This study aimed to examine the effects of open/ closed eyes and age difference on Center of Foot Pressure (COP) sway during stepping. The subjects were 87 healthy males aged 10 - 80 years. COP was measured 20 times w...This study aimed to examine the effects of open/ closed eyes and age difference on Center of Foot Pressure (COP) sway during stepping. The subjects were 87 healthy males aged 10 - 80 years. COP was measured 20 times when subjects stepped on two force plates (left and right) at a rate of 60 steps/min. The evaluation parameters selected were: total trace length, velocity, circumference, rectangular area,left-right width, and front-back width. The former four of these parameters were found to be significantly lower with eyes open than eyes closed in 80-year-old subjects, while the last parameter was significantly lower with eyes open in 10-year-old subjects. In 70- and 80-year-old subjects with eyes open, circumference was greater than that in 10- and 40 - 60-year-old subjects;their rectangular area was greater than that in 50- and 60-year-old subjects;and, their front-back width was greater than that in 10- and 30 - 60-year-old subjects. With eyes closed, circumference, rectangular area, left-right width, and front-back width in 80-year- old subjects, were greater than those in 10 - 70- year-old subjects. The front-back width during stepping with eyes closed was greater in 70- and 80-year-old subjects than in 30 - 50-year-old subjects. The Romberg quotient for all COP sway parameters revealed no significant age-related differences. From our findings, a difference in body sway was observed in 80-year-old subjects (with eyes open/closed) when compared with the other age groups. In addition, the extent of sway varied little among 80 year-old- subjects have greater body sway during stepping, particularly with eyes closed.展开更多
Background:Combined knee valgus and tibial internal rotation(VL+IR)moments have been shown to stress the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)in several in vitro cadaveric studies.To utilize this knowledge for non-contact A...Background:Combined knee valgus and tibial internal rotation(VL+IR)moments have been shown to stress the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)in several in vitro cadaveric studies.To utilize this knowledge for non-contact ACL injury prevention in sports,it is necessary to elucidate how the ground reaction force(GRF)acting point(center of pressure(CoP))in the stance foot produces combined knee VL+IR moments in risky maneuvers,such as cuttings.However,the effects of the GRF acting point on the development of the combined knee VL+IR moment in cutting are still unknown.Methods:We first established the deterministic mechanical condition that the CoP position relative to the tibial rotational axis differentiates the GRF vector’s directional probability for developing the combined knee VL+IR moment,and theoretically predicted that when the CoP is posterior to the tibial rotational axis,the GRF vector is more likely to produce the combined knee VL+IR moment than when the CoP is anterior to the tibial rotational axis.Then,we tested a stochastic aspect of our theory in a lab-controlled in vivo experiment.Fourteen females performed 60˚cutting under forefoot/rearfoot strike conditions(10 trials each).The positions of lower limb markers and GRF data were measured,and the knee moment due to GRF vector was calculated.The trials were divided into anterior-and posterior-CoP groups depending on the CoP position relative to the tibial rotational axis at each 10 ms interval from 0 to 100 ms after foot strike,and the occurrence rate of the combined knee VL+IR moment was compared between trial groups.Results:The posterior-CoP group showed significantly higher occurrence rates of the combined knee VL+IR moment(maximum of 82.8%)at every time point than those of the anterior-CoP trials,as theoretically predicted by the deterministic mechanical condition.Conclusion:The rearfoot strikes inducing the posterior CoP should be avoided to reduce the risk of non-contact ACL injury associated with the combined knee VL+IR stress.展开更多
The expanded disability status scale (EDSS) is frequently used to classify the patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). We presented in this paper a novel method to automatically assess the EDSS score from posturologic ...The expanded disability status scale (EDSS) is frequently used to classify the patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). We presented in this paper a novel method to automatically assess the EDSS score from posturologic data (center of pres-sure signals) using a decision tree. Two groups of participants (one for learning and the other for test) with EDSS rang-ing from 0 to 4.5 performed our balance experiment with eyes closed. Two linear measures (the length and the surface) and twelve non-linear measures (the recurrence rate, the Shannon entropy, the averaged diagonal line length and the trapping time for the position, the instantaneous velocity and the instantaneous acceleration of the center of pressure respectively) were calculated for all the participants. Several decision trees were constructed with learning data and tested with test data. By comparing clinical and estimated EDSS scores in the test group, we selected one decision tree with five measures which revealed a 75% of agreement. The results have signified that our tree model is able to auto-matically assess the EDSS scores and that it is possible to distinguish the EDSS scores by using linear and non-linear postural sway measures.展开更多
目的从线性和非线性两个角度探究人体站立稳定调控策略。方法招募16名健康男性受试者,在平衡台完成30 s正常站立、闭眼站立以及在泡沫垫上睁眼和闭眼站立,通过时空参数、轨迹近似熵和小波变换分析不同干扰因素站立时足底压力中心(center...目的从线性和非线性两个角度探究人体站立稳定调控策略。方法招募16名健康男性受试者,在平衡台完成30 s正常站立、闭眼站立以及在泡沫垫上睁眼和闭眼站立,通过时空参数、轨迹近似熵和小波变换分析不同干扰因素站立时足底压力中心(center of pressure,COP)轨迹的线性及非线性特征,采用视觉×本体感觉重复测量方差分析比较干扰情况下(视觉干扰、本体感觉干扰和视觉、本体感觉共同干扰)与正常站立情况下COP轨迹线性及非线性特征差异。结果在线性指标中,闭眼站立、不稳定站立和闭眼不稳定站立相比于正常站立时COP轨迹长度、轨迹速率和C90面积均增加(P<0.05),3种干扰方式下的C90偏角以及前后(anteroposterior,AP)、内外(mediolateral,ML)方向平均偏移量相比于正常站立无明显变化(P>0.05)。在非线性指标中,在ML和AP两个方向,闭眼站立、不稳定站立和闭眼不稳定站立相比于正常站立COP轨迹的近似熵差异均无差异(P>0.05);频域指标的ML方向,视觉干扰使中频、低频和次低3个频段的能量权重升高(P<0.05),超低频能量权重降低(P<0.05);本体感觉干扰时3个频段的能量权重相比于正常站立无差异(P>0.05);在视觉、本体感觉共同干扰时,中频、低频和次低频能量权重增加(P<0.05),超低频能量权重降低(P<0.05);在频域指标的AP方向,视觉干扰后相比于正常站立次低频能量下降(P<0.05)、超低频能量上升(P<0.05);本体感觉干扰和视觉、本体感觉共同干扰中频、低频和次低频能量权重均上升(P<0.05),超低频能量权重下降(P<0.05)。结论对于健康人群,站立时人体以较低频段的闭环控制机制为主导,外界信号输入受到干扰并不会改变站立COP轨迹的复杂性,其中视觉信息干扰对ML方向影响较为明显,本体感觉信息干扰对AP方向影响较为明显。站立受到干扰时,开环控制机制的较高频段能量权重增加,身体的晃动幅度和速度变大。展开更多
目的探讨着鞋类型(裸足、普通鞋、极简鞋)与步行速度(快步走、常速行走)对膝关节生物力学指标的影响,为科学健身提供理论参考。方法采用Vicon三维运动捕捉系统、Kisler三维测力台同步采集10名男性在裸足、穿着不同鞋常速行走与快步走时...目的探讨着鞋类型(裸足、普通鞋、极简鞋)与步行速度(快步走、常速行走)对膝关节生物力学指标的影响,为科学健身提供理论参考。方法采用Vicon三维运动捕捉系统、Kisler三维测力台同步采集10名男性在裸足、穿着不同鞋常速行走与快步走时下肢运动生物力学指标。采用双因素(2种行走方式×3种着鞋类型)重复测量方差分析对各指标进行统计分析。结果相对于快步走,常速行走时足底压力中心(center of pressure,COP)向外偏移较大,额状面膝关节力臂、膝关节内收外力矩和第1峰值负载率均较小,但额状面膝关节冲量矩较大;相对于穿着普通跑鞋,裸足或穿着极简鞋时,步幅变小,COP向外偏移较大,额状面膝关节力臂、膝关节内收外力矩、第1峰值负载率和额状面膝关节冲量矩较小。结论为降低额状面膝关节冲量矩以及峰值负载率,建议着极简鞋采用小步幅进行快步走锻炼。展开更多
目的探究视觉反馈对人体静止直立姿态的镇定作用及其发生机制。方法考察12名青年志愿者在直立(对照)状态和直立并视觉反馈状态下足底压力中心(center of pressure,COP)的变化。利用布朗运动模型对比两种状态下COP轨迹的扩散系数、Hurst...目的探究视觉反馈对人体静止直立姿态的镇定作用及其发生机制。方法考察12名青年志愿者在直立(对照)状态和直立并视觉反馈状态下足底压力中心(center of pressure,COP)的变化。利用布朗运动模型对比两种状态下COP轨迹的扩散系数、Hurst指数及临界点特性变化,并通过单因素重复测量方差分析检验其差异显著性。结果视觉反馈状态下:长期区间上,Hurst指数减小约1/2,扩散系数减小约2/3;短期区间上,Hurst指数与左右方向扩散系数均无显著变化;临界点均方位移仅在前后方向显著增大,时间间隔变化不显著。结论视觉反馈增强了人体姿态闭环控制,但对开环控制及开、闭环控制机制的切换特性影响不大;视觉反馈对人体姿态控制的作用表现出方向差异,前后方向上的视觉反馈作用比左右方向更为明显。展开更多
目的通过不同工况下头部和腰部的加速度信号分析人体步态稳定性,与质心(center of mass,COM)-压力中心(center of pressure, COP)法进行对比,探讨应用可穿戴设备进行步态稳定性分析的可靠性。方法应用基于加速度信号的谐波比(harmonic r...目的通过不同工况下头部和腰部的加速度信号分析人体步态稳定性,与质心(center of mass,COM)-压力中心(center of pressure, COP)法进行对比,探讨应用可穿戴设备进行步态稳定性分析的可靠性。方法应用基于加速度信号的谐波比(harmonic ratio, HR)参数分析18名健康青年人在3种工况下(穿鞋自然行走、裸足自然行走、不同步速裸足行走)的行走稳定性,并与COM-COP法的评估结果比较。结果自然步速下步态最稳定,此时HR最大;裸足比穿鞋行走时HR显著减小(P<0.05),步态稳定性降低。该结果与COM-COP法分析结果一致。综合步速和穿鞋影响因素,基于加速度的HR参数与COM-COP法的步态稳定性评估结果呈显著负线性相关(R^2>0.50),其中腰部HR具有更显著的线性相关性(R^(2 )>0.60)。结论应用基于加速度信号的分析算法可以有效且可靠地评估人体步态稳定性,其中腰部加速度对步态稳定性更敏感。展开更多
背景:足结构的异常影响着足部的缓冲、动力及储能作用,研究表明足结构和足功能的生物力学评价方法对区分无症状的异常足型具有一定参考价值。目的:探究足结构及足功能的生物力学指标并对其进行分类梳理。方法:以"足结构,足功能&quo...背景:足结构的异常影响着足部的缓冲、动力及储能作用,研究表明足结构和足功能的生物力学评价方法对区分无症状的异常足型具有一定参考价值。目的:探究足结构及足功能的生物力学指标并对其进行分类梳理。方法:以"足结构,足功能""足底压力,压力中心轨迹""足弓,足横弓""步态""Foot function""Center of pressure""Flatfoot""Arch index"等关键词,在中国知网、百度学术、百链学术、PudMed、SpringeLink、Nature等数据库检索1993年1月至2020年5月有关文献,结合足的力学特性,从静态和动态两个方面,构建足结构的测试方法,探究足功能的生物力学评价手段。结果与结论:在静态形态学方面,用踝翻转指数和踝关节刚度评价了踝关节的结构和功能;用后跟小腿角和内侧纵弓角评价了后跟的结构和功能;以弓高指数和弓高适应性评价足弓的功能;用脚趾适应性评价拇指在外力矩下的功能;结合足姿指数的评分体系,系统地评价了足静态功能。在动态运动学方面,以行进间的足弓指数、压力中心曲线的特征及足翻转指数完成了动态足功能评价。展开更多
Footwear have been evaluated mostly using commercially available products, while some researchers have used custom shoes. Hence, the understanding of the effects of various parameters of a shoe is quite limited. The f...Footwear have been evaluated mostly using commercially available products, while some researchers have used custom shoes. Hence, the understanding of the effects of various parameters of a shoe is quite limited. The footbed simulator invented in recent years allows a range of parameters to be studied in quiet standing. It can be used to evaluate perceived feel and center of pressure changes to changes in heel height, seat length, material, wedge angle and toe spring. This paper is meant to show the value of the footbed simulator in terms of research and the actual production of shoes. A study performed with two heel heights, three combinations of seat length and material and three wedge angles showed that the perceived feel is closely related to the center of pressure. The results also show the optimum footbed has a significantly different perceived feel. Thus, the footbed simulator is an ideal way to generate custom footwear designs.展开更多
During pregnancy,women experience substantial changes in physiology,morphology,and hormonal systems.These changes have profound effects on the biomechanics of the human body,particularly the musculoskeletal system,res...During pregnancy,women experience substantial changes in physiology,morphology,and hormonal systems.These changes have profound effects on the biomechanics of the human body,particularly the musculoskeletal system,resulting in discomfort,pain,and decreased body stability.Sufficient biomechanical knowledge is critical for understanding the etiology and precautions of musculoskeletal disorders.With awareness of health problems in the pregnant cohort,identification,intervention,and precaution of problems have garnered attention.Researchers have conducted studies to determine the biomechanics of pregnancy.There have been review studies on summarization.However,to the best of our knowledge,few studies have comprehensively described biomechanical changes throughout pre-,in-,and postpartum periods.This review analyzed available studies on biomechanical changes during these three periods in the electronic databases of PubMed,Scopus,and Cochrane from inception until June 2,2021.Synthesized the general information,age of the studied subjects,investigated periods,sample size,objectives,measurement tools,and outcomes of reviewed studies.And Using National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies to assessment the quality of the reviewed articles.These studies revealed biomechanical deviations in body stability,motion patterns,and gait modes during these three periods.Regarding research content,there are insufficient studies on certain critical biomechanical aspects,such as the kinetic parameters of the inner body,which are the most direct factors related to musculoskeletal problems.According to the National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies,a more comprehensive and explicit understanding of pregnancy biomechanics can be expected.展开更多
文摘This study aimed to examine the effects of open/ closed eyes and age difference on Center of Foot Pressure (COP) sway during stepping. The subjects were 87 healthy males aged 10 - 80 years. COP was measured 20 times when subjects stepped on two force plates (left and right) at a rate of 60 steps/min. The evaluation parameters selected were: total trace length, velocity, circumference, rectangular area,left-right width, and front-back width. The former four of these parameters were found to be significantly lower with eyes open than eyes closed in 80-year-old subjects, while the last parameter was significantly lower with eyes open in 10-year-old subjects. In 70- and 80-year-old subjects with eyes open, circumference was greater than that in 10- and 40 - 60-year-old subjects;their rectangular area was greater than that in 50- and 60-year-old subjects;and, their front-back width was greater than that in 10- and 30 - 60-year-old subjects. With eyes closed, circumference, rectangular area, left-right width, and front-back width in 80-year- old subjects, were greater than those in 10 - 70- year-old subjects. The front-back width during stepping with eyes closed was greater in 70- and 80-year-old subjects than in 30 - 50-year-old subjects. The Romberg quotient for all COP sway parameters revealed no significant age-related differences. From our findings, a difference in body sway was observed in 80-year-old subjects (with eyes open/closed) when compared with the other age groups. In addition, the extent of sway varied little among 80 year-old- subjects have greater body sway during stepping, particularly with eyes closed.
基金supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists(B)Project(Grant No.24700716)funded by the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology,Japan.
文摘Background:Combined knee valgus and tibial internal rotation(VL+IR)moments have been shown to stress the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)in several in vitro cadaveric studies.To utilize this knowledge for non-contact ACL injury prevention in sports,it is necessary to elucidate how the ground reaction force(GRF)acting point(center of pressure(CoP))in the stance foot produces combined knee VL+IR moments in risky maneuvers,such as cuttings.However,the effects of the GRF acting point on the development of the combined knee VL+IR moment in cutting are still unknown.Methods:We first established the deterministic mechanical condition that the CoP position relative to the tibial rotational axis differentiates the GRF vector’s directional probability for developing the combined knee VL+IR moment,and theoretically predicted that when the CoP is posterior to the tibial rotational axis,the GRF vector is more likely to produce the combined knee VL+IR moment than when the CoP is anterior to the tibial rotational axis.Then,we tested a stochastic aspect of our theory in a lab-controlled in vivo experiment.Fourteen females performed 60˚cutting under forefoot/rearfoot strike conditions(10 trials each).The positions of lower limb markers and GRF data were measured,and the knee moment due to GRF vector was calculated.The trials were divided into anterior-and posterior-CoP groups depending on the CoP position relative to the tibial rotational axis at each 10 ms interval from 0 to 100 ms after foot strike,and the occurrence rate of the combined knee VL+IR moment was compared between trial groups.Results:The posterior-CoP group showed significantly higher occurrence rates of the combined knee VL+IR moment(maximum of 82.8%)at every time point than those of the anterior-CoP trials,as theoretically predicted by the deterministic mechanical condition.Conclusion:The rearfoot strikes inducing the posterior CoP should be avoided to reduce the risk of non-contact ACL injury associated with the combined knee VL+IR stress.
文摘The expanded disability status scale (EDSS) is frequently used to classify the patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). We presented in this paper a novel method to automatically assess the EDSS score from posturologic data (center of pres-sure signals) using a decision tree. Two groups of participants (one for learning and the other for test) with EDSS rang-ing from 0 to 4.5 performed our balance experiment with eyes closed. Two linear measures (the length and the surface) and twelve non-linear measures (the recurrence rate, the Shannon entropy, the averaged diagonal line length and the trapping time for the position, the instantaneous velocity and the instantaneous acceleration of the center of pressure respectively) were calculated for all the participants. Several decision trees were constructed with learning data and tested with test data. By comparing clinical and estimated EDSS scores in the test group, we selected one decision tree with five measures which revealed a 75% of agreement. The results have signified that our tree model is able to auto-matically assess the EDSS scores and that it is possible to distinguish the EDSS scores by using linear and non-linear postural sway measures.
文摘目的从线性和非线性两个角度探究人体站立稳定调控策略。方法招募16名健康男性受试者,在平衡台完成30 s正常站立、闭眼站立以及在泡沫垫上睁眼和闭眼站立,通过时空参数、轨迹近似熵和小波变换分析不同干扰因素站立时足底压力中心(center of pressure,COP)轨迹的线性及非线性特征,采用视觉×本体感觉重复测量方差分析比较干扰情况下(视觉干扰、本体感觉干扰和视觉、本体感觉共同干扰)与正常站立情况下COP轨迹线性及非线性特征差异。结果在线性指标中,闭眼站立、不稳定站立和闭眼不稳定站立相比于正常站立时COP轨迹长度、轨迹速率和C90面积均增加(P<0.05),3种干扰方式下的C90偏角以及前后(anteroposterior,AP)、内外(mediolateral,ML)方向平均偏移量相比于正常站立无明显变化(P>0.05)。在非线性指标中,在ML和AP两个方向,闭眼站立、不稳定站立和闭眼不稳定站立相比于正常站立COP轨迹的近似熵差异均无差异(P>0.05);频域指标的ML方向,视觉干扰使中频、低频和次低3个频段的能量权重升高(P<0.05),超低频能量权重降低(P<0.05);本体感觉干扰时3个频段的能量权重相比于正常站立无差异(P>0.05);在视觉、本体感觉共同干扰时,中频、低频和次低频能量权重增加(P<0.05),超低频能量权重降低(P<0.05);在频域指标的AP方向,视觉干扰后相比于正常站立次低频能量下降(P<0.05)、超低频能量上升(P<0.05);本体感觉干扰和视觉、本体感觉共同干扰中频、低频和次低频能量权重均上升(P<0.05),超低频能量权重下降(P<0.05)。结论对于健康人群,站立时人体以较低频段的闭环控制机制为主导,外界信号输入受到干扰并不会改变站立COP轨迹的复杂性,其中视觉信息干扰对ML方向影响较为明显,本体感觉信息干扰对AP方向影响较为明显。站立受到干扰时,开环控制机制的较高频段能量权重增加,身体的晃动幅度和速度变大。
文摘目的探讨着鞋类型(裸足、普通鞋、极简鞋)与步行速度(快步走、常速行走)对膝关节生物力学指标的影响,为科学健身提供理论参考。方法采用Vicon三维运动捕捉系统、Kisler三维测力台同步采集10名男性在裸足、穿着不同鞋常速行走与快步走时下肢运动生物力学指标。采用双因素(2种行走方式×3种着鞋类型)重复测量方差分析对各指标进行统计分析。结果相对于快步走,常速行走时足底压力中心(center of pressure,COP)向外偏移较大,额状面膝关节力臂、膝关节内收外力矩和第1峰值负载率均较小,但额状面膝关节冲量矩较大;相对于穿着普通跑鞋,裸足或穿着极简鞋时,步幅变小,COP向外偏移较大,额状面膝关节力臂、膝关节内收外力矩、第1峰值负载率和额状面膝关节冲量矩较小。结论为降低额状面膝关节冲量矩以及峰值负载率,建议着极简鞋采用小步幅进行快步走锻炼。
文摘目的探究视觉反馈对人体静止直立姿态的镇定作用及其发生机制。方法考察12名青年志愿者在直立(对照)状态和直立并视觉反馈状态下足底压力中心(center of pressure,COP)的变化。利用布朗运动模型对比两种状态下COP轨迹的扩散系数、Hurst指数及临界点特性变化,并通过单因素重复测量方差分析检验其差异显著性。结果视觉反馈状态下:长期区间上,Hurst指数减小约1/2,扩散系数减小约2/3;短期区间上,Hurst指数与左右方向扩散系数均无显著变化;临界点均方位移仅在前后方向显著增大,时间间隔变化不显著。结论视觉反馈增强了人体姿态闭环控制,但对开环控制及开、闭环控制机制的切换特性影响不大;视觉反馈对人体姿态控制的作用表现出方向差异,前后方向上的视觉反馈作用比左右方向更为明显。
文摘目的通过不同工况下头部和腰部的加速度信号分析人体步态稳定性,与质心(center of mass,COM)-压力中心(center of pressure, COP)法进行对比,探讨应用可穿戴设备进行步态稳定性分析的可靠性。方法应用基于加速度信号的谐波比(harmonic ratio, HR)参数分析18名健康青年人在3种工况下(穿鞋自然行走、裸足自然行走、不同步速裸足行走)的行走稳定性,并与COM-COP法的评估结果比较。结果自然步速下步态最稳定,此时HR最大;裸足比穿鞋行走时HR显著减小(P<0.05),步态稳定性降低。该结果与COM-COP法分析结果一致。综合步速和穿鞋影响因素,基于加速度的HR参数与COM-COP法的步态稳定性评估结果呈显著负线性相关(R^2>0.50),其中腰部HR具有更显著的线性相关性(R^(2 )>0.60)。结论应用基于加速度信号的分析算法可以有效且可靠地评估人体步态稳定性,其中腰部加速度对步态稳定性更敏感。
文摘背景:足结构的异常影响着足部的缓冲、动力及储能作用,研究表明足结构和足功能的生物力学评价方法对区分无症状的异常足型具有一定参考价值。目的:探究足结构及足功能的生物力学指标并对其进行分类梳理。方法:以"足结构,足功能""足底压力,压力中心轨迹""足弓,足横弓""步态""Foot function""Center of pressure""Flatfoot""Arch index"等关键词,在中国知网、百度学术、百链学术、PudMed、SpringeLink、Nature等数据库检索1993年1月至2020年5月有关文献,结合足的力学特性,从静态和动态两个方面,构建足结构的测试方法,探究足功能的生物力学评价手段。结果与结论:在静态形态学方面,用踝翻转指数和踝关节刚度评价了踝关节的结构和功能;用后跟小腿角和内侧纵弓角评价了后跟的结构和功能;以弓高指数和弓高适应性评价足弓的功能;用脚趾适应性评价拇指在外力矩下的功能;结合足姿指数的评分体系,系统地评价了足静态功能。在动态运动学方面,以行进间的足弓指数、压力中心曲线的特征及足翻转指数完成了动态足功能评价。
基金the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong for funding this study under grant GRF 613607,the Sino Software Research Institute for funding the software development and the reviewers to help improve the paper
文摘Footwear have been evaluated mostly using commercially available products, while some researchers have used custom shoes. Hence, the understanding of the effects of various parameters of a shoe is quite limited. The footbed simulator invented in recent years allows a range of parameters to be studied in quiet standing. It can be used to evaluate perceived feel and center of pressure changes to changes in heel height, seat length, material, wedge angle and toe spring. This paper is meant to show the value of the footbed simulator in terms of research and the actual production of shoes. A study performed with two heel heights, three combinations of seat length and material and three wedge angles showed that the perceived feel is closely related to the center of pressure. The results also show the optimum footbed has a significantly different perceived feel. Thus, the footbed simulator is an ideal way to generate custom footwear designs.
基金This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11972315).
文摘During pregnancy,women experience substantial changes in physiology,morphology,and hormonal systems.These changes have profound effects on the biomechanics of the human body,particularly the musculoskeletal system,resulting in discomfort,pain,and decreased body stability.Sufficient biomechanical knowledge is critical for understanding the etiology and precautions of musculoskeletal disorders.With awareness of health problems in the pregnant cohort,identification,intervention,and precaution of problems have garnered attention.Researchers have conducted studies to determine the biomechanics of pregnancy.There have been review studies on summarization.However,to the best of our knowledge,few studies have comprehensively described biomechanical changes throughout pre-,in-,and postpartum periods.This review analyzed available studies on biomechanical changes during these three periods in the electronic databases of PubMed,Scopus,and Cochrane from inception until June 2,2021.Synthesized the general information,age of the studied subjects,investigated periods,sample size,objectives,measurement tools,and outcomes of reviewed studies.And Using National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies to assessment the quality of the reviewed articles.These studies revealed biomechanical deviations in body stability,motion patterns,and gait modes during these three periods.Regarding research content,there are insufficient studies on certain critical biomechanical aspects,such as the kinetic parameters of the inner body,which are the most direct factors related to musculoskeletal problems.According to the National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies,a more comprehensive and explicit understanding of pregnancy biomechanics can be expected.
