生素C(VC)含量、酚类物质含量和保护酶活性,并采用气相色谱质谱(GC-MS)法测定香气物质成分。结果表明,不同处理对提高果实品质效果显著(P<0.05),与对照相比,70 mg·L^(-1)GA_(3)+1 mg·L^(-1)CPPU处理后果实纵径、果实横径、粒重、果形指数分别提高33.93%、10.06%、56.18%、19.02%,可溶性固形物含量提高5.79百分点,可滴定酸含量下降0.14百分点,固酸比提升69.44%。此外,GA_(3)和CPPU组合处理对果实中多酚、原花青素、黄烷醇等酚类物质含量的增加效果显著。果实中共检测出74种香气物质,其中玫瑰香型物质有β-大马士酮、香叶醇、月桂烯、香茅醇、α-松油醇、(+)-柠檬烯。与对照相比,50 mg·L^(-1)GA_(3)+2 mg·L^(-1)CPPU处理后β-大马士酮含量提高47.00%,70 mg·L^(-1)GA_(3)+2 mg·L^(-1)CPPU处理后香叶醇、月桂烯、香茅醇、α-松油醇含量分别提高16.67%、18.05%、50.65%、1043.46%,50 mg·L^(-1)GA_(3)+1 mg·L^(-1)CPPU处理后(+)-柠檬烯含量是对照的6.57倍。综上可知,无核白鸡心葡萄经过70 mg·L^(-1)GA_(3)+1 mg·L^(-1)CPPU处理后,能显著提高果实品质,经70 mg·L^(-1)GA_(3)+2 mg·L^(-1)CPPU处理后香气物质含量显著提升。