The Centenary of the CPC:Exploration and Improvement of Central-Local Economic Relationship

Decentralization is a global phenomenon,but growth is not.The economic relationship between central and local governments is an important yet unresolved question in China’s economic development.As a large country with unbalanced political and economic development,China is faced with unbalanced and inadequate development as the primary constraint to meeting people’s ever-growing needs for a better life.The Communist Party of China(CPC)has been exploring to mobilize the initiatives of both central and local governments.During the planned economy era,China experienced a few rounds of centralization of economic powers but failed to strike a balance in maximizing the initiatives of both central and local governments.After the reform and opening up policy enacted in 1978,China’s central and local governments have succeeded in combining economic decentralization with administrative decentralization.China’s central government,local governments and enterprises have become resource allocation entities.China’s economic growth miracle has been driven by promoting the initiatives of central and local governments.Entering the new era,the central-local economic relationship represents an institutional strength of concentrating resources to accomplish great undertakings and leveraging the initiatives of both central and local governments.With the principal contradiction facing China’s development shifted into one between people’s growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development,the management of central and local government relationship has taken on greater theoretical significance and salient implications in the new era.

GDI and GSI: China’s New Propositions for Global Governance

In the post-pandemic era,the global economic and security landscapes are fraught with complexities and uncertainties.Among them,four risk flashpoints merit attention:Certain countries are raising interest rates to subdue inflation,despite their already high levels of debt;the bulk commodities market is experiencing volatility,leading to global turbulence and change;trade protectionism is at the forefront of major-power rivalry in political and economic spheres;and regional security crises are compounding international tensions.Behind those flashpoints are contradictions that obstruct world peace and progress,including development imbalances,governance gaps,and structural tensions in global security.In the face of uncertainties,it is crucial for China to seize strategic opportunities and transform crises into favorable situations.China has launched the Global Development Initiative(GDI)and the Global Security Initiative(GSI)to contribute to global prosperity and security.The two initiatives demonstrate China’s commitment to addressing global deficits in peace,development,security,and governance.

Theory and application of equivalent transformation relationships between plane wave and spherical wave

Based on the governing equations and the equivalent models, we propose an equivalent transformation relationships between a plane wave in a one-dimensional medium and a spherical wave in globular geometry with radially inhomogeneous properties. These equivalent relationships can help us to obtain the analytical solutions of the elastodynamic issues in an inhomogeneous medium. The physical essence of the presented equivalent transformations is the equivalent relationships between the geometry and the material properties. It indicates that the spherical wave problem in globular geometry can be transformed into the plane wave problem in the bar with variable property fields, and its inverse transformation is valid as well. Four different examples of wave motion problems in the inhomogeneous media are solved based on the presented equivalent relationships. We obtain two basic analytical solution forms in Examples I and II, investigate the reflection behavior of inhomogeneous half-space in Example III, and exhibit a special inhomogeneity in Example IV, which can keep the traveling spherical wave in constant amplitude. This study implies that our idea makes solving the associated problem easier.

From Government to Enterprises:How Tax Sharing Interacts with Tax Rates

Tax sharing embodies central-local government fiscal relations and tax rates reflect government-market relations.Research on the interactions between tax sharing and tax rates helps uncover the effects of central-local fiscal relations on government-market relations.According to our study,China's flexible tax sharing and differential tax rates facing firms are two important typical facts;theoretical analysis discovered that effective corporate tax rates are influenced by local government preferences and tax sharing ratio;empirical analysis found that increasing CIT and VAT sharing ratios for governments at city and county levels led to the reduction of tax evasion and increase of effective tax rates.The above conclusions have revealed the unique mechanism of how government-market relations are influenced by fiscal system,explains the sources of differential tax rates facing Chinese firms,and provides reference for next-step fiscal reform.

Do Relationships Matter in Export Performance Enhancement？ Evidences From Moroccan SMEs

This article addresses the concern of export performance among Moroccan SMEs through the paradigmatic lens of the resource based view （RBV） and international relationship marketing. Limited research exists on relational determinants of export performance, especially in developing countries. Furthermore, literature has been dominated during the last decade by the economic perspective. Yet, an increased attention has turned to the RBV as well as the relational perspective. Highlighting this gap, the study aims two objectives： First, to understand the scope and the nature of relational determinants, deemed as key resources, of export performance. Second, to examine which other internal and market factors are intervening as significant antecedents of the relational factors Drawing from a literature review outcomes and an in-depth interview endeavor conducted among 20 exporting firms＇ managers, a conceptual framework has been proposed. It＇s argued that exporting finns would reach great export performance by fostering successful cross-border inter-firm relationships. More specifically, the study highlight three main relational constructs, namely contractual governance, relational governance, and relationship performance. Linguistic abilities, attitude toward risk and export experience are suggested as managerial antecedents. While competitive intensity and market uncertainty are supposed to intervene as external antecedents Several hypotheses are suggested. The unit of analysis is a selected export venture. A further inquiry of the overall study is to offer hypotheses test throughout quantitative survey

The Nexus between Nigerian Government Spending and Domestic Output in the Presence of Long-Term Crude Oil Price Shock: A Conditional Unrestricted Equilibrium Correction Model Approach

This paper is an empirical analysis of provisional unrestricted level relationship between Nigerian domestic output measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and government spending proxied by capital and recurrent expenditures in the presence of static regressors such as crude oil prices and federal government retained revenues. We estimate an ARDL (1,0,1) using a single-equation approach. Results show that government expenditures have negative but statistically insignificant effects on domestic output in the long-run. Similarly, negative short run effects are established amongst the variables. However, recurrent expenditure is statistically significant in the short-run. Whilst federal government retained revenue has a positive and significant effect, crude oil price exhibited negative relationships with domestic output both at level and in the short-run dynamics. Also a high speed of adjustment implies that Nigerian Gross Domestic Product is extremely sensitive to shocks on the government spending in the long-run. An upward trend forecast between 2014 and 2020 is an indication of the continued positive impact and the government retained revenue will exert on the domestic output in the long-run.

中国式乡村治理现代化的重要关系问题

为实现中国式现代化的战略目标,乡村治理现代化是必要的动力和重要的支撑。变革和创新乡村治理以促进农业农村农民的现代化发展,必须结合中国国情和实际需要,科学合理地应对和协调城镇化与乡村振兴、公共管理与村民自治、保护与发展、耕地保护与制度创新、农业与非农化、先富与共同富裕之间的关系问题。重视并处理好这六大重要关系问题,一方面可规避单向度发展,另一方面可避免政策与实践的二元对立,从而有效推进中国式乡村治理现代化。

亲清政商关系与企业数字化转型

在数字经济时代,数字化转型是企业实现高质量发展的内生要求,而企业的数字化转型离不开政府的引导和支持。基于此,分析检验当前亲清政商关系构建会如何影响微观企业的数字化转型,有助于企业实现高质量发展。利用2016—2020年中国A股传统行业上市公司的年度观察数据研究发现,亲清政商关系对企业数字化转型具有显著的正向影响,即在政商关系越亲清的地区,企业的数字化水平越高,并且这种正向影响在非国有企业中表现得更强。进一步的机制检验表明,亲清政商关系主要通过“市场导向效应”和“资源供给效应”对企业数字化转型发挥积极的促进作用。更具有启发意义的是,主要是政商关系的“亲近化”而不是政商关系的“清白化”助力了企业的数字化转型,而且亲清政商关系能够降低传统政治关联的相关影响。

供应商企业社会责任信息披露与客户稳定性

稳定的供应链关系对于经济安全平稳运行以及高质量发展意义重大,本文基于供应链关系视角考察了供应商的企业社会责任信息披露对客户稳定性的影响及其作用机理。实证结果发现:供应商企业社会责任信息披露质量与客户稳定性显著正相关,并且该影响在自愿性披露和民营企业样本中更加明显。机制检验表明,供应商企业社会责任信息披露主要通过提升信息透明度及改善公司治理来增强客户稳定性。本文将企业社会责任信息披露的经济后果拓展至供应链关系上,研究结论对供应商企业如何维护客户稳定性促进企业高质量发展具有一定启示意义。

治理环境再造:理解技术化背景下基层政府治理困境的一个视角

近年来在政府治理过程中技术应用不断深入,其实践效果通常是以一体多面、整体局部差异明显的形式呈现出来的。技术治理的内在变化与政府治理逻辑的根本性变革均引人关注。从中观层面看,技术使政府治理向形式简化、责任共担、监管渗透等方向转变,并导致超越传统科层制的制度控制、条块权力调整的结构重塑、合法性转移的价值置换等结果。基层政府所处的治理环境由此发生了全面的颠覆与革新,正面临着灵活性受限、自主性下降、正当性模糊等困境。技术改革的积极推进应适当考虑基层政府的技术适配性,通过对一线治理主体赋能来加强和引导技术治理,从而实现持续性基层善治。

乡村振兴中国家与农民关系的社会化调适

乡村振兴战略实施中的政策实践,指向了社会学持续关注的国家与农民关系问题。公共资源下乡中国家与农民之间的互动不仅在器物和组织两个层面展开,还集中体现在价值层面。在乡村振兴的积极案例中,国家与农民关系的新形态表现为器物层面上国家资源与社会需求的有效对接,组织层面上社会动员能力的提升,价值层面上农民国家认同感的强化。国家输入的公共资源只有以高度社会化的方式与农民互动时,农民才可能按照特定的行动逻辑将“国家”内化于心,国家权力才算实现了社会合法性的确认和再生产。为了实现国家与农民关系的社会化调适,社会治理公共性的建设不应停留于权力运作的策略层面。国家应充分发掘、激活蕴藏于乡村社会中的本土资源,将自上而下输入的公共资源转化为推动乡村社会开展自主建设的内生要素。如此,公共资源的下乡才能在推动乡村振兴的过程中,促成国家濡化能力在基层的再造,实现现代国家在社会中的扎根和成长。

共同富裕视域下乡村治理共同体建设的理论逻辑与实现路径

实现农民农村共同富裕是实现全体人民共同富裕中最艰巨最繁重的任务,这意味着加强和创新乡村治理将承担更多实现共同富裕的目标任务。为此,需在共同富裕视域下建设乡村治理共同体,实现农民农村共同富裕与乡村治理有效的高度统一。就其联系而言,实现共同富裕是乡村治理共同体建设的基本前提与价值导向,乡村治理共同体建设则是共同富裕的实现方式与本质要求,由此表现出二者互为实现途径与目的的内在耦合关系。就其理论逻辑而言,马克思共同体思想和城乡关系理论内在统一的思想奠基是其理论本源,习近平共同富裕观与乡村治理思想内在统一的现实指引是其理论创新,中华优秀传统文化中的“大同”理想与乡村治理思想的当代升华是其理论底蕴。就其实现路径而言,需坚持和加强党建引领,强化统筹乡村治理共同体的“内涵”和“外延”;发展壮大农村集体经济,筑牢乡村治理共同体建设的物质基础;健全“三治融合”乡村治理体系,完善乡村治理共同体的治理机制;积极推动城乡融合,激活乡村治理共同体建设的内生动力。

新时代我国竞技体育发展中政社关系改革的几点思考

为更好适应新时代社会主要矛盾变化,建构我国竞技体育发展新格局,采用文献资料法和访谈法对我国竞技体育发展中政社关系改革问题进行分析。认为,我国竞技体育发展中强政府、弱社会的发展惯性仍需进一步打破,社会自组织的发展能力有待提高,政府管理的角色和职能亟需转变。新时代我国竞技体育发展需重视政社关系改革,从强政府、弱社会转变为强政府、大社会发展格局,政府引导社会力量有序发展,并与社会力量合作构建多元治理机制。具体包括:深化“放管服”改革,竞技体育“举国体制”继续做减法;社会力量加强自身建设,在更多领域发挥更大作用;依据经济发展的阶段性特征,有针对性地扶持社会力量成长;根据参与类别,对社会力量发展提供差异化的帮扶;做好市场监管,引导、规范社会力量成长;积极推进政府元治理、行业自治和多元共治。

海洋观视角下海洋城市发展的历史回顾与国际比较

海洋观是人类在生产生活中对海洋的总体认识,随着海洋科技与国际关系发展而持续演变,为厘清不同历史时期海洋城市的差异特征提供了重要的研究视角。基于文献综述与类型归纳相结合的方法,重点关注海洋观变迁下全球典型海洋城市发展的空间演变与发展趋势。研究发现,在殖民、后殖民、全球化海洋观演变过程中,海洋城市职能从早期的贸易型逐渐转变为产业型与服务型,其战略属性主要体现为在全球、区域与国家多维空间尺度下的连通性、撬动性与支撑性。应充分发挥海洋城市战略属性,面向世界级海洋城市群开展现代海洋城市建设。

社区治理主体关系内卷化问题及其对策研究

正式组织、自治组织及市场主体在社区治理过程中存在着关系内卷化的问题。这一问题主要来源于社区治理多主体性与治理目标意义共享性的矛盾、治理主体资源控制差异性与治理过程连续性互为掣肘、自治组织成员公利性身份与私立性需求的结构性张力。针对治理主体关系处理的实践困境,应当从治理理念、治理目标、治理手段、治理评价等方面采取对策,促进多主体关系的协调发展。

社会治理数字化的主体伦理冲突与调适

社会治理数字化是治理主体运用数字技术对社会治理进行结构重塑与流程再造的新型治理形态。在社会治理数字化进程中,只有多元治理主体之间形成地位平等、能力提升、责任明晰、情感融洽的伦理关系,才能把数字技术的工具理性与治理主体的价值理性有机融合并激发出来,提升社会治理的效能。在现实中,技术的负面效应、主体的不完善和社会适应性的滞后,造成了治理主体之间数据垄断与地位平等、技术依赖与能力提升、机械逻辑与情感融洽、责任模糊与责任明晰的伦理冲突。调适治理主体之间的伦理冲突需要构建“权力-能力-关系-制度”的四维协同体系,即通过平衡治理主体之间的数字权力、均衡治理主体之间的数字能力、重构治理主体之间的数字关系、完善治理主体之间的数字规范,再造数字治理主体之间的伦理关系,推动社会治理的现代化发展。

协作互嵌:基层治理改革中的条块关系重塑——以深圳市宝安区“治理重心下移”改革为例

治理重心下移、做实做强基层是基层治理改革的重要内容。其中,重塑条块关系,提升基层治理效能是关键。当下,条块权责结构失衡,治理资源配置失衡,以及条块协同不够与张力不足等问题,已经成为影响基层治理效能提升的阻滞性因素。为此,基层治理改革亟需从处理好重心下移与条块分工、资源配置与权责分配、职责分工与整体协同三大关系入手,通过条块结构互嵌、资源互嵌与过程互嵌改革,依托于条管块统、条抓块管等治理形式实现基层治理中的条块协作,提升基层治理的整体质效。深圳市宝安区在充分考虑基层治理环境与制度环境的基础上,对基层治理中的条块关系进行差异化、系统性调整,实现基层治理中的条块协作互嵌,其改革经验和未尽事宜为我国基层治理改革的深入推进提供了宝贵的实践分析样本。

基于共生理论的“互联网+”企业创新生态系统关系治理模式研究

促进“互联网+”企业创新生态系统可持续发展要求妥善处理好系统中的关系风险。目前“互联网+”企业创新生态系统的相关研究在关系治理、主体互动关系及其可能产生的关系风险和治理机制等方面仍不足。为此,基于共生理论,通过对现有文献的梳理汇总,探讨“互联网+”企业创新生态系统3种关系治理模式的互动方式、关系风险和治理机制,并以小米(小米科技有限责任公司)、抖音、微信小程序等典型案例分析验证。研究发现:偏利共生型关系治理模式下,机构型创新主体为主导者,以效率为导向,实现创新行为的控制,其治理机制为核心企业控治;寄利共享型关系治理模式下,社群型创新主体为主导者,以公平为导向,实现创新关系的扩散,其治理机制为“社群自治+核心企业同治”;互利共赢型关系治理模式下,创新主体间平等合作,以民主为导向,实现创新效能质的提升,其治理机制为社群与核心企业共治。此外,这3种关系治理模式均以技术和创意等资源作为生态系统战略利益的根本来源,并借助其向创新主体表达自己的价值导向。然而,不同的关系特征会引起不同的共生风险,主要包括创新资源投入不平衡、主体利益分配不公平、竞合关系维持不稳定。基于此,要明确“互联网+”企业创新生态系统中主体的角色,核心企业应根据情况选择不同的关系治理范式。

政府补贴与企业出口国内附加值的倒u型关系——双调节效应分析

政府补贴对制造业优化升级有着重要意义。那么,政府补贴的政策效果如何?它促进了我国企业出口国内附加值提升吗?为回答以上问题,运用OLS和两步法系统GMM,从静态和动态角度实证分析了政府补贴对我国企业出口国内附加值的影响,并探讨行业集中度及其与全要素生产率对二者关系的调节效应。实证研究发现:(1)政府补贴通过激励效应和扭曲效应对出口国内附加值产生倒U型影响;(2)行业集中度对倒U型关系具有调节作用,行业集中度越高,政府补贴对出口国内附加值率的倒U型影响越小;(3)全要素生产率会强化行业集中度对政府补贴与出口国内附加值率倒U型关系的调节作用。