Models,Characteristics and Upgrade of Rural Tourism Industrial Organizations in Beijing Suburbs

This paper firstly introduces theoretical basis of researches on industrial organizations of rural tourism.It sums up major models of industrial organizations of rural tourism in Beijing suburbs.Then,it presents benefits and major problems of different models,sums up characteristics of development of rural tourism industrial organizations in Beijing suburbs.Finally,it comes up with recommendations for upgrade and development of rural tourism industrial organizations in Beijing suburbs.

Chinese Unit Neighborhood Planning Strategies: A Case Study of Beijing

Chinese unit residential buildings can be understood as a flexible urban element, and theintroduction of its concept changed the urban structure of China. In this study, starting from the constraintsof contemporary planning contexts by Chinese historical units, the categories of historical Chinese unitresidential buildings were analyzed, and how spatial order and social ties has made Chinese units becomea common framework within which collective living takes place, how does the political strategy of theChinese government creates and constructs a particular form of spatial order in each example of Chineseunit residential buildings, and the impact on the daily life of the urban population were studied. Finally,how social relations, politics, and economic strategies confront and interact within Chinese unit residentialbuildings was explored.

The Second International Conference on HSLA Steels——Beijing,China,October 1990 Organized by THE CHINESE SOCIETY OF METALS

GENERAL INFORMATIONThe Chinese Society of Metals is pleased to announcethat The Second International Conference on HSLASteels (HSLA’90) will be held in Beijing,China inOctober 1990.Much progress in research and devel-opment of HSLA steels has been achieved by theworld’s metallurgical and materials community since

The Second International Conference on HSLA Steels Beijing,China,October 1990 Organized by THE CHINESE SOCIETY OF METALS

GENERAL INFORMATIONThe Chinese Society of Metals is pleased to announcethat The Second International Conference on HSLASteels(HSLA’90)will be held in Beijing,China inOctober 1990.Much progress in research and devel-opment of HSLA steels has been achieved by theworld’s metallurgical and materials community since

Comparison on Soil Carbon Stocks Between Urban and Suburban Topsoil in Beijing, China

The urban population and urbanized land in China have both increased markedly since the 1980 s. Urban and suburban developments have grown at unprecedented rates with unknown consequences for ecosystem functions. In particular, the effect of rapid urbanization on the storage of soil carbon has not been studied extensively. In this study, we compared the soil carbon stocks of different land use types in Beijing Municipality. We collected 490 top-soil samples(top 20 cm) from urban and suburban sites within the Sixth Ring Road of Beijing, which cover approximately 2400 km2, and the densities of soil organic carbon(SOC), soil inorganic carbon(SIC), and total carbon(TC) were analyzed to determine the spatial distribution of urban and suburban soil carbon characteristics across seven land use types. The results revealed significant differences in soil carbon densities among land use types. Additionally, urban soil had significantly higher SOC and SIC densities than suburban soil did, and suburban shelterbelts and productive plantations had lower SIC densities than the other land use types. The comparison of coefficients of variance(CVs) showed that carbon content of urban topsoil had a lower variability than that of suburban topsoil. Further findings revealed that soil carbon storage increased with built-up age. Urban soil built up for more than 20 years had higher densities of SOC, SIC and TC than both urban soil with less than 10 years and suburban soil. Correlation analyses indicated the existence of a significantly negative correlation between the SOC, SIC, and TC densities of urban soil and the distance to the urban core, and the distance variable alone explained 23.3% of the variation of SIC density and 13.8% of the variation of TC density. These results indicate that SOC and SIC accumulate in the urban topsoil under green space as a result of the conversion of agricultural land to urban land due to the urbanization in Beijing.

Continuous observation of black carbon aerosol during winter in urban Beijing,China

Black carbon(BC)has a significant impact on air quality and atmospheric light absorption due to its unique physical properties.In this study,a ten-wavelength black carbon monitor was used to measure BC concentrations continuously during winter in urban Beijing.A comparison of BC concentrations was carried out between the ten-wavelength black carbon monitor and a multiangle absorption photometer(MAAP)and a thermal optical transmission method carbon analyzer.The results showed significant correlations between BC measured by the MAAP,the thermal optical transmission method carbon analyzer and BC measured at the 660 nm wavelength using the ten-wavelength black carbon monitor.Obvious differences in BC concentrations were recorded at the different wavelength ranges.The BC concentrations observed in the visible ranges,near-infrared ranges and near-ultraviolet ranges were on average 3.1,2.6,and 4.6μg m?3,respectively.The differences between the absorption coefficient of BC370 nm and BC880 nm increased with the enhancement of OC:TC(ratio of organic carbon to total carbon)and PM2.5,indicating that organic matter had strong light absorption at near-ultraviolet wavelength.BC concentrations had clear diurnal variations with maxima at 0300 and minima at 1400(Local time).In addition,potential contribution source areas of BC were also analyzed.This is the first time that BC measurements have been conducted using the ten-wavelength BC monitor,which provided more information of BC at different wavelengths compared to other methods.

Analysis and Countermeasures Research of Beijing Country Fair

Organic vegetables, does not use pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, herbicides, growth regulators in production process and refers to organisms and products got from genetic engineering. It follows the laws of nature and ecological principles, adopts a series of sustainable development of agricultural technology, to coordinate planting balanced, and stable agricultural ecosystems, and through the identification of organic certification, it will be recognized and awarded organic certification. Beijing Country Fair launched by a group of consumer volunteers concerned about ecological agriculture and rural issues, aiming to build a platform for farmers engaged in organic agriculture and consumers can communicate directly, exchange. It can help consumers find safe, assured products, but also help farmers to broaden market channels and encourage more farmers to engage in organic farming, thereby reducing environmental pollution produced by fertilizer and pesticide, safeguarding food security, and practicing fair trade.

官办慈善组织信用困境的生成逻辑与破解路径——基于北京市红十字会募捐遇冷的实证分析

官办慈善组织是我国慈善事业发展的中坚力量,发挥着不可替代的作用。在社会快速转型和慈善事业发展过程中,我国官办慈善组织面临着深层次矛盾和挑战,如目标与实现手段之间的非契合性、“四化”(机关化、行政化、贵族化、娱乐化)痼疾与增强信用意识内生动力之间的张力、团体本位主义与利他主义的价值冲突、依法治理官办慈善组织信用与法律支撑体系薄弱之间的矛盾、惩戒力度不足导致的成本支出与收益不对等。应深化体制改革,建立长效机制,形成官办慈善组织不敢失信、不能失信、不想失信的良好局面。

基于稳定同位素的水生生物食物链结构特征分析

稳定碳、氮同位素(δ^(13)C、δ^(15)N)技术是研究水生态系统中物质循环、能量流动的重要手段.应用水生生物摄食过程中碳、氮稳定同位素比率会伴随食物链传递过程中分馏作用而变化的特征,以北京地区永定河流域山区河道、永定河流域平原河道、潮白河流域山区河道、北运河流域平原河道为研究对象,共布设30个样点,探究不同流域河道水生生物食物网结构变化特征,定量反映其水生生物摄食关系、营养级、食物网的冗余程度,揭示水生生物食物网结构、物质循环特征.结果表明:①北京地区不同流域河道δ^(13)C、δ^(15)N具有显著的空间异质性,不同流域呈现不同上升趋势,永定河流域、潮白河流域山区河道均总体呈现“L”型阶梯上升趋势,永定河流域平原河道呈现“”型上升趋势,北运河流域呈现“│”型上升趋势.②永定河流域、潮白河流域河道鱼类δ^(15)N总体稳定在8‰~18‰之间,显著大于北运河流域δ^(15)N(5‰~15‰).③不同流域鱼类δ^(15)N、δ^(13)C形成的矩阵与浮游动物、浮游植物、水生植物δ^(15)N、δ^(13)C形成的矩阵重叠比例呈现潮白河流域<永定河流域山区河道、永定河流域平原河道<北运河流域的特征,其中北运河流域重叠比例高达53.73%,这反映了北运河流域浮游动物、浮游植物、水生植物的冗余程度较高.④水生生物在不同流域摄食关系上表现出显著差异性,且高营养级肉食性鱼类对小型鱼类摄食比例为60%~82%,无明显偏好性,相对营养级较低的杂食性鱼类摄食偏好上总体体现出一致性,对底栖动物摄食比例总体在50%以上.未来,采用鱼类δ^(15)N、不同流域各类生物δ^(15)N、δ^(13)C分布矩阵并与新兴技术、统计方法等结合,可进一步深层次、精细化指导水生态系统结构功能评价、水生态系统调控等工作.

大型综合医院肝移植健康教育工作现状及对策

健康教育对肝移植患者预后有积极的影响。以北京友谊医院为例,对肝移植健康教育实施与管理现状、存在的问题进行总结和探讨,从组织管理、宣教内容、制度建设和信息化支持等方面提出了相应的改进对策,为今后进一步做好肝移植健康教育工作打下基础。

Multiscale Characteristics and Connection Mechanisms of Attraction Networks:A Trajectory Data Mining Approach Leveraging Geotagged Data

Urban tourism is considered a complex system,and multiscale exploration of the organizational patterns of attraction networks has become a topical issue in urban tourism,so exploring the multiscale characteristics and connection mechanisms of attraction networks is important for understanding the linkages between attractions and even the future destination planning.This paper uses geotagging data to compare the links between attractions in Beijing,China during four different periods:the pre-Olympic period(2004–2007),the Olympic Games and subsequent‘heat period’(2008–2013),the post-Olympic period(2014–2019),and the COVID-19(Corona Virus Disease 2019)pandemic period(2020–2021).The aim is to better understand the evolution and patterns of attraction networks at different scales in Beijing and to provide insights for tourism planning in the destination.The results show that the macro,meso-,and microscales network characteristics of attraction networks have inherent logical relationships that can explain the commonalities and differences in the development process of tourism networks.The macroscale attraction network degree Matthew effect is significant in the four different periods and exhibits a morphological monocentric structure,suggesting that new entrants are more likely to be associated with attractions that already have high value.The mesoscale links attractions according to the common purpose of tourists,and the results of the community segmentation of the attraction networks in the four different periods suggest that the functional polycentric structure describes their clustering effect,and the weak links between clusters result from attractions bound by incomplete information and distance,and the functional polycentric structure with a generally more efficient network of clusters.The pattern structure at the microscale reveals the topological transformation relationship of the regional collaboration pattern,and the attraction network structure in the four different periods has a very similar importance profile structure suggesting that the attraction network has the same construction rules and evolution mechanism,which aids in understanding the attraction network pattern at both macro and micro scales.Important approaches and practical implications for planners and managers are presented.

北京市社区体育治理的实践探索、问题反思及推进路径

社区是国家治理的重要场域,也是中国群众体育治理的微观平台,具有重要的战略价值。研究采用社会调查、文献研究等方法,对北京市社区体育治理的形成背景、发展历程、实践探索、存在问题进行梳理、归纳和学理性反思,进而完成其推进路径的构建。研究结果显示,行政力量是推动北京市社区体育发展的原始动力,自组织力量的逐步兴起促进了社区体育治理结构的完善。不同时期的“创建”工作构成了北京市社区体育治理的重要载体,而协同治理格局的打造、治理平台的调整等方面改革的实施,构成北京市社区体育治理的具体实践。研究认为,北京市社区体育治理存在部门协同不够、工作机制不畅、社会组织活力不足等方面的问题。推进社区体育组织体系重构,激发社区体育发展的内生动力是践行北京市社区体育治理的基本路径。

北京城中轴线保护区胡同有机更新探索——以国旺胡同适老化改造为例

北京中轴线保护区因其特殊的地理环境和历史风貌,现在仍然存在着如公共空间较少、道路出行不便、基础设施老旧等问题,成为制约人们出行和高品质生活的因素。以国旺胡同适老化改造为例,从改善胡同交通、提高公共空间品质、恢复街巷记忆点等措施入手进行公共空间与住宅的更新改造。尝试探索该地区胡同改造与绿色建筑升级相结合的更新策略,以期对未来的改造模式提供借鉴与支持。

北京市PM_(2.5)中水溶性有机碳污染特征研究

于2019年的1月1日—12月31日采集了315个细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))样品,用于研究北京大气气溶胶中水溶性有机碳(WSOC)的特点和来源。结果表明:2019年北京城区WSOC平均质量浓度为4.58μg/m^(3),浓度范围为0.50~23.87μg/m^(3)。WSOC的质量浓度呈现了显著的季节差异,按照从大到小的顺序排列依次是冬季>秋季>春季>夏季。相关性分析结果表明在夏、秋季受到一次源和二次源的共同影响,而在春、冬季受到一次源的影响更大,在夏、秋季二次源影响高于春、冬季。在冬季WSOC受到燃煤的影响。

北京典型园林绿化树种释放有益挥发性有机物组成及动态变化特征

为了研究植物释放出的挥发性有机物(BVOCs)里含有保健和净化空气功能的特定成分及其动态变化特征,从而为园林绿化树种的选择和搭配提供科学的理论依据,以我国北京市常用8种绿化植物白皮松、油松、侧柏、桧柏、栾树、国槐、垂柳和银杏为研究对象,利用动态顶空法和GC-MS方法对不同种类的植物释放的有机物(BVOCs)成分及动态变化特征进行了为期一年的观测分析。结果显示:(1)针叶树种释放的有益BVOCs中烯烃类化合物含量约占总释放量的67.4%~81.3%,酯类、醛类、酮类、醇类以及有机酸类化合物共占比18.7%~32.6%;阔叶树种释放的有益BVOCs中烯烃类化合物占总释放量的61.4%~72.3%,醇类、酯类、醛类、酮类及其他类化合物共占约27.7%~38.6%。(2)侧柏在春季释放较多的烯烃类(15.1%)、酯类(9.01%)和醇类(18.3%)化合物,在夏季释放较多的酯类(10.01%)、醛类(12.5%)和醇类(10.2%)化合物,在秋季释放较多的醇类(10.1%)化合物。垂柳无论春夏秋哪个季节都是释放烯烃类化合物最多,春季55.1%、夏季54.3%、秋季58.2%。(3)垂柳释放的烯烃类化合物在1000达到最大值(41.3%),醇类化合物在1400达到最大值(25.3%);侧柏释放的烯烃类化合物一直增大,在1800达到最大值(78.2%),醛类化合物在1200达到最大值(22.4%),醇类化合物在1000达到最大值(20.01%)。研究结果表明:不同树种在生长季所释放的有益BVOCs组成与含量存在一定差异;侧柏和垂柳在不同季节释放的化合物种类存在显著差异;侧柏和垂柳释放的有机物存在不同的日动态变化特点。

有序的非平衡:京津冀城市群人口系统自组织协同的演化过程——基于历次人口普查数据的分析

基于系统科学的自组织理论,结合历次人口普查数据,本文研究发现:京津冀城市群人口演化过程具有明显的协同效应、伺服效应和自组织效应,并表现出可预见的发展趋向。第一,形成了首要主导城市、次主导城市、主协作城市、次协作城市的整体协同格局,层级化协同特征较为突出;第二,形成了四大圈层城市结构,圈层化格局特征较为稳定;第三,存在多极→单极→双极、突变→稳态→成长、无序自组织→有序自组织、弱非平衡关系→强非平衡关系的协同阶段趋向,并且在当前双极协同的状况下,正处于由成长状态向突变状态转变的阶段。京津冀城市群人口协同发展将呈现五个方面的特点:有序、非平衡、有序的扩大、非平衡加剧趋势放缓、双极协同向多极协同的潜在趋向发展。

北京某医院党建引领接诉即办工作实践研究

公立医院作为医疗服务体系的主体,肩负着“病有所医”的重要职责。目前,公立医院接诉即办已成为群众反映看病就医问题的重要渠道。文章以首都医科大学宣武医院为例,系统总结了发挥公立医院党组织作用做好党建引领接诉即办的重要意义、举措经验、工作成效以及问题建议等。

京津冀地区工业区土壤中多环芳烃的污染特征、源解析及生物因子相关性

调查京津冀地区工业土壤污染的状况及其与土壤生物因子的相互关系,为后续环境监测及修复提供参考。在京津冀地区代表性工业园区采集土壤样品,分析其中半挥发有机污染和土壤生物状况。土壤采集点周边的工业产业涵盖了金属冶炼及压延加工业,石油加工业、炼焦及核燃料加工业,交通运输设备制造业,化学原料及化学制品制造业等北方地区典型重工业产业。结果表明,芘(Pyrene,Pyr)、荧蒽(Fluoranthene,Flu)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-二乙基己基)酯(Bis(2-diethylhexyl)Phthalate,DEHP)检出排名前3,分别有98.4%、98.4%、96.9%的点位浓度高于检出限,其最高质量分数分别为2.84、2.79、5.72 mg·kg^(-1)。土壤中多环芳烃(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,PAHs)以4-6环PAHs为主,∑16PAHs质量分数中位值为0.67 mg·kg^(-1),约有90.6%的样品中苯并[a]芘(Benzo[a]pyrene,BaP)的浓度高于检出限。荧蒽、芘、苯并[a]蒽(Benzo[a]anthracene,BaA)、䓛(Chrysene,Chr)、苯并[b]荧蒽(Benzo[b]fluoranthene,BbF)、苯并[k]荧蒽(Benzo[k]fluoranthene,BkF)、BaP对土壤中PAHs污染方差的贡献率高达52.9%。结合特征比值法与主成分分析法得出液体化石燃料燃烧产生的PAHs占土壤PAHs来源的79.7%。微生物量碳(Microbial Biomass Carbon,MBC)、微生物量氮(Microbial Biomass Nitrogen,MBN)在0-20 cm处与2-3环和∑16PAHs呈显著负相关(r=-0.4,P=0.023),在20-40 cm土壤中蔗糖酶活性与LMW-PAHs(r=0.51,P=0.006)和HMW-PAHs(r=0.53,P=0.005)呈显著正相关。研究成果可为评估土壤有机污染环境归趋提供依据。

面向联合国SDG15.3.1的2000~2020年京津冀地区土地退化评估

为了防止土地退化,《联合国防治荒漠化公约》提出了土地退化零增长的目标,并成为可持续发展目标(sustainable development goal,SDG)的重要目标之一。但就目前SDG评估而言,针对长时序演变特征的土地退化中性(land degradation neutrality,LDN)本土化实证研究还较少。因此,本文利用SDG15.3.1元数据指标框架,以2000~2010年为基准期,2010~2020年为评估期,对近20年京津冀地区的土地退化情况进行了评估。结果表明:①基准期,京津冀土地退化的面积为18004 km^(2)(占全区域总面积的比例为8.41%),土地改善的面积64900 km^(2)(占全区域总面积的比例为30.32%),基准期综合表现为改善;②评估期,京津冀土地退化的面积为27414 km^(2)(占全区域总面积的比例为12.8%),土地改善的面积42957 km^(2)(占全区域总面积的比例为20.06%),评估期综合表现为改善;③土地生产力的变化在基准期和评估期对土地状态的评估起了主导作用,其次为土地覆盖,土壤有机碳变化的作用最小;④通过基准期和评估期土地退化的情况相比,得出京津冀地区2000~2020年达到了土地退化零增长的目标。研究结果将有助于京津冀地区生态规划管理,推动京津冀协同发展。

北京“两区”产业政策结构特征及优化建议

以北京“两区”产业政策为研究对象,基于政策工具、产业理论、组织管理系统理论,构建“政策工具-作用产业-作用时期”三维度模型进行分析。研究发现,北京“两区”产业政策工具整体上呈现供给型政策与环境型政策双驱动,而需求型政策不足的现象;对重点产业环境型政策支持不足;对初创期和转型期企业支持不足。因此,应在系统观念的指导下优化政策结构,增加需求型政策出台,增强对重点产业和企业全周期的支持力度,以更好推动北京“两区”高质量发展。