Multiplex Rapid Test with Acceptable Diagnosis Performance as a Solution to Increase Diagnosis of Hepatitis B and C Viruses in Pregnant Women in an Area of High Prevalence of Both Hepatitis Viruses Associated with HIV

Background and Objective: HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are very widespread in the world, however, less than 20% of the people affected are diagnosed and treated. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV, HCV and HBV co-infections in pregnant women at Bangui Community University Hospital and the cost of screening. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving consenting pregnant women who came for antenatal care was performed. HIV, HCV antibodies and HBV antigens were detected using Exacto Triplex? HIV/HCV/HBsAg rapid test, cross-validated by ELISA tests. Sociodemographic and professional data, the modes of transmission and prevention of HIV and both hepatitis viruses were collected in a standard sheet and analyzed using the Epi-Info software version 7. Results: Pregnant women aged 15 to 24 were the most affected (45.3%);high school girls (46.0%), and pregnant women living in cohabitation (65.3%) were the most represented. Twenty-five (16.7%) worked in the formal sector, 12.7% were unemployed housewives and the remainder in the informal sector. The prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV viruses was 11.8%, 21.9% and 22.2%, respectively. The prevalence of co-infections was 8.6% for HIV-HBV, 10.2% for HIV-HCV, 14.7% for HBV-HCV and 6.5% for HIV-HBV-HCV. All positive results and 10% of negative results by the rapid test were confirmed by ELISA tests. The serology of the three viruses costs 39,000 FCFA (60 Euros) by ELISA compared to 10,000 FCFA (15.00 Euros) with Exacto Triplex? HIV/HCV/AgHBs (BioSynex, Strasbourg, France). Conclusion: The low level of education and awareness of hepatitis are barriers to development and indicate the importance of improving the literacy rate of women in the Central African Republic (CAR). Likewise, the high prevalence of the three viruses shows the need for the urgent establishment of a national program to combat viral hepatitis in the CAR.

Correlation between self-reported recovery and central sensitization in whiplash patients

Central sensitization has been associated with chronic pain in whiplash patients.Methods:Consecutive whiplash patients were assessed at 3 months post-whiplash injury with the brachial plexus provocation test(BPPT)as a sign of central sensitization.Self-reported recovery was assessed by the response to the question ‘Do you feel you have recovered fully from your accident injuries?'Results:Sixty-nine subjects(32 males,37 females,age 37.5±13.0 years(mean±SD),range 18-71)were included.Of these,34 reported a lack of recovery,and 35 reported recovery at 3 months post-injury.The mean BPPT elbow extension(from 180°)was 41.5±23.0°,and the mean VAS score for the BPPT was 2.2 ± 1.2(out of 10).Those who reported recovery had a mean BPPT elbow extension angle of 25.1±15.8 while those who did not report recovery had a mean BPPT angle of 58.4 ± 15.9(P＜0.05).The visual analogue scale(VAS)score for recovered subjects was 1.8 ± 1.1 and 2.7 ± 1.1(P＜0.05)for non-recovered.There was a moderate correlation between self-reported recovery and BPPT elbow extension angle(-0.44)and a lower correlation between self-reported recovery and VAS score(-0.30).Conclusion:Self-reported recovery correlates well with a lower likelihood of signs of central sensitization.Copyright(c)2012,Shanghai University of Sport.Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.

The Permutation Test as an Ancillary Procedure for Comparing Zero-Inflated Continuous Distributions

Empirical estimates of power and Type I error can be misleading if a statistical test does not perform at the stated rejection level under the null hypothesis. We employed the permutation test to control the empirical type I errors for zero-inflated exponential distributions. The simulation results indicated that the permutation test can be used effectively to control the type I errors near the nominal level even the sample sizes are small based on four statistical tests. Our results attest to the permutation test being a valuable adjunct to the current statistical methods for comparing distributions with underlying zero-inflated data structures.

Amphibian and reptilian distribution patterns in the transitional zone between the Euro-Siberian and Central Asia Subrealms

There exist some controversies over the larger zoogeographic divisions of the arid areas of Central Asia, whose characteristics include complex ecological environments, complex fauna origins and unique patterns of animal distribution. The aim of this study was to determine, using quantitative analysis, the distribution patterns of amphibians and reptiles in the arid areas of Central Asia, whose various physiographical regions were divided into 17 Operative Geographical Units （OGUs）. Based on the presence or absence of 52 amphibian and reptile genera in the 17 OGUs, and by making use of the Czekanowski Similarity Index, the Baroni-Urbani and Buser＇s Similarity Index, and the strong and weak boundary test, we studied the biotic boundaries within these contested regions. In accordance with our results, the classification dendrogram was divided into two main branches. One branch is composed of the northern OGUs of the Altai Mountains which are a part of the Euro-Siberian Subrealm. The other branch includes all of the OGUs south of the Altai Mountains, which belong to the Central Asia Subrealm. There is a significantly weak biotic boundary （DW〉0, GW〉GS, P〈0.01） between the Euro-Siberian Subrealm and the Central Asia Subrealm that corre- sponded to the transitional zones. The boundary between the two subrealms runs along the Altai Mountains, the Sayan Mountains, the Hangai Mountains and the Mongolian Dagurr Mountains. The boundaries between the main branches in the Central Asia Subrealm are weak, reflecting the widespread existence of transitional zones in the arid areas of Central Asia. The Tianshan Mountains should be elevated to form its own separate region, ＂the Middle Asian Mountain Region＂, which, due to its special fauna and environment, would be classified at the same level as the Mongolia-Xinjiang Region. With the approach of creating a cluster analysis dendogram based upon the genera of amphibians and reptiles, the relationship of these higher level zoogeographical divisions was successfully resolved and the error of long-branch attraction was also avoided. With our clustering dendrogram as the foundation, the in- dependence test was applied to strong and weak boundaries, and this resolved the problem of where to attribute the transition areas and revealed as well the barrier effect that physical, geographic boundaries have upon amphibians and reptiles. The approach of combining genera clustering analysis with a statistical boundary test should be applicable not only to the distribution patterns of other animal groups, but also to delineating large-scale zoogeographical divisions.

重点工程建设单位中心实验室的作用与实施技术方案

四川岷江龙溪口航电枢纽工程是水运重点工程,2021年获批为交通部“平安百年品质工程”,由此对工程的质量标准提出了更高的要求。如何保障工程的高质量建设,更好的监督管控参建单位的施工质量,建立建设单位的中心实验室是必然举措。阐述了四川大型航电枢纽工程第一个建设单位中心实验室发挥的作用和采用全过程质量管理体系的实施技术方案,展望了向智能试验检测的转变,建议以“中西医结合、优势互补”的手段为工程建设的全过程健康保驾护航。相关理念为后续岷江航电枢纽工程以及其他水运重点工程的中心实验室建设提供借鉴。

沙漠砂混凝土与钢筋黏结性能试验研究

在我国西部沙漠砂资源丰富的背景下,探究沙漠砂对钢筋与混凝土黏结性能的影响,制作中心拉拔试验,通过对不同沙漠砂取代率和不同粉煤灰掺量下的钢筋与混凝土的黏结强度进行试验研究。根据黏结滑移曲线,分析沙漠砂取代率和粉煤灰掺量对钢筋和混凝土黏结强度、极限位移、破坏模式的影响。研究结果表明:直径16 mm钢筋混凝土试件在锚固长度较短导致脆性劈裂破坏的情况下,钢筋与混凝土的黏结强度随沙漠砂取代率的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势;粉煤灰掺量为20%时,对两者的黏结强度提升最大。

Effect of the W-beam central guardrails on wind-blown sand deposition on desert expressways in sandy regions

Many desert expressways are affected by the deposition of the wind-blown sand,which might block the movement of vehicles or cause accidents.W-beam central guardrails,which are used to improve the safety of desert expressways,are thought to influence the deposition of the wind-blown sand,but this has yet not to be studied adequately.To address this issue,we conducted a wind tunnel test to simulate and explore how the W-beam central guardrails affect the airflow,the wind-blown sand flux and the deposition of the wind-blown sand on desert expressways in sandy regions.The subgrade model is 3.5 cm high and 80.0 cm wide,with a bank slope ratio of 1:3.The W-beam central guardrails model is 3.7 cm high,which included a 1.4-cm-high W-beam and a 2.3-cm-high stand column.The wind velocity was measured by using pitot-static tubes placed at nine different heights(1,2,3,5,7,10,15,30 and 50 cm)above the floor of the chamber.The vertical distribution of the wind-blown sand flux in the wind tunnel was measured by using the sand sampler,which was sectioned into 20 intervals.In addition,we measured the wind-blown sand flux in the field at K50 of the Bachu-Shache desert expressway in the Taklimakan Desert on 11 May 2016,by using a customized 78-cm-high gradient sand sampler for the sand flux structure test.Obstruction by the subgrade leads to the formation of two weak wind zones located at the foot of the windward slope and at the leeward slope of the subgrade,and the wind velocity on the leeward side weakens significantly.The W-beam central guardrails decrease the leeward wind velocity,whereas the velocity increases through the bottom gaps and over the top of the W-beam central guardrails.The vertical distribution of the wind-blown sand flux measured by wind tunnel follows neither a power-law nor an exponential function when affected by either the subgrade or the W-beam central guardrails.At 0.0H and 0.5H(where H=3.5 cm,which is the height of the subgrade),the sand transport is less at the 3 cm height from the subgrade surface than at the 1 and 5 cm heights as a result of obstruction by the W-beam central guardrails,and the maximum sand transportation occurs at the 5 cm height affected by the subgrade surface.The average saltation height in the presence of the W-beam central guardrails is greater than the subgrade height.The field test shows that the sand deposits on the overtaking lane leeward of the W-beam central guardrails and that the thickness of the deposited sand is determined by the difference in the sand mass transported between the inlet and outlet points,which is consistent with the position of the minimum wind velocity in the wind tunnel test.The results of this study could help us to understand the hazards of the wind-blown sand onto subgrade with the W-beam central guardrails.

基于混合现实技术的船舶机舱集中操控试验装置设计与实现

文章提出一种基于混合现实(MR)的船舶机舱设备集中操控试验装置和管控方法,即时收集船舶机舱内数据,针对收集的数据建立数学模型,模拟舱内三维场景,从而对舱内设备实施控制。研究了基于MR的船舶机舱设备集中操控系统设计方案和方法,应用Faster R-CNN目标检测网络深度学习的船舶机舱设备状态指示识别框架与算法。从MR机舱设备集中操控流程、构建机舱三维模型及其优化、集中操控方法及其实操训练等环节的迭代研发,完成了MR机舱设备集中操控功能的测试验证。将混合现实技术应用于轮机设备操作、机舱资源管理等实践实训教学中,增强了船舱空间分析和可视化的交互效果。

开口断面钢-混结合梁悬索桥颤振特性及颤振形态研究

为准确评估开口断面双边箱钢-混结合梁悬索桥颤振性能和多模态参与效应,以典型的钢-混结合梁悬索桥——怀化洞庭溪沅水特大桥为背景,开展风洞模型试验及数值分析。制作加劲梁节段缩尺模型并进行风洞试验,测试原桥梁结构的颤振性能,分析调整阻尼比、采用气动措施及结构措施对结构颤振特性的影响,采用三维和二维两种颤振分析方法分析设置中央扣结构的颤振模态及多模态参与效应。结果表明:该钢-混结合梁悬索桥存在较明显的颤振起振点,且颤振是以扭转为主的弯扭耦合振动,同时其扭转和竖向振动存在较大的相位差(相差近180°);节段模型风洞试验与三维和二维颤振分析一致得到设置中央扣后,频率较高的正对称扭转模态先于反对称模态发生颤振,且三维与二维颤振分析结果相差不大。

基于成本分析的四川省血液集中化检测的研究

目的随着输血技术的进步和发展,我国采供血机构存在血液检测模式比较分散,效率低,成本高的问题。集中化检测模式不仅能有效提高血液检测质量,还能从人工、设备等各方面节约成本。因此,本文依据四川省血液检测相关数据,综合考虑了血液检测的运输成本、检测成本和中心运营成本,研究了血液检测的最小成本模型。方法以血液检测年成本为目标函数,以标本处理能力、标本分配、运输和中心建设的逻辑关系、运输决策与运输量的一致性为约束条件建立混合整数规划模型。以四川省为例进行实证分析,通过访谈及调研形式收集数据,为满足模型需求对分段式数据做线性处理及调整,通过python编码及优化库进行模型运算并验证最优方案。结果建立了适合我国的集中检测实验室数量和选址的混合整数规划模型。在四川省的实证分析中,收集到模型所需数据,并对分段式数据做了线性处理。本研究通过详细的成本分析计算得出,最经济的方案为:以成都和遂宁为基点建立集中检测实验室;最不经济的方案为21个血站独立检测。与最不经济方案比较,最经济方案可节省29.433%的成本。为确保该结果的可靠性,我们对上述结果执行了多轮验证,进一步的分析揭示,相较于最优解,在成都和巴中构建检测中心的方案为次优选择,与最不经济方案比较,该方案可节省29.431%的成本。结论本文构建了集中检测实验室数量和选址的混合整数规划模型,首次从成本角度,为我国区域化血液集中检测的选址问题提供了决策依据,并对四川省进行了实证分析,求解了成本最低方案。

Assessment of Hydraulic Parameters and Protection Zones of Catchment Aquifers for Water Supply Network in NdéDivision, West-Cameroon (Central Africa)

Ndé Division in West-Cameroon is facing with water supply although many attempts of restoring existing SCANWATER facilities by Bangangté Municipality. In order to address the issue, we assess the exploitable pumping flow rate of catchment aquifers and its hydraulic properties by using Jacob and Theis method, and define protection zones with Hoffman and Lillich method. It emerges that the hydraulic conductivity of aquifer is in the order of 10-4 m/sec, transmissivity varies from 10-4 to 10-6 m2/sec. Aquifer pumping flow rate (Q) varies between 1.5 and 10.5 m3/h. In volcanic rocks, aquifer is more productive (4.5 ≤ Q ≤ 10.5 m3/h). Transfer time of pollutants to aquifer varies from 3 to 56 days depending on rock-types and groundwater slope (0.03 - 0.13 m/m). Furthermore, 113,624 m and 1123 m are radius to be implemented for a better protection of groundwater against any form of pollutant.

集中配筋连接预制剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

针对现有预制混凝土剪力墙接缝施工容错率低、混凝土现场浇筑作业量大和钢筋锚固过长等不足,提出一种使用超高性能混凝土(UHPC)的集中配筋连接预制剪力墙。通过对比1片现浇剪力墙试件、3片不同接缝形式的集中配筋连接预制剪力墙试件的拟静力试验结果,揭示该类预制剪力墙的破坏规律和抗震性能、竖缝对墙体抗震性能的影响和连接钢筋的受力特点。采用ABAQUS软件对试件进行有限元模拟,分析轴压比和集中配筋率对试件抗震性能的影响。研究结果表明:预制试件与现浇试件具有相同的破坏规律,均为弯剪破坏;这2类试件的滞回曲线均较饱满,骨架曲线走势基本一致,耗能能力接近,且预制试件的最小承载力仅比现浇试件低5.6%,表明预制试件的抗震性能与现浇试件的抗震性能基本相同;竖缝对剪力墙承载力的影响较小,使剪力墙的延性和耗能能力有一定的削弱;不同竖缝形式预制墙的抗震性能相近但各有特点,竖缝形式预制墙采用UHPC出筋搭接具有更好的整体性,采用U形键槽的预制墙具有更大的刚度和更强的耗能能力;连接钢筋的应力分布具有典型受弯构件的特征;随着轴压比增加,模型的刚度和承载力不断增加,在轴压比从0.05增加到0.30时,最大的峰值荷载增幅发生在轴压比从0.05到0.10时,从承载力的提高、刚度、耗能和墙角抬高等方面考虑,试件的集中配筋率保持在90%~110%为宜。

分体箱梁中央隔涡板涡激振动抑制机理研究

借助风洞试验和计算流体力学对分体钢箱梁的涡激振动性能及中央隔涡板的抑振效果与机理开展研究,对比不同形式(水平隔涡板、一道竖向隔涡板、两道竖向隔涡板)和尺寸中央隔涡板的抑振效果,并根据流迹与速度云图对不同形式中央隔涡板的抑振机理进行分析。结果表明:开槽顶部水平隔涡板能够阻碍开槽处的气体对流,降低开槽内部及断面周围气流速度,增加旋涡移动和脱落难度,从而在一定程度上抑制涡激振动,抑振效果随隔涡板宽度增大而增加;开槽内部竖向隔涡板能够将旋涡稳定在隔板分隔出的几个小区域内,避免产生稳定的旋涡脱落,进而有效抑制涡激振动,设置两道半高竖向隔涡板比设置一道全高竖向隔涡板效果更好,但需对两板间距进行优化。

生物制品非临床研究中的安全药理学考虑

目的:通过分析2013-2023年FDA批准上市的生物制品信息,结合实践经验,从生物制品的安全药理学研究的必要性、可行性及试验设计等方面提供一些建议,为其进入临床试验提供支持。方法:本文汇总了2013-2023年期间FDA批准的133个生物制品许可申请,包括非临床安全药理学、药理毒理信息以及临床研究中的不良反应等数据,通过分析单独开展、伴随开展和未开展安全药理学试验的原因来讨论安全药理学试验的必要性和可行性,以及分析是否存在相关动物种属、靶点相关风险以及核心组合试验要点等来探讨生物制品安全药理学研究的关注点。结果与结论:基于2013至2023年间FDA核准上市的生物制品信息以及生物制品安全药理学相关指导原则要求等,本文得出生物制品是依赖于药理学作用、是否有相关动物种属、靶点特征、适应证和相关药物上市信息等决定是否进行非临床安全药理学试验,包括单独开展、伴随开展还是豁免安全药理学研究,并且制定合理的安全药理学试验方案。生物制品的安全药理学评估通常与一般毒理学研究伴随进行,且此趋势日益显著。鉴于成本效益及动物福利3R原则,建议将生物制品的安全药理学研究整合至重复给药毒性研究中,但需注意研究设计的复杂性,包括动物数量、采样频率、毒代动力学采血干扰及动物驯化难度等挑战,确保关键指标如ECG和血压的精确测定,以保障研究的高效性。

HRB400钢筋与UHPC锚固可靠度分析及锚固设计研究

为给桥梁工程中HRB400钢筋与超高性能混凝土(Ultra-High Performance Concrete,UHPC)锚固设计提供依据,对两者间的粘结性能及锚固长度进行研究。根据中心拔出试验中54个不同参数HRB400钢筋与UHPC锚固试件的粘结强度结果,回归得到粘结强度计算公式;在此基础上利用中心点法进行锚固可靠度分析与基本锚固长度计算,并与国内外规范基本锚固长度计算结果进行对比。结果表明:《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB 50010-2010)和CEB-FIB Model Code 2010计算的基本锚固长度接近,与中心点法相比偏大、偏安全;基于锚固长度计算结果,给出不同保护层厚度下基本锚固长度和钢筋断裂最小锚固长度建议值;提出UHPC相对保护层厚度为0.5时,可采用《混凝土结构设计规范》计算HRB400钢筋与UHPC基本锚固长度和钢筋断裂最小锚固长度;UHPC相对保护层厚度为1.0、1.5、2.0时,可通过修正《混凝土结构设计规范》计算结果取值,基本锚固长度修正系数分别可取0.8、0.65、0.55,钢筋断裂最小锚固长度修正系数分别可取0.85、0.7、0.6。

基于多项式响应面MDOE的低速风洞试验方法研究

现有的基于各类统计模型的现代试验设计(MDOE)方法存在计算量大、建模较复杂导致整体风洞试验效率下降的不足。针对这一问题,本文提出一种将多项式响应面模型与现代试验设计相结合的优化设计方法。采用中心复合设计在自变量区间中划分试验点并进行风洞试验获取气动力,利用最小二乘法确定多项式待定系数,构建响应面模型,并进行方差分析及显著性检验,最后选取了5个传统单变量(OFAT)方法试验点检验响应面模型的拟合精度。结果表明,与传统单变量风洞试验方法相比,本文提出的基于多项式响应面MDOE的低速风洞试验方法具有建模容易、计算量较小、预测校准的优点,可使试验样本点减少50%左右,能够有效提升风洞试验效率。

铁路智能调度集中系统软件集成测试方法研究

智能调度集中系统仿真测试包括软件模块测试、软件集成测试及软件总体测试三个阶段。在软件总体测试阶段,测试环境的搭建需要庞大的计算机集群资源作为支撑,这不仅增加了测试的成本,而且测试用例各步骤中复杂的终端交互操作极为繁琐,存在调试成本高的难点,为此设计软件集成测试模块。该模块实现了在单台计算机上即可开展黑盒测试用例的软件调试工作,无须依赖庞大的计算机集群资源,可达到简化测试流程、降低软件调试成本的效果。使用智能调度集中系统现场实验中的非预期场景开展软件调试工作,并通过统计和对比总体测试环境和集成测试环境在处理器核心调用个数及终端交互界面个数,验证了软件集成测试方法在降低软件调试成本和提高软件调试效率方面效果显著,为现场实验顺利开展提供了有力保障。

骨伤跌打康复凝胶贴膏剂处方优选

目的优选骨伤跌打康复凝胶贴膏剂处方。方法以制剂的初黏力、持黏力、综合感官评分的归一化值为评价指标,以聚丙烯酸钠、甘羟铝、聚维酮K90、酒石酸、甘油、中药粉用量为影响因素,采用Plackett-Burman试验和星点设计-响应面法优选制剂处方,并验证。结果该凝胶贴膏剂制备工艺的关键因素为聚丙烯酸钠、甘羟铝、聚维酮K90的用量,最优处方配比为聚丙烯酸钠5.5 g、聚维酮K902.9 g、甘羟铝0.2 g。制得3批制剂的平均归一化值为0.8044,与理论值(0.817)接近(RSD为1.90%)。结论优化处方后的制剂外观均匀,黏性良好,符合凝胶贴膏剂的质量要求。

水质检测实验室的安全中控系统与监测流程管理

在拟建于某地下水质净化厂地面的水质检测新实验大楼,应用AI数智化技术,对该实验大楼理化实验室的安防、消防、水质监测工作等进行安全控制系统规划设计,围绕“人、机、料、环、管”关键环节,对影响实验室安全的相关环节及要素进行统一配置,整合多个管理子系统,对影响实验室安全的相关环节及要素数据进行共享与联动,全过程对实验室水质监测工作流程和安全管理各环节及要点进行控制,构建水质检测实验楼综合安防、消防智能安全管理,温湿度管控区域智能化管理,电气火灾隐患监测、消防用水监控、水质监测工作流程管理等核心应用,从而有效实现水质检测实验室安全闭环管理。

《多联机中央空调分户计量(实时分摊)系统分户计量偏差测试方法》标准解读

多联机中央空调准确公平的分户计量是降低大型建筑能耗的有力保障。现阶段行业内存在多种电量实时分摊算法,但没有统一科学的测试方法对分摊结果的偏差进行评估,无法衡量系统分摊的准确性、公平性。《多联机中央空调分户计量(实时分摊)系统分户计量偏差测试方法》提出了合理可行的三种测试场景,对冷热量分摊偏差给出了明确的计算方法,为衡量系统的分摊准确性提供依据,促进行业技术发展。