A Sketch-Based Generation Model for Diverse Ceramic Tile Images Using Generative Adversarial Network

Ceramic tiles are one of the most indispensable materials for interior decoration.The ceramic patterns can’t match the design requirements in terms of diversity and interactivity due to their natural textures.In this paper,we propose a sketch-based generation method for generating diverse ceramic tile images based on a hand-drawn sketches using Generative Adversarial Network(GAN).The generated tile images can be tailored to meet the specific needs of the user for the tile textures.The proposed method consists of four steps.Firstly,a dataset of ceramic tile images with diverse distributions is created and then pre-trained based on GAN.Secondly,for each ceramic tile image in the dataset,the corresponding sketch image is generated and then the mapping relationship between the images is trained based on a sketch extraction network using ResNet Block and jump connection to improve the quality of the generated sketches.Thirdly,the sketch style is redefined according to the characteristics of the ceramic tile images and then double cross-domain adversarial loss functions are employed to guide the ceramic tile generation network for fitting in the direction of the sketch style and to improve the training speed.Finally,we apply hidden space perturbation and interpolation for further enriching the output textures style and satisfying the concept of“one style with multiple faces”.We conduct the training process of the proposed generation network on 2583 ceramic tile images dataset.To measure the generative diversity and quality,we use Frechet Inception Distance(FID)and Blind/Referenceless Image Spatial Quality Evaluator(BRISQUE)metrics.The experimental results prove that the proposed model greatly enhances the generation results of the ceramic tile images,with FID of 32.47 and BRISQUE of 28.44.

Synthesis of Ceramic Tiles Reinforced with Addition of Aluminum Particulate Waste

Research conducted on ceramic materials has been investigating the incorporation of solid waste into their formulations,driven by the proper disposal of such waste and the reduction of negative environmental impacts.This study analyzed the effects of adding aluminum powder residue to the physical properties of ceramic masses with the aim of obtaining new formulations for ceramic tiles.The aluminum residue and the standard mass for ceramic tile production were chemically characterized and homogenized to obtain new formulations with the incorporation of 4%,6%,8%,and 10%aluminum powder in the ceramic mass.The specimens were uniaxially pressed and sintered at a temperature of 1,200°C for 2 h,undergoing three different temperatures(100°C,400°C,and 650°C)for 30 min each.They were evaluated for WA(water absorption),RLq(linear shrinkage),SEM(scanning electron microscopy),and TRF(flexural strength)modulus.The results demonstrate that the addition of aluminum powder residue is feasible in the proposed formulations(4%,6%,8%,and 10%),as they enhance the mechanical properties of the ceramics compared to the formulation with 0%residue,at a sintering temperature of 1,200°C.

Assessment of the long-term possible radiological risk from the use of ceramic tiles in Malaysia

This study investigated the level of natural radioactivity and radiological risks of 40 different ceramic tiles through gamma-ray spectroscopy using a high-purity germanium detector. The calculated activity concentrations were evaluated to determine their potential radiological risks to human health. Furthermore, the activity concentrations were subjected to the RESRAD-BUILD computer code to assess the effect of ventilation rate, dweller position, and room size and direction on the total effective dose(TED). The simulated TED received by a receptor when changing the ventilation rate in a room ranged from0.26 ± 0.01 to 0.61 ± 0.01 mSv/y; however,the percentage variations in the TED due to dweller position and room size are 34, 31,and 35% and 33, 27, and 40% for the x-,y-,and z-directions, respectively. The overall TED received by the dweller based on room size and direction is 0.75 mSv/y. The calculated radiological risk parameters were all below the recommended maximum limit. However, the TED received by the dweller is significantly affected by the directions of the measurement, position,room size,and ventilation. Therefore,estimating the TED from one direction would underestimate the total dose received by the dweller.

Preparation of high performance ceramic tiles using waste tile granules and ceramic polishing powder

This paper presents an innovative approach to reusing waste tile granules(TG) and ceramic polishing powder(PP) to produce high performance ceramic tiles.We studied formulations each with a TG mass fraction of 25.0% and a different PP mass fraction between 1.0% and 7.0%.The formulations included a small amount of borax additive of a mass fracton between 0.2% and 1.2%.The effects of these industrial by-products on compressive strength,water absorption and microstructure of the new ceramic tiles were investigated.The results indicate that the compressive strength decreases and water absorption increases when TG with a mass fraction of 25.0% are added.Improvement of the compressive strength may be achieved when TG(up to 25.0%) and PP(up to 2.0%) are both used at the same time.In particular,the compressive strength improvement can be maximized and water absorption reduced when a borax additive of up to 0.5% is used as a flux.Scanning electron microscopy reveals that a certain amount of fine PP granules and a high content of fluxing oxides from borax avail the formation of glassy phase that fills up the pores in the new ceramic tiles,resulting in a dense product with high compressive strength and low water absorption.

Minimizing Carbon Content with Three-in-One Functionalized Nano Conductive Ceramics:Toward More Practical and Safer S Cathodes of Li-S Cells

Using porous carbon hosts in cathodes of Li-S cells can disperse S actives and offset their poor electrical conductivity.However,such reservoirs would in turn absorb excess electrolyte solvents to S-unfilled regions,causing the electrolyte overconsumption,specific energy decline,and even safety hazards for battery devices.To build better cathodes,we propose to substitute carbons by In-doped SnO_(2)(ITO)nano ceramics that own three-in-one functionalities:1)using conductive ITO enables minimizing the total carbon content to an extremely low mass ratio(~3%)in cathodes,elevating the electrode tap density and averting the electrolyte overuse;2)polar ITO nanoclusters can serve as robust anchors toward Li polysulfide(LiPS)by electrostatic adsorption or chemical bond interactions;3)they offer catalysis centers for liquid–solid phase conversions of S-based actives.Also,such ceramics are intrinsically nonflammable,preventing S cathodes away from thermal runaway or explosion.These merits entail our configured cathodes with high tap density(1.54 g cm^(−3)),less electrolyte usage,good security for flame retardance,and decent Li-storage behaviors.With lean and LiNO_(3)-free electrolyte,packed full cells exhibit excellent redox kinetics,suppressed LiPS shuttling,and excellent cyclability.This may trigger great research enthusiasm in rational design of low-carbon and safer S cathodes.

Structural Characterization of Bauxite Red Mud to Utilization in Ceramic Wall/Roofing Tile: Effect of Temperature on Mechanical Properties and Physic-Chemical Stability

This present research work is on the characterization of bauxite red mud (waste material) from Ngaoundal for the manufacture of ceramic products. After the extraction process, the raw material was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Morphology, mineral phases and chemical composition were determined by using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (DSC-TGA), Infra-Red (IR), Particle size (PS) were also used. Results of red mud analysis show that major oxides were Fe2O3 (37.21%), Al2O3 (19.6%), SiO2 (7.68%), TiO2 (1.07%), Na2O (4.71%), and CaO (2.75%). These last oxides require low temperature to melt and act as binders which link particles of red mud during the sintering process. Presence of alkaline oxides is an appeal to reduce energy consumption during ceramic manufacture process and to protect our environment for sustainable development. Physical and mechanical properties of fired red mud showed that the firing shrinkage, bulk density, and flexural strength increase with firing temperature. Porosity and water absorption had the same pattern and they decreased with the increase of temperature. Chemical stability reveals that 10% material loss is obtained after 7 days of treatment under acid-base conditions.

先驱体转化SiBCN陶瓷的制备、性能与应用

先驱体转化法是制备高性能陶瓷材料的重要方法,尤其在连续纤维及其复合材料(FRCMC)的制备、元素组成与微结构调控等方面具有显著优势。先驱体转化SiBCN陶瓷具有多元素含量可调、化学键合结构可控的特点,构建了不同结构特征和特殊性能的陶瓷材料。近几年,先驱体转化SiBCN陶瓷发展呈现出新的特点,结构功能一体化设计与制备技术受到了国内外的广泛关注。本文主要梳理了2016年至今先驱体转化SiBCN陶瓷的国内外研究进展,首先简要介绍先驱体转化SiBCN陶瓷的主要特点,然后以先驱体转化陶瓷产物的典型特点为分类依据,分别从SiBCN陶瓷先驱体及其陶瓷产物、连续SiBCN陶瓷纤维、SiBCN基复合材料和功能化SiBCN陶瓷4个方面综述了主要研究进展,提出了未来发展趋势和重点任务,期望为SiBCN陶瓷研制与应用研究提供参考,促进我国先进陶瓷材料的发展进步。

瓷砖胶粘剂在浸水条件下的应用及拉伸胶合性能研究

瓷砖胶粘剂是建筑施工场所常用的材料之一,具有便捷、耐用、安全等优点,为更加合理的添加最优比例的瓷砖胶粘剂的组成配料。分析了浸水条件下外界环境、施工工艺、原料成分等因素对瓷砖胶拉伸胶粘性能影响,分别对比了纤维素醚、级配砂、早强剂、再生砂用量、可再分散乳胶粉等添加剂对瓷砖胶的拉伸粘合性能影响,对瓷砖胶的拉伸胶粘性研究进行综合分析,最后对目前瓷砖胶的性能进行总结和展望。为进一步推动建筑施工用瓷砖胶在浸水条件下的应用制备提供参考。

一种搭载机械臂的瓷砖铺贴末端执行器的设计

针对手工铺贴瓷砖成本高、工作效率低、劳动强度大等问题,设计了一种搭载机械臂的瓷砖铺贴末端执行器。设计真空系统实现瓷砖吸放,设计惯性式激振器实现振动压实,利用激光测距传感器与边缘搜索方法检测定位。基于ROS开发了铺贴系统,实现了搭载机械臂的瓷砖铺贴实验。结果表明,该装置能够实现300 mm×300 mm的瓷砖铺贴作业,重复定位标准偏差小于0.343 mm。

基于空耦冲击回波法的饰面瓷砖层间脱空识别研究

针对饰面瓷砖脱空掉落的现象,建立了空气-饰面瓷砖层间脱空有限元模型,分析了钢球半径、激励速度以及信号采集位置等因素对饰面瓷砖层间脱空检测效果的影响,确定了最优值,然后利用特征识别参数对饰面瓷砖粘结层的脱空程度进行评估,并开展足尺试验对有限元模型的有效性进行验证。结果表明:钢球半径建议取9 mm,激励速度建议取1 m·s^(-1),信号采集点与激励点的横向距离不宜小于60 mm,垂向距离取5 mm;黏结层脱空会使冲击回波信号加强。因此,时域图中的信号波动性增强、衰减速度减缓,频域图中的声压级增大,主频段前移并分化为代表结构整体振动和局部振动的两个频段;并且随着脱空程度的增加,频域面积增大,通过计算频域面积可有效评估饰面瓷砖黏结层的脱空状况。研究结果为饰面瓷砖的无损检测提供了参考。

聚合瓷高嵌体与全瓷冠在下颌第一磨牙缺损修复中的应用及对咀嚼功能和美学效果的影响

目的:探讨聚合瓷高嵌体与全瓷冠在下颌第一磨牙缺损修复中的应用及对咀嚼功能和美学效果的影响。方法:选取笔者医院2020年1月-2021年12月收治的120例第一磨牙缺损患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(60例,采用全瓷冠修复)和观察组(60例,采用聚合瓷高嵌体修复)。观察两组患者的修复效果、牙周健康指标、咀嚼功能、美学效果及不良事件发生情况。结果:治疗后12个月,观察组修复总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组牙周健康指标评分均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组咀嚼功能显著高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者的表面光滑、边缘密合性、固定良好及颜色匹配评分高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组继发龋、牙冠折裂、牙龈红肿、咬合痛不良事件发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者修复成功率及存活率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:与全瓷冠治疗比较,应用聚合瓷高嵌体修复下颌第一磨牙缺损能够提高患者远期修复效果,改善牙周健康状况,提升咀嚼功能及美学效果。

陶瓷挤出成型3D打印技术研究与应用进展

增材制造技术通过逐层叠加材料的方式制造实物,能够快速成型复杂结构的陶瓷零部件。其中,挤出成型增材制造技术是该领域的重要组成部分。挤出成型由于打印过程中存在挤出力的作用,在所有增材制造方法中制备的陶瓷坯体固含量相对较高,因此后续无须进行增密处理工序。该方法可以同时满足高性能陶瓷对于复杂形状和高致密度的要求,因此在航空航天、生物医学以及电气电子等行业有着广泛的应用前景。本综述介绍了挤出成型技术在制备陶瓷材料方面的应用,阐述了该技术的基础原理和影响挤出过程的关键因素。同时,结合最新的研究成果,探讨了挤出成型陶瓷材料的性能及其在实际中的应用。文章最后分析了挤出成型技术当前面临的挑战,并对其未来的发展趋势进行了展望。

一种新型高层建筑外立面瓷砖检测装置的设计

针对瓷砖掉落的风险设计了一台基于红外热成像技术集成无人机来检测瓷砖空鼓现象。该设备采用人机交互的方式对设备进行控制操作,当操控者输入地点方位坐标无人机启动,到指定位置对目标进行检测,将检测数据传回终端进行图片分析与处理。在SolidWorks上建立设备三维建模运用仿真软件模拟检测过程。设备由无人机、红外相机、图传系统模块、数据储存模块、移动电源大部分组成,可编程逻辑控制器(单片机)为控制系统,设计了该控制系统的框架,确立了控制系统的硬件组成,基于C语言编写了无人机的控制系统包括无人机自动巡检、精准定位等程序,无人机的检测控制可汇集于一台手机。研究结果表明,所设计的装置结构合理、功能完善、性能稳定,降低了检测过程的危险性,提高了检测的工作效率。

定向凝固结构功能一体化氧化铝基共晶复合陶瓷研究进展

航空航天、电子信息、生物医学等高新技术的飞速发展对先进陶瓷材料的性能提出了更高的要求。具有单一特性的结构或功能材料已无法满足当前的需求,因此发展结构功能一体化高性能复合陶瓷已成为世界各国竞相竞争的目标。定向凝固氧化物共晶复合陶瓷是近年来发展的一类用于超高温氧化环境中长期服役的结构功能一体化复合材料。该类材料具有高熔点,低密度,优异的高温强度、高温蠕变性能等特性,同时兼具光学、电磁学、生物学等功能特性。本文综述了以Al_(2)O_(3)基材料体系为代表的定向凝固结构功能一体化共晶陶瓷的发展现状,总结出定向凝固共晶陶瓷的制备方法、技术原理和生长特点。重点阐述系列Al_(2)O_(3)基共晶陶瓷的凝固微观组织与结构特征,分析复合陶瓷的力学、光学、磁学和生物特性等性能及影响因素,并介绍其特点优势和应用范围。最后,总结定向凝固结构功能一体化共晶复合陶瓷在工程应用方面所面临的挑战和关键瓶颈,提出了共晶复合陶瓷材料在成形技术创新、综合性能提升、新体系开发等方面发展的主要方向。

全瓷高嵌体修复对牙缺损患者口腔功能、牙周情况及美观度的影响

目的探讨全瓷高嵌体修复对牙缺损患者口腔功能、牙周情况及美观度的影响。方法选取2022年3月至2023年6月商丘市第一人民医院口腔科收治的102例牙列缺损患者为研究对象,其中使用全瓷高嵌体修复的51患者纳入观察组,使用全瓷冠修复技术的51例患者纳入对照组。比较两组修复效果、牙周情况、口腔功能和美观度。结果观察组修复效果优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);修复后,观察组口腔功能评分(固定、发音、咀嚼功能和舒适度)、咀嚼效率、咬合力、牙周情况及口腔美观度评分均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率为7.84%低于对照组35.29%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高嵌体修复可改善牙缺损患者的牙周情况和口腔功能,且美观度更高,并发症更少,值得推广。

烧结温度及机械活化时间对陶瓷固废制备陶瓷砖的影响

陶瓷的生产、使用和废弃过程会产生大量的固体废物,这些陶瓷固废大多只能露天堆放或填埋处置,其资源化利用程度很低。本文以陶瓷固废为主要原料,在三乙醇胺和毫米级氧化锆球的协同作用下对陶瓷废弃物机械活化处理,探究不同机械活化时间和烧结温度对废瓷粉烧结性能的影响。结果表明:机械活化6 h后能将废瓷粉的中位粒径D_(50)从4.329μm减小到0.141μm,打破了废瓷粉中有序的Si—O四面体结构,使其无定形化程度加深,进而提高粉体的烧结活性。烧结温度的升高不仅能增加液相的生成量,使其填充颗粒间的孔隙,提高样品的致密度,还能促进透辉石的生成,优化样品物理性能。在烧结温度950℃、保温0.5 h后,样品抗折强度为51.63 MPa,吸水率为0.386%,体积密度为2.342 g/cm^(3),符合《陶瓷砖》(GB 4100—2016)中BIa类标准(平均抗折强度≥35 MPa,吸水率≤0.5%)瓷质砖要求。本文提供了一种“以废制新”的新方法,实现了废陶瓷的有效回收利用。

一种仿螺钿装饰艺术陶瓷砖的研发

实验在建筑陶瓷瓷釉的表面开发了一种复配型印刷釉,通过降低釉料的始熔温度、提高釉熔体与金属颗粒的浸润性以形成保护层,有效解决了金属颗粒在釉中高温烧成过程被氧化而失去光泽的技术难题,实现了合金材料在建筑陶瓷釉面的螺钿纹理装饰效果,提升了抛光类瓷砖的艺术装饰性能。

建筑陶瓷固废模拟热液蚀变反应低碳制备陶瓷砖

陶瓷通常需要在1 000℃以上烧结,导致陶瓷工业约有60%的能耗用于烧成工序,降低陶瓷的烧成温度对于陶瓷行业的节能减碳具有重要意义。本文以陶瓷固废为原料提出了一种在200℃下模拟热液蚀变反应低碳制备陶瓷的方法。本研究先对废陶瓷进行球磨预处理,得到亚微米级粉体,再通过模拟热液蚀变反应,以陶瓷固废粉体为原料制备出陶瓷砖。在最佳实验条件下:陶瓷固废球磨6 h,粉体含水率25%,以硅酸钾水溶液作为蚀变溶液,在200℃温度下反应36 h,得到样品的抗折强度为(32.1±4) MPa,满足陶瓷砖的应用要求。利用X射线衍射、傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜表征反应前后样品的物相组成、官能团结构和微观形貌,给出了可能的反应过程。确认在热液蚀变反应中产生了正长石和α-石英晶体,这两种晶体的生长有效地提高陶瓷砖的抗折强度。

改进YOLOv8的轻量级瓷砖表面缺陷检测

在瓷砖表面缺陷检测方面,在保证一定检测速度的前提下,对于小目标缺陷的检测较为困难,总体检测精度依然较低。提出了一种改进YOLOv8的瓷砖表面缺陷检测方法。第一,对原始的大幅面瓷砖数据集进行数据预处理,通过切片操作得到适合YOLOv8输入尺寸的瓷砖数据,防止瓷砖缺陷在缩放的过程中丢失;第二,考虑到瓷砖表面存在小目标缺陷的占比较大问题,使用SPD-Conv的结构代替传统的下采样方式,能够完整地保留通道维度中的所有信息,从而提高对小目标缺陷的检测能力;第三,对YOLOv8中原有的C2f模块进行改造,加入了Efficient Channel Attention注意力机制,设计了C2f_ECA模块,并在backbone网络中进行替换,使得网络在特征提取的过程中能够更为关注缺陷信息,减少背景信息的干扰;第四,添加了微小目标检测头在第二次下采样后进行检测,提高YOLOv8对微小目标的检测能力。该方法在天池瓷砖瑕疵检测数据集上进行实验验证,改进后的模型分别在mAP50-95、mAP50和mAP75上达到57.7%、86.6%、60.6%,比基础网络YOLOv8s分别提升了9.4、5、14.3个百分点。同时,高于YOLOv8m的精度和远低于YOLOv8m的复杂度,属于轻量级模型,符合工业化的需求。

新时代下加强陶瓷砖质量监督管理的研究与思考

陶瓷砖是用于建筑物饰面、建筑构件的陶瓷制品,我国陶瓷砖发展历史悠久,产品远销海内外。本文从中国陶瓷砖行业发展现状、加强陶瓷砖产品质量监督管理的路径、加强陶瓷砖产品质量监督管理的典型案例、未来陶瓷砖发展前景等方面论述了新时代下如何加强陶瓷砖产品的质量监督管理,可以为有关部门、行业协会及企事业单位提升陶瓷砖行业质量监管水平提供一定参考。