目的:探讨严重脓毒症患者液体复苏中中心静脉血氧饱和度(ScvO_(2))、乳酸清除率与超声测算下腔静脉呼吸变异度(IVC-RVI)的相关性,以期为临床早期制定干预方案提供参考。方法:选取2020年12月至2022年12月四川省自贡市第一人民医院60例严...目的:探讨严重脓毒症患者液体复苏中中心静脉血氧饱和度(ScvO_(2))、乳酸清除率与超声测算下腔静脉呼吸变异度(IVC-RVI)的相关性,以期为临床早期制定干预方案提供参考。方法:选取2020年12月至2022年12月四川省自贡市第一人民医院60例严重脓毒症患者,对所有患者根据早期目标导向治疗(EGDT)方案按6 h脓毒症集束化治疗行液体复苏,监测ScvO_(2)、乳酸清除率,并经超声检查测算IVC-RVI,分析ScvO_(2)、乳酸清除率及IVC-RVI与EGDT治疗达标的关系,比较不同预后患者复苏后6 h、12 h及24 h ScvO_(2)、乳酸清除率及IVC-RVI,分析其对预后评估价值。结果:EGDT治疗未达标组复苏后6 h ScvO_(2)、乳酸清除率均低于达标组,IVC-RVI高于达标组(P<0.05);复苏后6 h ScvO_(2)、乳酸清除率低水平组患者EGDT治疗不达标风险分别是高水平组的7.500倍、4.667倍;IVC-RVI高水平组患者EGDT治疗不达标风险是低水平组的3.250倍;死亡组患者复苏后6 h、12 h及24 h ScvO_(2)、乳酸清除率均低于生存组患者,IVC-RVI高于生存组患者(P<0.05);复苏后6 h、12 h及24 h ScvO_(2)、乳酸清除率、IVC-RVI联合预测AUC分别为0.856、0.892、0.933,明显较各时间点单个指标大,且复苏后24 h联合预测AUC>复苏后12 h>复苏后6 h(P<0.05);严重脓毒症患者复苏后6 h、12 h及24 h ScvO_(2)、乳酸清除率均与IVC-RVI呈负相关关系(P<0.05)。结论:严重脓毒症患者液体复苏中ScvO_(2)、乳酸清除率及IVC-RVI对于液体复苏疗效具有较高评估价值,可为临床早期预测预后提供依据,以针对性展开后续治疗,提高患者生存率。展开更多
Objective: To assess the effects of various anesthetic techniques and PaCO2 levels on cerebral oxygen supply/consumption balance during craniotomy for removal of tumors, and to explore an anesthetic technique for neur...Objective: To assess the effects of various anesthetic techniques and PaCO2 levels on cerebral oxygen supply/consumption balance during craniotomy for removal of tumors, and to explore an anesthetic technique for neurosur-gery and an appropriate degree of PaCO2 during neuroanesthesia. Methods: One hundred and fourteen patients with supratentorial tumors for elective craniotomy, ASA grade I - II , were randomly allocated to six groups. Patients were anesthetized with continuous intravenous infusion of 2% procaine 1. 0 mg · kg-1 · min-1 in Group I , inhalation of 1. 0% - 1. 5% isoflurane in Group II , and infusion of 2% procaine 0. 5 mg·kg · min-1 combined with inhalation of 0.5% -0.7% isoflurane in Group III during the period of study. The end-tidal pressure of CO2(PET CO2 ) was maintained at 4.0 kPa in these 3 groups. In Group IV, V and VI, the anesthetic technique was the same as that in Group I but the PETCO2 was adjusted to 3. 5, 4. 0 and 4. 5 kPa respectively for 60 min during which the study was performed. The radial arterial and retrograde jugular venous blood samples were obtained at the onset and the end of this study for determining jugular venous bulb oxygen saturation ( SjvO2 ) , arteriovenous oxygen content difference (AVDO2) and cerebral extraction of oxygen (CEO2). Results: In Group I and I SjvO2, AVDO2 and CEO2 remained stable. Although SjvO2 kept constant, AVDO2 and CEO2 decreased significantly (P <0. 05) in Group II. Moreover, AVDO2 and CEO2 in Group II were significantly lower than those of Group III (P<0. 05). In Group IV, 60 min after hyperventilation, SjvO2 and jugular venous oxygen content ( CjvO2 ) decreased markedly (P < 0. 01 ) while CEO2 increased significantly ( P <0.01) . In addition, SjvO2, CjvO2 and CEO2 in Group IV were significantly different from the corresponding parameters in Group V and Group VI (P <0. 05) . In view of sustained excessive hyperventilation, SjvO2 was less than 50% in 37.5% patients of Group IV. Conclusion: Anesthesia with intravenous infusion of procaine combined with isoflurane inhalation proved to be more suitable for neurosurgery than procaine intravenous anesthesia or isoflurane inhalation anesthesia alone. PaCO2 at 4.0 -4. 5 kPa in patients undergoing craniocerebral surgery during neuroanesthesia would be beneficial in both decreasing ICP and maintaining cerebral oxygen supply/consumption balance.展开更多
BACKGROUND As per the latest Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines,fluid resuscitation should be guided by repeated measurements of blood lactate levels until normalization.Nevertheless,raised lactate levels should be ...BACKGROUND As per the latest Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines,fluid resuscitation should be guided by repeated measurements of blood lactate levels until normalization.Nevertheless,raised lactate levels should be interpreted in the clinical context,as there may be other causes of elevated lactate levels.Thus,it may not be the best tool for real-time assessment of the effect of hemodynamic resuscitation,and exploring alternative resuscitation targets should be an essential research priority in sepsis.AIM To compare the 28-d mortality in two clinical patterns of septic shock:hyperlactatemic patients with hypoperfusion context and hyperlactatemic patients without hypoperfusion context.METHODS This prospective comparative observational study carried out on 135 adult patients with septic shock that met Sepsis-3 definitions compared patients with hyperlactatemia in a hypoperfusion context(Group 1,n=95)and patients with hyperlactatemia in a non-hypoperfusion context(Group 2,n=40).Hypoperfusion context was defined by a central venous saturation less than 70%,central venousarterial PCO_(2)gradient[P(cv-a)CO_(2)]≥6 mmHg,and capillary refilling time(CRT)≥4 s.The patients were observed for various macro and micro hemodynamic parameters at regular intervals of 0 h,3 h,and 6 h.All-cause 28-d mortality and all other secondary objective parameters were observed at specified intervals.Nominal categorical data were compared using theχ^(2)or Fisher’s exact test.Nonnormally distributed continuous variables were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with the Youden index determined the cutoff values of lactate,CRT,and metabolic perfusion parameters to predict the 28-d all-cause mortality.A P value of<0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS Patient demographics,comorbidities,baseline laboratory,vital parameters,source of infection,baseline lactate levels,and lactate clearance at 3 h and 6 h,Sequential Organ Failure scores,need for invasive mechanical ventilation,days on mechanical ventilation,and renal replacement therapy-free days within 28 d,duration of intensive care unit stay,and hospital stay were comparable between the two groups.The stratification of patients into hypoperfusion and nonhypoperfusion context did not result in a significantly different 28-d mortality(24%vs 15%,respectively;P=0.234).However,the patients within the hypoperfusion context with high P(cva)CO_(2)and CRT(P=0.022)at baseline had significantly higher mortality than Group 2.The norepinephrine dose was higher in Group 1 but did not achieve statistical significance with a P>0.05 at all measured intervals.Group 1 had a higher proportion of patients requiring vasopressin and the mean vasopressor-free days out of the total 28 d were lower in patients with hypoperfusion(18.88±9.04 vs 21.08±8.76;P=0.011).The mean lactate levels and lactate clearance at 3 h and 6 h,CRT,P(cv-a)CO_(2)at 0 h,3 h,and 6 h were found to be associated with 28-d mortality in patients with septic shock,with lactate levels at 6 h having the best predictive value(area under the curve lactate at 6 h:0.845).CONCLUSION Septic shock patients fulfilling the hypoperfusion and non-hypoperfusion context exhibited similar 28-d all-cause hospital mortality,although patients with hypoperfusion displayed a more severe circulatory dysfunction.Lactate levels at 6 h had a better predictive value in predicting 28-d mortality than other parameters.Persistently high P(cv-a)CO_(2)(>6 mmHg)or increased CRT(>4 s)at 3 h and 6 h during early resuscitation can be a valuable additional aid for prognostication of septic shock patients.展开更多
文摘目的:探讨严重脓毒症患者液体复苏中中心静脉血氧饱和度(ScvO_(2))、乳酸清除率与超声测算下腔静脉呼吸变异度(IVC-RVI)的相关性,以期为临床早期制定干预方案提供参考。方法:选取2020年12月至2022年12月四川省自贡市第一人民医院60例严重脓毒症患者,对所有患者根据早期目标导向治疗(EGDT)方案按6 h脓毒症集束化治疗行液体复苏,监测ScvO_(2)、乳酸清除率,并经超声检查测算IVC-RVI,分析ScvO_(2)、乳酸清除率及IVC-RVI与EGDT治疗达标的关系,比较不同预后患者复苏后6 h、12 h及24 h ScvO_(2)、乳酸清除率及IVC-RVI,分析其对预后评估价值。结果:EGDT治疗未达标组复苏后6 h ScvO_(2)、乳酸清除率均低于达标组,IVC-RVI高于达标组(P<0.05);复苏后6 h ScvO_(2)、乳酸清除率低水平组患者EGDT治疗不达标风险分别是高水平组的7.500倍、4.667倍;IVC-RVI高水平组患者EGDT治疗不达标风险是低水平组的3.250倍;死亡组患者复苏后6 h、12 h及24 h ScvO_(2)、乳酸清除率均低于生存组患者,IVC-RVI高于生存组患者(P<0.05);复苏后6 h、12 h及24 h ScvO_(2)、乳酸清除率、IVC-RVI联合预测AUC分别为0.856、0.892、0.933,明显较各时间点单个指标大,且复苏后24 h联合预测AUC>复苏后12 h>复苏后6 h(P<0.05);严重脓毒症患者复苏后6 h、12 h及24 h ScvO_(2)、乳酸清除率均与IVC-RVI呈负相关关系(P<0.05)。结论:严重脓毒症患者液体复苏中ScvO_(2)、乳酸清除率及IVC-RVI对于液体复苏疗效具有较高评估价值,可为临床早期预测预后提供依据,以针对性展开后续治疗,提高患者生存率。
基金Supported by the"Tenth five-year-plan"Medical Science Foundation of PLA(NO.01M118 to Dr.CHEN).
文摘Objective: To assess the effects of various anesthetic techniques and PaCO2 levels on cerebral oxygen supply/consumption balance during craniotomy for removal of tumors, and to explore an anesthetic technique for neurosur-gery and an appropriate degree of PaCO2 during neuroanesthesia. Methods: One hundred and fourteen patients with supratentorial tumors for elective craniotomy, ASA grade I - II , were randomly allocated to six groups. Patients were anesthetized with continuous intravenous infusion of 2% procaine 1. 0 mg · kg-1 · min-1 in Group I , inhalation of 1. 0% - 1. 5% isoflurane in Group II , and infusion of 2% procaine 0. 5 mg·kg · min-1 combined with inhalation of 0.5% -0.7% isoflurane in Group III during the period of study. The end-tidal pressure of CO2(PET CO2 ) was maintained at 4.0 kPa in these 3 groups. In Group IV, V and VI, the anesthetic technique was the same as that in Group I but the PETCO2 was adjusted to 3. 5, 4. 0 and 4. 5 kPa respectively for 60 min during which the study was performed. The radial arterial and retrograde jugular venous blood samples were obtained at the onset and the end of this study for determining jugular venous bulb oxygen saturation ( SjvO2 ) , arteriovenous oxygen content difference (AVDO2) and cerebral extraction of oxygen (CEO2). Results: In Group I and I SjvO2, AVDO2 and CEO2 remained stable. Although SjvO2 kept constant, AVDO2 and CEO2 decreased significantly (P <0. 05) in Group II. Moreover, AVDO2 and CEO2 in Group II were significantly lower than those of Group III (P<0. 05). In Group IV, 60 min after hyperventilation, SjvO2 and jugular venous oxygen content ( CjvO2 ) decreased markedly (P < 0. 01 ) while CEO2 increased significantly ( P <0.01) . In addition, SjvO2, CjvO2 and CEO2 in Group IV were significantly different from the corresponding parameters in Group V and Group VI (P <0. 05) . In view of sustained excessive hyperventilation, SjvO2 was less than 50% in 37.5% patients of Group IV. Conclusion: Anesthesia with intravenous infusion of procaine combined with isoflurane inhalation proved to be more suitable for neurosurgery than procaine intravenous anesthesia or isoflurane inhalation anesthesia alone. PaCO2 at 4.0 -4. 5 kPa in patients undergoing craniocerebral surgery during neuroanesthesia would be beneficial in both decreasing ICP and maintaining cerebral oxygen supply/consumption balance.
文摘BACKGROUND As per the latest Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines,fluid resuscitation should be guided by repeated measurements of blood lactate levels until normalization.Nevertheless,raised lactate levels should be interpreted in the clinical context,as there may be other causes of elevated lactate levels.Thus,it may not be the best tool for real-time assessment of the effect of hemodynamic resuscitation,and exploring alternative resuscitation targets should be an essential research priority in sepsis.AIM To compare the 28-d mortality in two clinical patterns of septic shock:hyperlactatemic patients with hypoperfusion context and hyperlactatemic patients without hypoperfusion context.METHODS This prospective comparative observational study carried out on 135 adult patients with septic shock that met Sepsis-3 definitions compared patients with hyperlactatemia in a hypoperfusion context(Group 1,n=95)and patients with hyperlactatemia in a non-hypoperfusion context(Group 2,n=40).Hypoperfusion context was defined by a central venous saturation less than 70%,central venousarterial PCO_(2)gradient[P(cv-a)CO_(2)]≥6 mmHg,and capillary refilling time(CRT)≥4 s.The patients were observed for various macro and micro hemodynamic parameters at regular intervals of 0 h,3 h,and 6 h.All-cause 28-d mortality and all other secondary objective parameters were observed at specified intervals.Nominal categorical data were compared using theχ^(2)or Fisher’s exact test.Nonnormally distributed continuous variables were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with the Youden index determined the cutoff values of lactate,CRT,and metabolic perfusion parameters to predict the 28-d all-cause mortality.A P value of<0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS Patient demographics,comorbidities,baseline laboratory,vital parameters,source of infection,baseline lactate levels,and lactate clearance at 3 h and 6 h,Sequential Organ Failure scores,need for invasive mechanical ventilation,days on mechanical ventilation,and renal replacement therapy-free days within 28 d,duration of intensive care unit stay,and hospital stay were comparable between the two groups.The stratification of patients into hypoperfusion and nonhypoperfusion context did not result in a significantly different 28-d mortality(24%vs 15%,respectively;P=0.234).However,the patients within the hypoperfusion context with high P(cva)CO_(2)and CRT(P=0.022)at baseline had significantly higher mortality than Group 2.The norepinephrine dose was higher in Group 1 but did not achieve statistical significance with a P>0.05 at all measured intervals.Group 1 had a higher proportion of patients requiring vasopressin and the mean vasopressor-free days out of the total 28 d were lower in patients with hypoperfusion(18.88±9.04 vs 21.08±8.76;P=0.011).The mean lactate levels and lactate clearance at 3 h and 6 h,CRT,P(cv-a)CO_(2)at 0 h,3 h,and 6 h were found to be associated with 28-d mortality in patients with septic shock,with lactate levels at 6 h having the best predictive value(area under the curve lactate at 6 h:0.845).CONCLUSION Septic shock patients fulfilling the hypoperfusion and non-hypoperfusion context exhibited similar 28-d all-cause hospital mortality,although patients with hypoperfusion displayed a more severe circulatory dysfunction.Lactate levels at 6 h had a better predictive value in predicting 28-d mortality than other parameters.Persistently high P(cv-a)CO_(2)(>6 mmHg)or increased CRT(>4 s)at 3 h and 6 h during early resuscitation can be a valuable additional aid for prognostication of septic shock patients.
