High mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system:regeneration hidden beneath inflammation

High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and neuroscience.High-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain injury.Several drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system disorders.Although it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system disorders.In this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory role.Research targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.

Evolution and prospect of China's rural development policy: A policy text analysis of the No.1 Central Documents

By combing 20 documents of the Central Committee on the historical evolution of rural development policies since 1982, we hold that historical evolution has undergone reforms, adjustments, modernization developments and new ideas, and the path of reform experienced economic recovery, industrial nurturing agriculture, agriculture modernization and rural revitalization. The study found that: farmers' income has always been the focus of attention; agricultural production has shifted from total demand to green ecology; urban and rural resource elements are not well-organized, resulting in internal contradictions. The implementation of the rural revitalization strategy is an important measure to fundamentally solve the rural development problems in the new era.

A novel mutation of SGK-1 gene in central serous chorioretinopathy

AIM: To investigate the association of serum glucocorticoid kinase gene-1(SGK-1) DNA variants with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy(CSC).METHODS: We enrolled 32 eyes of 32 patients who were diagnosed with chronic CSC and composed 32 normal eyes as a control group. Peripheral blood was used for DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction amplification. SGK1 gene was sequenced by using Big Dye Terminator v3.1 cycle sequencing Kit(Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). The SGK-1 gene and its variants were investigated in CSC patient group and control group.RESULTS: We identified a new polymorphism M32 V in two person in the patient group [Minor allele frequency(MAF) =0.009] on the region of 1-60 amino acids. The rs1057293 was located in the encoder region of the SGK- 1 gene but not associated with CSC(P =0.68). An intrinsic rs1743966 is also not associated(P =0.28).CONCLUSION: The new polymorphism M32 V is located on the region of 1-60 amino acids which is necessary for localization to the mitochondria in CSC patient. This mutation is probably important for the energy metabolism and plays an important role in the cellular response to hyperosmotic stress and other stress stimuli. Both rs1057293 and rs1743966 are not associated with CSC.

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 enhances discharge activity of cortical neurons

Transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1)has been extensively studied for its pleiotropic effects on central nervous system diseases.The neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects of TGF-β1 in specific brain areas may depend on the pathological process and cell types involved.Voltage-gated sodium channels(VGSCs)are essential ion channels for the generation of action potentials in neurons,and are involved in various neuroexcitation-related diseases.However,the effects of TGF-β1 on the functional properties of VGSCs and firing properties in cortical neurons remain unclear.In this study,we investigated the effects of TGF-β1 on VGSC function and firing properties in primary cortical neurons from mice.We found that TGF-β1 increased VGSC current density in a dose-and time-dependent manner,which was attributable to the upregulation of Nav1.3 expression.Increased VGSC current density and Nav1.3 expression were significantly abolished by preincubation with inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase(PD98059),p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(SB203580),and Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1/2 inhibitor(SP600125).Interestingly,TGF-β1 significantly increased the firing threshold of action potentials but did not change their firing rate in cortical neurons.These findings suggest that TGF-β1 can increase Nav1.3 expression through activation of the ERK1/2-JNK-MAPK pathway,which leads to a decrease in the firing threshold of action potentials in cortical neurons under pathological conditions.Thus,this contributes to the occurrence and progression of neuroexcitatory-related diseases of the central nervous system.

Efficacy of 1/3-Dose Verteporfin Photodynamic Therapy for Subacute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

Purpose: To study the safety and efficacy of 1/3-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT) for subacute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods: In this case series, 59 eyes (59 patients) diagnosed with subacute CSC in Shenyang the 4th hospital from January 2014 to December 2015 were treated with 1/3-dose verteporfin PDT and followed up for at least 1 year. The symptoms and the diagnosed history were more than 3 months but shorter than 6 months. The central foveal thickness (CFT), neuroretinal thickness (NRT), height of subfoveal retinal fluid (SRF), and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) were observed at baseline and after treated at 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months with EDI-OCT, Best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA) was also studied at the same time. Results: After 1, 2, 3 and 6 months of 1/3-dose verteporfin PDT treatment, the BCVA improved significantly (P 0.05). The height of SRF changed significantly. There was no retinal pigment epithelium atrophy and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in all cases after more than 12 months follow-up. Conclusion: Treatment of 1/3 dose verteporfin PDT could safely and effectively reduce expansion of choroidal vessel and choroidal choriocapillary, promoting absorbance of subretinal fluid for subacute CSC. 1/3-dose verteporfin PDT may be an alternative method to treat the subacute CSC.

康柏西普联合卵磷脂络合碘治疗视网膜中央静脉阻塞的效果及对视力、VEGF、NO和ET-1水平的影响

目的探究治疗视网膜中央静脉阻塞(central retinal vein occlusion,CRVO)行玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普联合卵磷脂络合碘的临床疗效,以及对视力、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)、内皮素-1(endothelin-1,ET-1)的影响。方法选取2017年1月~2019年7月于我院治疗的视网膜中央静脉阻塞患者94例,并随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各47例。对照组行玻璃体腔注射康柏西普眼用注射液,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上口服卵磷脂络合碘胶囊。比较两组患者临床疗效,疾病相关指标眼压(intraocular pressure,IOP)、最佳矫正视力(Best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(central macular thickness,CMT)水平和血清相关因子VEGF、NO、ET-1水平。结果观察组治疗总有效率为95.24%,明显高于对照组的80.95%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后IOP、BCVA、CMT水平与治疗前比较明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗后IOP、BCVA、CMT水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后VEGF、NO、ET-1水平水平与治疗前比较明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后VEGF、NO、ET-1水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论治疗视网膜中央静脉阻塞时,采用玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普联合卵磷脂络合碘临床疗效更优,显著提高患者视力,改善机体细胞因子水平。具有临床上推广应用价值。

康柏西普联合卵磷脂络合碘治疗视网膜中央静脉阻塞的效果及对视力、VEGF、NO和ET-1水平的影响

目的探究治疗视网膜中央静脉阻塞(central retinal vein occlusion,CRVO)行玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普联合卵磷脂络合碘的临床疗效,以及对视力、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)、内皮素-1(endothelin-1,ET-1)的影响。方法选取2017年1月~2019年7月于我院治疗的视网膜中央静脉阻塞患者94例,并随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各47例。对照组行玻璃体腔注射康柏西普眼用注射液,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上口服卵磷脂络合碘胶囊。比较两组患者临床疗效,疾病相关指标眼压(intraocular pressure,IOP)、最佳矫正视力(Best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(central macular thickness,CMT)水平和血清相关因子VEGF、NO、ET-1水平。结果观察组治疗总有效率为95.24%,明显高于对照组的80.95%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后IOP、BCVA、CMT水平与治疗前比较明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗后IOP、BCVA、CMT水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后VEGF、NO、ET-1水平与治疗前比较明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后VEGF、NO、ET-1水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论治疗视网膜中央静脉阻塞时,采用玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普联合卵磷脂络合碘临床疗效更优,显著提高患者视力,改善机体细胞因子水平。具有临床上推广应用价值。

青年大学生血清ET-1和NO水平与中心动脉收缩压和外周血压的关系

目的 探讨青年大学生高血压患者血清ET-1、NO水平与中心动脉收缩压、外周血压及相关因素的关系.方法 分别测量青年高血压患者172冽（男性151例,女性21例）及正常对照组198例（男性160例,女性38例）的收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、中心动脉收缩压（CSBP）,测定血清ET-1、NO、血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯、肌酐和尿素氮浓度,比较两组中心动脉收缩压水平和ET-1、NO浓度,分析ET-1和NO与外周血压、中心动脉收缩压及相关因素的相关性.结果 ①高血压组患者中心动脉收缩压水平为（124.660±8.032）mm Hg,显著高于对照组的（103.940±8.865）mm Hg.②血清ET-1水平高血压组为（145.66±44.07）pg/ml,显著高于对照组的（114.07±16.65）pg/ml（P＜0.05）;血清NO水平浓度高血压组为（57.92±28.59） μmol/L,显著低于对照组的（87.13±17.55）μmol/L（P＜0.05）.③血清ET-1与SBP、DBP、CSBP呈正相关;血清NO与SBP、DBP、CSBP呈负相关.④血清ET-1与血糖、BMI呈正相关性,与NO呈负相关;血清NO与血糖、甘油三酯、胆固醇、BMI、ET-1呈负相关性.结论 ①血清中ET-1及NO的含量改变可能参与青年大学生高血压的发生.②ET-1水平增高、NO水平下降及CSBP水平升高提示青年高血压患者动脉弹性减退、内皮功能下降.③青年高血压患者动脉弹性的减退与血糖、血脂、BMI水平密切相关.

熟地黄对雌性中枢性性早熟大鼠下丘脑-垂体-IGF-1轴影响的实验研究

目的 探讨熟地黄对雌性中枢性性早熟(CPP)大鼠的治疗作用,并阐明其可能的作用机制。方法 将48只SPF级雌性28日龄SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、阳性对照(亮丙瑞林100μg/kg)组和熟地黄低、中、高剂量(0.8、1.6、3.2 g/kg)组,每组8只。采用N-甲基-DL-天冬氨酸(NMA)法建立CPP大鼠模型,造模期间同时给予亮丙瑞林或不同剂量熟地黄干预,每天1次;记录大鼠阴道开口时间及首个动情间期时间;HE染色检测大鼠子宫内膜厚度及卵巢黄体个数;ELISA检测大鼠血清中促黄体生成激素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、雌二醇(E2)水平;Western blot检测大鼠下丘脑中性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)及生长激素(GH)蛋白表达水平。结果 与正常组比较,模型组大鼠阴道开口及首个动情间期时间明显提前(均P<0.05);子宫壁厚度和卵巢黄体数显著增加,同时血清中LH、FSH、E2水平以及下丘脑组织中GnRH、IGF-1、IGFBP-3、GH蛋白表达水平显著升高(均P<0.05)。与模型组比较,阳性对照组及熟地黄各剂量组大鼠阴道开口时间及首个动情间期时间明显较长(均P<0.05);子宫壁厚度和卵巢黄体数显著减少,同时血清中LH、FSH、E2水平以及下丘脑组织中GnRH、IGF-1、IGFBP-3、GH蛋白表达水平显著降低(均P<0.05)。结论 熟地黄可降低CPP大鼠机体生长激素水平,抑制性早熟表现,其机制可能与延缓下丘脑-垂体-IGF-1轴启动有关。

NOD样受体蛋白1炎性小体在创伤性中枢神经损伤中的作用

NOD样受体蛋白1(NOD-like receptor protein 1,NLRP1)炎性小体在人体固有免疫反应中发挥着重要作用,可促进半胱氨酸蛋白水解酶(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinases,Caspases)的活化,进一步激活白介素-18和白介素-1β,同时介导细胞焦亡,NLRP1炎性小体在创伤性中枢神经损伤中发挥着作用,本文就NLRP1炎性小体的结构、NLRP1炎性小体在创伤性中枢神经损伤中的激活以及以NLRP1炎性小体为靶点的治疗等方面进行了综述。

转导蛋白β样1X基因与迟发性感音神经性耳聋

目前的研究表明,人源转导蛋白β样1X(transducin beta like 1 X-linked,TBL1X)基因与多种疾病的发生密切相关,还参与了迟发性感音神经性耳聋的发生,我们回顾国内外的相关文献,就该基因与迟发性感音神经性耳聋的相关研究做一综述。

Pathologic features and clinical outcome of central neurocytoma:analysis of 15 cases

Objective： To get better recognition of central neurocytoma and diminish misdiagnosis. Methods： A retrospective review identified 15 cases of central neurocytoma. All cases of central neurocytoma were analyzed for their clinical symptoms, pathologic changes, immunohistochemical staining, prognosis and differential diagnosis. Clinical follow up was performed. Results： There were 8 males and 7 females aged 10-64 years （median 32.93 years）. The most common presenting symptoms were those related to increased intracranial pressure （ICP）, including headache （100%）, papilledema （93 %） and vomiting （80%）. All tumors were located in the ventricular system. The tumors were composed of uniform cells with round nuclei and a fine chromatin pattern, and in some areas, small cells with perinuclear halo could be seen. In particular, the anuclear areas may have a fine fibrillary matrix （neuropil）. Nuclear atypia and vascular proliferation appeared in two cases, respectively. Focal necrosis could be seen in one case. Immunohistochemical findings included expression of synaptophysin （15/15）, neuron specific enolase （12/15） and glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） （3/15）. MIB-1 proliferation index ranged from 0.8- 12.5%, and was more than 2% in 3 of 15 cases assessed. Follow-up information of 11 patients was available. Conclusions： Central neurocytoma has a favorable prognosis in general, but in some cases, the clinical course could be aggressive. Increase of GFAP positivity, proliferation index and vascular proliferation might suggest a more malignant process.

Mitotic phosphorylation of PRC1 at Thr470 is required for PRC1 oligomerization and proper central spindle organization

During cell division, chromosome segregation is orchestrated by the interaction of spindle microtubules with the centromere. A dramatic remodeling of interpolar microtubules into an organized central spindle between the separating chromatids is required for the initiation and execution ofcytokinesis. Central spindle organization requires mitotic kinesins, the chromosomal passenger protein complex, and microtubule bundling protein PRC 1. PRC 1 is phosphorylated by Cdc2 at Thr470 and Thr481 during mitosis. However, the functional relevance of PRC 1 phosphorylation at Thr470 has remained elusive. Here we show that expression of the non-phosphorylatable mutant PRC 1T470A but not the phospho-mimicking mutant PRC 1^T470E causes aberrant organization of the central spindle. Immunoprecipitation experiment indicates that both PRC 1^T470A and PRC 1^T470E mutant proteins associate with wild-type PRC 1, suggesting that phosphorylation of Thr470 does not alter PRC 1 self-association. In addition, in vitro co-sedimentation experiment showed that PRC 1 binds to microtubule independent of the phosphorylation state of Thr470. Gel-filtration experiment suggested that phosphorylation of Thr470 promotes oligomerization of PRC 1. Given the fact that prevention of the Thr470 phosphorylation inhibits PRC 1 oligomerization in vitro and causes an aberrant organization of central spindle in vivo, we propose that this phosphorylation-dependent PRC 1 oligomerization ensures that central spindle assembly occurs at the appropriate time in the cell cycle.

经钻孔引流术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿患者血清TSP1、TSP2、bFGF、VEGF、S-100β水平变化及其临床意义

目的探讨经钻孔引流术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿患者血清血小板反应蛋白1(TSP1)、血小板反应蛋白2(TSP2)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、中枢神经特异蛋白(S-100β)水平变化及其临床意义。方法选取江苏省中医院2019年1月~2023年6月收治的慢性硬膜下血肿患者142例作为病例组,均进行钻孔引流术;另选取同期健康体检人员146例作为健康对照组,比较两组不同脑损伤、手术前后、不同复发情况的血清TSP1、TSP2、bFGF、VEGF、S-100β水平,分析血清TSP1、TSP2、bFGF、VEGF、S-100β水平与慢性硬膜下血肿患者脑损伤程度的相关性。结果与健康对照组比较,病例组血清TSP1、TSP2、bFGF、VEGF、S-100β水平均相对更高;与轻度脑损伤组进行比较,中度脑损伤组、重度脑损伤组血清TSP1、TSP2、bFGF、VEGF、S-100β水平均相对更高,且重度脑损伤组高于中度脑损伤组;与术前进行比较,术后7 d慢性硬膜下血肿患者血清TSP1、TSP2、bFGF、VEGF、S-100β水平均相对较低;与复发组进行比较,未复发组血清TSP1、TSP2、bFGF、VEGF、S-100β水平均相对较低(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,慢性硬膜下血肿患者血清TSP1、TSP2、bFGF、VEGF、S-100β水平与GCS评分均呈负相关关系(r=-0.655、-0.674、-0.711、-0.689、-0.705,P<0.05)。结论慢性硬膜下血肿患者经钻孔引流术后血清TSP1、TSP2、bFGF、VEGF、S-100β水平均降低,并与患者脑损伤程度、转归具有高度相关性,临床上可通过检测慢性硬膜下血肿患者上述各项血清学指标的变化情况,以便及时判断慢性硬膜下血肿患者的脑损伤程度。

Transfer kinetics of phenol between aqueous phase and N,N-di(1-methyl-heptyl) acetamide in kerosene

The transfer kinetics of phenol between aqueous phase and N,N di(methyl heptyl) acetaminde (N503) in kerosene has been studied using Lewis cell technique. The effects of the factors including the concentrations of phenol in aqueous phase and organic phase, the concentration of N503 in organic phase, the acidity of aqueous phase, the stirring speed and the temperature on the rates of forward and backward extraction of phenol have been examined. The regularity of extraction rate has been obtained. According to experimental results, the rates of both forward and backward extraction of phenol might be controlled by diffusion process. The diffusion step of phenol from aqueous phase to interface for forward extraction and from interface to aqueous phase for backward extraction might be the rate controlling steps.

Neuropathy optic glaucomatosa induced by systemic hypertension through activation endothelin-1 signaling pathway in central retinal artery in rats

AIM： To evaluate effect of hypertension on retinal ganglion cell（RGC） apoptosis, intraocular pressure（IOP）,and the activation of endothelin-1（ET-1） signaling pathway in central retinal artery（CRA） in rats.METHODS： The experimental study was performed on20 male Sprague Dawley rats that were divided into control group, and hypertension groups. The hypertension was induced by subcutaneous deoxycorticoacetate（DOCA）10 mg/kg twice a week and administered 0.9% Na Cl solution daily for 2, 6, and 10 wk. Blood pressure（BP） was measured using animal BP analyzer. IOP was measured by handheld tonometry. Retinal tissue preparations by paraffin blocks were made after enucleation. The expression of ET-1, e NOS, ET-1 receptor A（ETRA）, ET-1receptor B（ETRB）, and phosphorylated myosin light chain kinase（MLCK）, and caldesmon（Ca D） in CRA and RGC apoptosis were evaluated through immunofluorescent staining method then observed using laser scanning confocal microscopy. RESULTS： BP significantly increased in all of the hypertension groups compared to control（P =0.001）.Peak IOP elevation（7.78±4.14 mm Hg） and RGC apoptosis（576.15±33.28 Au） occurred on 2wk of hypertension. ET-1expression（1238.6±55.1 Au） and e NOS expression（2814.2±70.7 Au） were found highest in 2wk of hypertension,although the ratio of ET-1/e NOS decreased since 2wk.ETRAreached peak expression in 10 wk of hypertension（1219.4 ±6.3 Au）, while ETRBsignificantly increased only in 2 weeks group（1069.2 ±9.6 Au）. The highest MLCK expression（1190.09±58.32 Au）, Ca D（1670.28±18.36 Au）were also found in 2wk of hypertension.CONCLUSION： Hypertension effects to activation of ET-1 signaling pathway significantly in CRA, elevation of IOP, and RGC apoptosis. The highest value was achieved at 2wk, which is the development phase of hypertension.

High-intensity swimming alleviates nociception and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of chronic postischemia pain by activating the resolvin E1-chemerin receptor 23 axis in the spinal cord

Physical exe rcise effectively alleviates chronic pain associated with complex regional pain syndrome type-Ⅰ.However,the mechanism of exe rcise-induced analgesia has not been clarified.Recent studies have shown that the specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator resolvin E1 promotes relief of pathologic pain by binding to chemerin receptor 23 in the nervous system.However,whether the resolvin E1-chemerin receptor 23 axis is involved in exercise-induced analgesia in complex regional pain syndrome type-Ⅰ has not been demonstrated.In the present study,a mouse model of chronic post-ischemia pain was established to mimic complex regional pain syndrome type-Ⅰ and subjected to an intervention involving swimming at different intensities.Chronic pain was reduced only in mice that engaged in high-intensity swimming.The resolvin E1-chemerin receptor 23 axis was clearly downregulated in the spinal cord of mice with chronic pain,while high-intensity swimming restored expression of resolvin E1 and chemerin receptor 23.Finally,shRNA-mediated silencing of chemerin receptor 23in the spinal cord reve rsed the analgesic effect of high-intensity swimming exercise on chronic post-ischemic pain and the anti-inflammato ry pola rization of microglia in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.These findings suggest that high-intensity swimming can decrease chronic pain via the endogenous resolvin E1-chemerin receptor 23 axis in the spinal cord.

The necessary role of mTORC1 in central nervous system axon regeneration

Permanent loss of vital functions after central nervous system （CNS） injury, e.g., blindness in traumatic optic nerve （ON） injury or paralysis in spinal cord injury, occurs in part because axons in the adult mammalian CNS do not regenerate after injury. Growth failure is due to the diminished intrinsic regenerative capacity of mature neurons and the inhibitory environment of the adult CNS. Neutralizing extracellular inhibitory molecules genetically or pharmacologically yields only limited regeneration and functional recovery, highlighting the critical importance of neuron-intrinsic factors.

The role of microtubule-associated protein 1B in axonal growth and neuronal migration in the central nervous system

In this review, we discuss the role of microtubule-associated protein 1 B （MAP1B） and its phosphorylation in axonal development and regeneration in the central nervous system. MAP1B exhibits similar functions during axonal development and regeneration. MAP1B and phosphorylated MAPIB in neurons and axons maintain a dynamic balance between cytoskeletal components, and regulate the stability and interaction of microtubules and actin to promote axonal growth, neural connectivity and regeneration in the central nervous system.

Expressions of ICAM-1 and its mRNA in sera and tissues of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

INTRODUCTIONThe increased expression of ICAM-1 on a widerange of cells and in the sera of patients withmalignancies, chronic liver diseases andinflammation diseases has been described since thelate 1980s[1-22]. Recently rapid progress in studieson expression of ICAM-1 in patients withhepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) have beenachieved, including clinical and experimentalresearches[23-31].