Prescription of Antibiotics in Oral-Dental Practice: Case of the Dental Practice at the Coyah Prefectoral Hospital in the Republic of Guinea 2019-2020

Introduction: Antibiotics are medications that have the property of destroying bacteria or preventing their proliferation. The aim of this study is to evaluate antibiotic prescriptions in oral practice: case of the dental office of the Coyah prefectural hospital. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study which took place from August 2019 to January 2020 inclusive, i.e. a duration of six (6) months, during which 400 patients were identified. Results: Our results revealed a frequency of 70% of antibiotic prescriptions. The 16 - 25-year-old age group was the most dismayed, at 47.25% and with an average age of 27.78 years. Men represent 55% compared to 45% of women, i.e. sex ratio of 1.22. Pulp gangrene was the most common pathology in 55% of cases. The most prescribed family was Betalactamine or 61.71% and the most represented molecules were Amoxicillin with 56.10% followed by Metronidazole or 34.16%. And the favorable prognosis was observed in 99% of cases. Conclusion: Prescription should always be based on the benefit-risk ratio. This prescription by practitioners aims to prevent or eradicate infections and pain in order to obtain a good therapeutic result.

Theoretical Insights Elucidate Novel Active Phosphonate Esters—Cephalosporin Antibiotics’ Intermediate

Theoretical insights elucidate a series of active phosphonate esters application in preparation of Cephalosporin antibiotics’ intermediate. The B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) method was employed to obtain the stable equilibrium geometries including comparing to the AE-active ester. It was found that the Ethyl-aminothiazoly Loximate (AT) molecule fragment is almost planar sheet, but it is almost perpendicular to the plane of phosphoryl ester. Moreover, the calculated Mulliken atomic charge distribution and frontier molecular orbital analysis of these esters showed that the amino N atom connected to the Thiazole ring of the AT had the maximum negative charge, which suggested that this area had high molecular activity. The value of ΔEL-H was energy gap between EHOMO and ELUMO and indicated that compound 6a had high reaction activity. The theory calculation results can explain the reaction mechanism well and predict that the novel active phosphonate ester has a hopeful application prospect in preparation of Cephalosporin antibiotics’ intermediate.

Isolation and Antibiotic-Resistant Pattern of Opportunistic Infectious Microbes from the Infected Sites of Oral Cancer Patients Compared to That of Healthy People Oral Microbiota

Introduction: Oral cancer is the third most prominent type of cancer in Bangladesh. During or after oral cancer treatment, immune-compromised cancer patients may be susceptible to an infection by multi-drug-resistant opportunistic microbes. This study aims to identify the prevalent microorganisms from the infected site of oral cancer patients and observe their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Materials and Methods: Clinical samples were collected from the infected sites of oral cancer patients and healthy people. The swabs collected were placed on nutrient agar slant, then incubated for 24 hours at 37ºC. Bacteria from the slant were inoculated in several selective media (Mannitol Salt Agar Media, KF Streptococcus Agar media, Cetrimide Agar, Eosin Methylene Blue Agar). Several biochemical tests identified opportunistic microorganisms. Finally, the antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: The study found that 65.4% of microbes isolated from the patients’ oral cavities were Gram-negative bacteria, and 34.6% were Gram-positive bacteria. Among the patient group isolates (n = 55), the most prevalent organism was Pseudomonas spp. (30;54.54%). Others were Klebsiella spp. (27;49.09%), Staphylococcus spp. (24;43.63%), E. coli (14;25.45%), Streptococcus spp. (14;25.45%), Proteus spp. (12;21.8%) and Enterococcus spp. (6;10.90%). Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbes from the patient group have shown high resistance to the commonly used antibiotics. In the control group (n = 50), the most prevalent organism was Staphylococcus spp. (15;30%). Other organisms were Streptococcus spp. (6;12%), Klebsiella spp. (11;22%), E. coli (3;6%), Streptococcus spp. (14;25.45%), Pseudomonas spp. (8;16%). The microbes of the control group showed less resistance to the antibiotics and rather showed sensitivity to them. Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of multi-drug-resistant opportunistic microbes on immune-compromised oral cancer patients compared to microbes isolated from healthy people’s oral cavity.

Dissimilarity of different cephalosporins on volatile fatty acids production and antibiotic resistance genes fates during sludge fermentation and underlying mechanisms

The distinct influences of cephalosporins(CEPs, i.e., cefamandole nafate and cefpirome sulfate) affiliated to different generations on the volatile fatty acids(VFAs) production and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) fates during waste activated sludge(WAS) fermentation were unveiled. The presence of CEPs mainly exhibited negative effects on the total VFAs production(5%–15% reduction), especially the cefamandole nafate, which is quite different to previous understanding. Further investigation revealed that the CEPs contributed to the solubilization and hydrolysis but inhibited the acidification process by affecting the functional microbial populations(i.e., Tissierella) and general microbial metabolic activities(i.e., pyruvate metabolism and VFAs biosynthesis). In addition, CEPs(especially the cefpirome sulfate)caused the propagation of ARGs(i.e., bla TEM, tet X and mex F) during WAS fermentation. CEPs enhanced the cell membrane permeability to promote the antibiotics mechanism of efflux pump and the horizontal transfer of ARGs. Also, the CEPs altered the regulatory systems(i.e., two component system) and microbial populations associated with ARGs, resulting in the proliferation of specific ARGs. Overall, the dissimilarity of different CEPs impacts on the WAS fermentation for VFAs production and ARGs variations enlightened the diverse environmental behaviors of anthropogenic pollutants and evoked the caution of ecological risks.

脾氨肽口服冻干粉联合抗生素治疗老年2型糖尿病合并急性肾盂肾炎

目的探讨脾氨肽口服冻干粉(Spleen Aminopeptide Oral Lyophilized Powder,SAOLP)联合抗生素治疗2型糖尿病(Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,T2DM)合并急性肾盂肾炎(Acute Pyelonephritis,APN)的疗效。方法收集2022年6月至2023年6月在牡丹江医科大学附属红旗医院内分泌科住院的80例T2DM合并APN老年患者,采用随机数字表法将患者随机分为两组:联合治疗组40例,接受SAOLP联合抗生素治疗;单独治疗组40例,仅使用抗生素治疗。结果联合治疗组的白细胞计数(White Blood Cell,WBC)、中性粒细胞百分比(Neutrophil Percentage,NEU%)、降钙素原(Procalcitonin,PCT)、C反应蛋白(C-Reactive Protein,CRP)、白介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)、肝素结合蛋白(Heparin-Binding Protein,HBP)水平均低于单独治疗组(P<0.05);CD4^(+)细胞百分比(Percentage of CD4^(+)Cells,CD4^(+)%)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比率、免疫球蛋白G(Immunoglobulin G,IgG)水平高于单独治疗组(P<0.05)。此外,联合治疗组在空腹血糖(Fasting Blood Glucose,FBG)达标时间、体温恢复时间、厌食缓解时间、排尿不适缓解时间、肾区叩击痛缓解时间以及住院日数方面均少于单独治疗组(P<0.05)。随访1年后,联合治疗组的APN复发率低于单独治疗组(P<0.05);CD4^(+)%、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比率及IgG水平高于单独治疗组(P<0.05)。结论SAOLP可改善T2DM老年患者的免疫功能,与抗生素联合应用可增强抗生素治疗APN的效果。

Evaluating bacterial contamination and surgical site infection risks in intracorporeal anastomosis: Role of bowel preparation

We recently read the study by Kayano et al on intracorporeal anastomosis(IA)for colon cancer,which assessed bacterial contamination and medium-term onco-logical outcomes and affirmed that IA is analogous to extracorporeal anastomosis in reducing intraperitoneal bacterial risk and achieving similar oncological results.Our commentary addresses gaps,particularly concerning bowel preparation and surgical site infections(SSIs),and highlights the need for comprehensive details on the bowel preparation methods that are currently employed,including mecha-nical bowel preparation,oral antibiotics(OA),their combination,and specific OA types.We emphasize the necessity for further analyses that investigate these me-thods and their correlation with SSI rates,to enhance clinical protocol guidance and optimize surgical outcomes.Such meticulous analyses are essential for refi-ning strategies to effectively mitigate SSI risk in colorectal surgeries.

静脉注射头孢菌素类药物患者过敏反应发生率及其影响因素的多中心临床研究

目的:分析头孢菌素类药物过敏反应的发生率及其影响因素。方法:横断面调研2021年4月1日至6月30日浙江省29家医疗机构所有接受静脉注射头孢菌素类药物的患者,统计头孢菌素类药物过敏反应的发生率,采用泊松回归模型分析头孢菌素类药物诱导过敏反应发生的相关影响因素。结果:研究共纳入56155例患者,头孢菌素类药物过敏反应总发生率为1.67‰,过敏反应发生率最高的是头孢唑肟(4.27‰),其次是头孢曲松(3.49‰)和头孢噻肟(2.40‰)。与皮试阴性组比较,非皮试组患者过敏反应发生率无明显增加(分别为1.75‰与1.63‰,RR=1.07,95%CI:0.70~1.63,P>0.05)。泊松回归分析结果显示,体重指数低于18.5 kg/m^(2)(RR=2.43,95%CI:1.23~4.82,P<0.05)、其他β-内酰胺类药物过敏史(RR=33.88,95%CI:1.47~781.12,P<0.05)会增加头孢菌素类药物过敏反应的发生率,且与头孢呋辛比较,头孢曲松(RR=3.08,95%CI:1.70~5.59,P<0.01)、头孢他啶(RR=1.89,95%CI:1.03~3.47,P<0.05)和头孢唑肟(RR=3.74,95%CI:1.64~8.50,P<0.01)过敏反应发生的风险增加。结论:头孢菌素类药物过敏反应与低体重指数和β-内酰胺类药物过敏史有关,头孢菌素类药物的常规皮试筛查并不能减少过敏反应发生。

阿莫西林克拉维酸钾联合第三代头孢类抗菌药治疗新生儿肺炎的临床效果及其对肠道菌群的影响

目的分析阿莫西林克拉维酸钾与第三代头孢类抗菌药联合应用于新生儿肺炎患儿的应用效果及其对患儿肠道菌群的影响。方法选择在2021年2月—2022年11月期间于我院新生儿科接受相关治疗的100例新生儿肺炎患儿,依照简单随机化法将患儿分为研究组(n=50)及参照组(n=50)。给予参照组常规新生儿肺炎治疗,在此基础上给予研究组患者阿莫西林克拉维酸钾与第三代头孢类抗菌药的联合治疗。治疗结束后对比两组患儿的血清因子水平、肠道菌落情况、临床疗效以及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗前,两组患儿的血清因子水平、肠道内菌群数量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后两组患儿的降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、白细胞计数(white blood cell count,WBC)、肠球菌、肠杆菌、双歧杆菌以及乳酸杆菌水平均有改善(P<0.05),其中研究组的PCT、CRP、WBC、肠球菌、双歧杆菌以及乳酸杆菌数量低于参照组,而研究组的肠杆菌数量高于参照组;同时研究组的临床有效率(94.00%)与参照组的临床有效率(86.00%)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患儿的不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但其中研究组腹泻的发生率高于参照组(P<0.05)。结论在对新生儿肺炎患儿进行治疗时采取阿莫西林克拉维酸钾单纯治疗与阿莫西林克拉维酸钾+第三代头孢类抗菌药(头孢他啶)的临床疗效相当,联合用药虽能更为显著地减少患儿机体的细菌数量,改善血清因子水平,但更易发生腹泻的并发症,且为了减少耐药性,应适当采用单独用药。

蓝芩口服液联合抗菌药物治疗急性扁桃体炎有效性与安全性的系统评价与Meta分析

目的系统评价蓝芩口服液联合抗菌药物治疗急性扁桃体炎的有效性与安全性。方法检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、EMbase、SinoMed、中国知网、万方数据、维普网,收集蓝芩口服液治疗急性扁桃体炎的随机对照试验(RCTs),检索时限从建库至2023年1月1日,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行数据分析。结果5项随机对照试验(RCTs),共计640例急性扁桃体炎患者。Meta分析结果显示,蓝芩口服液联合抗生素治疗急性扁桃体炎,在退热时间(MD=-20.21,95%CI[-25.18,-15.24],P<0.001),咽痛缓解时间(MD=-22.62,95%CI[-30.48,-14.75],P<0.001),有效率(RR=3.07,95%CI[1.92,4.89],P<0.001)方面优于单用抗菌药物,差异具有统计学意义。结论临床试验质量不高,以上结论仍需更多高质量临床试验进一步证明,且需要关注不良反应的问题。

β内酰胺类抗菌药物皮肤试验最佳证据总结

目的 对β内酰胺类抗菌药物皮肤试验的相关证据进行最佳总结。方法 以“β内酰胺类抗菌药物”“青霉素”“头孢菌素”和“皮肤试验”为主题词检索了中国知网、万方数据库、Elsevier、PubMed、SpringerLink、Wiley InterScience和web of science等数据库,并对国际指南网、美国国家指南网、英国国家指南中心网、欧洲指南网、澳大利亚临床指南网和新西兰指南网等指南网站进行检索,检索时限为建库至2023年1月31日。结果 共纳入证据8篇,其中7篇指南,1篇专家共识。总结出β内酰胺类抗菌药物皮肤试验适应证、操作基本原则和结果判读、过敏史的甄别与过敏反应的救治4个方面的证据。结论 医护人员应该按照循证医学证据进行临床实践,有助于提升对β内酰胺类抗菌药物皮肤试验的认知和操作规范,保证医疗安全,提高护理质量。

头孢菌素类抗生素制药废水处理工程实例

针对头孢菌素类抗生素制药废水成分复杂、COD浓度高、含盐量高、生化性差等特点,采用“脱气塔+微电解+芬顿+混凝沉淀+蒸发+水解酸化+厌氧+缺氧+接触氧化+MBR+混凝沉淀”组合工艺对头孢菌素类抗生素制药废水进行处理。工程运行结果表明,该工艺对COD、NH_(3)-N、TP、盐度的去除率分别可达99%、94%、99%、99%,该组合工艺处理效果好、运行稳定、抗冲击负荷能力强,出水水质满足园区污水处理厂接管要求。

口腔细菌中抗菌药物耐药的研究进展

抗菌药物耐药是全球现代医学中的严峻挑战。然而口腔细菌的耐药问题被严重忽略。人类口腔中有大量细菌定居,这些细菌能够播散至机体其他部位并引发致死性感染性疾病。除此,口腔菌斑生物膜还能够促进抗菌药物耐药基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARG)的水平基因转移(horizontal gene transfer,HGT)。口腔科医生的抗菌药物使用量被严重低估,并存在许多不合理应用。与此一致,日益增多的研究发现口腔细菌出现抗菌药物耐药,并检测到ARG在人类口腔中的存在。因此,本文旨在回顾口腔细菌中的抗菌药物耐药问题,以提高对口腔医学中抗菌药物使用的重视。

全自动固相萃取-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定地表水中18种头孢菌素

建立了超高效液相色谱串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)法测定地表水中18种头孢菌素的方法。采用全自动固相萃取技术进行前处理,地表水样经HLB固相萃取小柱富集后,用1.0%(V/V)的甲酸溶液(溶剂为甲醇)洗脱。优选BEHShield RP18(1.7μm,2.1mm×100mm)色谱柱进行分离,在电喷雾正离子(ESI+)模式下电离,多反应模式(MRM)下检测,外标法定量。结果表明:18种头孢菌素在5.0~100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均>0.999,方法检出限为0.5~1.8ng/L,测定下限为2.0~7.2ng/L。对地表水样品进行加标回收实验,18种头孢菌素的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.5%~14.5%,加标回收率为64.3%~92.8%。该方法自动化程度高,结果稳定可靠,适用于地表水中头孢菌素的测定。

头孢菌素类抗菌药物皮试规范化管理的成效分析

目的 探讨医疗机构头孢菌素类抗菌药物皮肤试验(以下简称“皮试”)规范化管理的应用成效。方法 回顾性分析洛阳市妇幼保健院2020年6月至2022年5月头孢菌素类抗菌药物皮试筛查情况、使用情况及不良反应发生情况,医院于2021年6月1日起正式实施头孢菌素类抗菌药物皮试规范化管理,比较管理前(2020年6月至2021年5月)与管理后(2021年6月至2022年5月)的头孢菌素类抗菌药物皮试率、使用率及不良反应发生率。结果 管理前,医院儿科、新生儿科、妇科、产科头孢菌素类抗菌药物使用率分别为:46.79%、51.82%、34.35%、50.75%,各科室整体头孢菌素类抗菌药物使用率为46.35%;皮试率分别为:98.61%、99.15%、96.38%、99.80%,各科室整体皮试率98.89%;相关不良反应发生率分别为:1.27%、1.95%、1.13%、0.79%,各科室整体不良反应发生率为1.11%。而管理后,医院儿科、新生儿科、妇科、产科头孢菌素类抗菌药物使用率分别为:59.10%、58.32%、37.74%、56.04%,各科室整体头孢菌素类抗菌药物使用率为52.75%;皮试率分别为:10.83%、16.14%、11.44%、4.25%,各科室整体皮试率为8.71%。相关不良反应发生率分别为:1.06%、1.85%、1.07%、0.75%,各科室整体不良反应发生率为1.03%。管理后,上述四个科室头孢菌素类抗菌药物使用率及整体头孢菌素类抗菌药物使用率高于管理前,各科室皮试率及整体皮试率低于管理前,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。管理前后各科室头孢菌素类抗菌药物相关不良反应发生率及整体不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论 在头孢菌素类抗菌药物皮试规范化管理的实施下,医院科室头孢菌素类抗菌药物的使用率提升,皮试率下降,且相关药物不良反应发生率无明显变化。可见实施皮试规范化管理有助于促进医院合理使用抗菌药物,为降低医护人员工作量及医院医疗成本提供了重要帮助,而且不会对相关药物不良反应发生风险产生过多影响,值得应用。

阿莫西林联合蒲地蓝消炎口服液治疗小儿急性化脓性扁桃体炎的临床效果

目的:探讨阿莫西林联合蒲地蓝消炎口服液治疗小儿急性化脓性扁桃体炎的临床效果。方法:选择镇江市第一人民医院新区分院收治的80例急性化脓性扁桃体炎患儿(收治时间:2021年2月—2023年7月)作为研究对象,随机分为阿莫西林组(采用阿莫西林治疗)、联合组(采用阿莫西林联合蒲地蓝消炎口服液治疗),各40例。对比两组疗效。结果:联合组治疗总有效率高于阿莫西林组(P<0.05);治疗后,两组CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)水平升高,CD8^(+)水平降低,与阿莫西林组比较,联合组CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)水平更高,CD8^(+)水平更低(P<0.05);联合组不良反应发生率低于阿莫西林组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组白细胞计数及C反应蛋白水平降低,与阿莫西林组比较,联合组更低(P<0.05)。结论:阿莫西林联合蒲地蓝消炎口服液治疗小儿急性化脓性扁桃体炎的临床效果良好,能够提高患儿免疫功能,减轻炎性反应,保证治疗安全性。

中西医结合治疗口腔颌面部牙源性感染研究进展

该文分析了近年来中西医结合治疗方法在治疗口腔颌面部牙源性感染(OIOFR)方面的研究概况。通过回顾学习与中西医结合诊治OIOFR疾病的相关文献,对其研究的成果进行系统总结分析。中西医结合诊疗技术在OIOFR方面不仅可以提高临床治愈率、缩短愈合周期,还可降低复发率。中西医结合治疗手段为OIOFR患者的治疗提供了广阔的参考依据。

Detection and Identification of Gonococci Resistance to Cephalosporin and Determination the Most Effective Empirical Treatment for Gonococcal Urethritis in Male Human in Egypt

Introduction: Gonorrhoeae and antimicrobial resistance AMR of gonococci is a major health problem today, because emerged resistance to last line empirical treatment for gonorrhoeae cephalosporins in many countries is predictable to be untreatable disease in near future. WHO GASP, WHO GLASS and WHO’s global action plan on AMR recommends to expand nationally and internationally to collect data to monitor AMR of gonococci for public health policies. Objective: Our aim is to detect resistance of gonococci to Cepha- losporins and determine the most effective empirical treatment for un-com- plicated gonococcal urethritis in males in Egypt. Methods: We depended in our methodology on selected gonococci from male urethral discharge specimens on Thyer Martien medium;collected 33 isolates during three years from 2017 to 2020;used antibiotics with MIC according to international standards and measuring IZD according to antimicrobial susceptibility testing reference ranges in international standards. Results: By statistical studies, resistance to cephalosporins was as follows: Cephradine 97%, Cefaclor 87.9%, Cefoxitin 97%, Ceftriaxone 90.9% and 42.4% to Cefepime, that shows hetero-genecity in resistance inside cephalosporin group;while resistance to Macrolides group represented by Azithromycin and Tetracyclins group represented by Doxycycline was as follows: Azithromycin 39.4%, Doxycycilne 27.3%;finally fluoroquinolones, the most effective group, resistance, was as: Levofloxacin 15.2%, Ciprofloxacin 15.2% and Ofloxacin 24.2%. Conclusion: The most effective empirical treatment for uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis in males in EGYPT is Fluoroquinolone;especially Levofloxacin ranks first susceptibility as 78.8% and 15.2% resistance followed by Ciprofloxacin susceptibility as 69.7% and 15.2% resistance, finally Ofloxacin susceptibility as 66.7% and 24.2% resistance;for Ceftriaxone not more recommended in EGYPT as empirical treatment for uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis, it is susceptibility as 6.1% and 90.9% resistance;in addition, we can use combination therapy of Fluoroquinolones with Azithromycin or Doxycycline, whose susceptibility is 30.3% for Azithromycin and 42.4% for Doxycycycline, while resistance is 39.4% for Azithromycin and 27.3% for Doxycycline. It is worth noting that only Cefepime in Cephalosporins group represents 42.4% susceptibility and 42.4% resistance;in addition to the Carbapenems group, it represents as 42.4% susceptibility for Imipenem and 45.5% resistance, then 42.2% susceptibility for Meropenem and 48.5% resistance, which can play role in combination therapy.

头孢菌素类抗生素的最新研究进展

头孢菌素类抗生素为在临床上使用的一类十分重要的抗菌药,目前对其研究仍然是抗生素药物研发的热点。本文通过检索和收集国内外有关头孢类抗生素方面的大量文献和统计数据,简述了其发展历程,归纳出近年来国内外头孢类抗生素的市场前景及发展趋势并对该类药物近年来的研究热点及未来的研究方向进行了探讨。头孢类抗生素研究在整个抗生素工业中仍将具有广阔的前景。

水中头孢类抗生素的测定方法

选取五种头孢类抗生素,研究其在水中的测定方法.结果表明,本方法分析时间短,检测限低,精密度较高,适用于饮用水、地表水、地下水及污水厂水体中头孢类抗生素的检测.

β-内酰胺类抗菌药物临床交叉过敏反应的发生机制及美国相关处理流程介绍

目的:了解β-内酰胺类抗菌药物在临床使用中发生交叉过敏反应的机制,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法:结合笔者在美国伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校(UIC)附属医院进修期间的学习心得,同时根据美国拉什大学医学中心对β-内酰胺类抗菌药物过敏史者的安全用药管理经验,总结β-内酰胺类抗菌药物发生交叉过敏反应的机制,并介绍美国UIC附属医院对β-内酰胺类抗菌药物过敏患者的处理流程。结果:β-内酰胺类抗菌药物发生交叉过敏反应的主要原因是由于药物之间存在相同或相似的侧链,人体内免疫球蛋白E通过识别这些侧链而产生交叉过敏反应。美国UIC附属医院对β-内酰胺类抗菌药物过敏患者的处理流程,包括对患者是否有β-内酰胺类抗菌药物使用指征进行评估,根据评估结果进行规范的青霉素皮试,并采用谨慎渐进式流程用药和快速诱导药物耐受流程进行抗感染治疗。结论:美国UIC附属医院对β-内酰胺类抗菌药物交叉过敏反应患者的处理方法,可为国内临床药师处理可疑β-内酰胺类抗菌药物过敏史者,尤其是针对孕妇、儿童等特殊人群提供新的思路。